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Transabdomineller präperitonealer (TAPP) versus total extraperitonealer (TEP) Repair von Inguinalhernia
No full textBoth the transabdominal preperitoneal and the totally extraperitoneal repair of inguinal hernia have gained wide popularity throughout the surgical community. Recent guidelines issued by the International Endohernia Society noticed the lack of high-quality comparative evidence between endoscopic and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. In view of the wide dissemination of minimally invasive techniques for inguinal hernia repair and the high prevalence of this surgical disease, evaluation of currently available high quality comparative evidence of contemporary modalities is essential. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials, quasi-randomized studies and prospective non-randomized studies comparing the transabdominal with the preperitoneal approach of inguinal hernia repair was undertaken, with the objective to evaluate the outcomes of the two techniques, as expressed by the incidence of recurrence, operative morbidity and chronic pain.
The electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. No language restrictions were applied, and abstracts of articles in other than the English language were translated. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) “laparoscopy”, “endoscopy” and “inguinal hernia”, and the terms “TAPP”, “preperitoneal”, “properitoneal”, “TEP”, “totally extraperitoneal”, “total extraperitoneal” were used. A total number of 18 articles (10 randomized and 8 prospective case-control studies) were included in the analysis. The selected studies were published in the English language. The cumulative study population consisted of 1288 patients with a total of 1303 hernia defects.
Our meta-analytical model demonstrated similar recurrence rates for the preperitoneal (1.4 %) and the transabdominal approach (3.5%), with a trend in favor of the TEP repair. The incidence of intraoperative complications was similar for the laparoscopic and the preperitoneal approach (3.6% vs. 2.0%, respectively). Postoperative in-hospital morbidity was similar for TAPP and TEP (11.2% vs. 7.3%), with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. No significant differences between the TAPP and the TEP repair were demonstrated with regard to operative time (73.0 versus 70.9 minutes, respectively), whereas significant heterogeneity existed among studies. Postoperative pain as expressed by the visual analogue scoring system was similar between TAPP and TEP (2.4 vs. 2.2), although heterogeneity and publication bias were evident. Furthermore, no significant differences in terms of long-term pain or sensory deficits were found between the two treatment arms. A trend in favor of the transabdominal approach could not be statistically confirmed (6.1% vs. 9.1%).
Current data suggest similar results for laparoscopic and endoscopic inguinal hernia repair with regard to patient-oriented outcomes. A trend toward higher recurrence rates with the TAPP repair must not be disregarded, and may suggest modification of technical details, in order to provide long-term outcomes to the patients. Discrete differences between the transabdominal and the preperitoneal repair render transition from one technique to another rather not justified according to current data. High-quality randomized trials with a longer-term follow-up are considered essential, in order to further assess the relative effectiveness of the two procedures in the prevention of hernia recurrence.Die transabdiminelle und die präperitoneale operative Versorgung der Inguinalhernie sind in der chirurgischen Gesellschaft popularisiert worden. Die neuesten Leitlinien der Internationalen Endohernia Society haben einen Mangel an hochqualitativer, komparativer Evidenz zwischen endoskopischer und laparoskopischer Versorgung der Inguinalhernie festgestellt. In Hinsicht auf die breite Dissemination minimalinvasiver Techniken zur operativen Versorgung der Inguinalhernie und der hoher Prävalenz dieses Leidens, ist eine Evaluation von derzeit verfügbaren hochqualitativer Evidenz erforderlich. Ein systematischer Review und eine Meta-analyse randomisierter, quasi-randomisierter und prospektiver nicht-randomisierter Studien, die die transabdominelle und die präperitoneale Leistenhernienversorgung vergleichen, wurden entnommen, mit dem Ziel die klinischen Ergebnisse der zwei Techniken zu vergleichen, in Bezug auf die Rezidivrate, die operative Morbidität, den chronischen Schmerz und die Zeit zur Fortsetzung normaler Aktivität.
Die elektronischen Datenbanken der National Library of Medicine, Exerpta Medica und das Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials wurden durchgeforscht. Es wurde keine Spracheneinschränkung appliziert und Artikeln in Sprachen andere als die englische wurden übersetzt. Die Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) “laparoscopy”, “endoscopy” and “inguinal hernia”, und die Begriffe “TAPP”, “preperitoneal”, “properitoneal”, “TEP”, “totally extraperitoneal”, “total extraperitoneal” wurden verwendet. Achtzehn Artikeln (10 randomisierte und 8 prospektive case-control Studien) wurden in der Analyse eingeschlossen. Die kumulative Patientenpopulation bestand aus 1288 Patienten mit 1303 Leistenhernien.
Das meta-analytische Model zeigte vergleichbaren Rezidivraten für die präperitoneale (1.4%) und die transabdominelle (3.5%) Leistenhernienversorgung, mit einer Tendenz zugunsten der TEP Repair. Die intraoperativen Komplikationsraten waren vergleichbar zwischen der laparoskopischen und der präperitonealen Leistenhernienversorgung (3.6% versus 2.0%). Die postoperative Morbidität war ebenso vergleichbar zwischen TAPP und TEP (11.2% versus 7.3%) ohne Evidenz von Heterogenität zwischen Studien oder Publikationsbias. In Bezug auf die Operationsdauer, keine signifikanten Differenzen zwischen TAPP und TEP konnten nachgewiesen werden (73.0 versus 70.9 Minuten), allerdings mit signifikanter Heterogenität zwischen Studien. Der postoperative Schmerz war vergleichbar zwischen TAPP und TEP, mit Evidenz von Heterogenität und Publikationsbias. Weiterhin, signifikanten Differenzen zwischen den zwei Patientengruppen bezüglich Langzeitschmerz oder Sensibilitätsstörungen konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Eine Tendenz zugunsten der transabdominellen Technik konnte statistisch nicht bestätigt werden (6.1% versus 9.1%).
Die aktuellen Daten weisen auf vergleichbaren patientenorientierten klinischen Ergebnisse der laparoskopischen und der endoskopischen Inguinalhernienversorgung hin. Eine Tendenz für höhere Rezidivraten für die TAPP Repair sollte nicht übersehen werden, und kann auf Modifikation technischer Details hinweisen, um optimale Langzeitergebnisse den Patienten anbieten zu können. Diskrete Differenzen zwischen der transabdominellen und der präperitonealen Repair machen die Transition von einer Technik zu der anderen nicht rechtfertigt nach aktuellen Daten. Die Durchführung hochqualitativer randomisierter Studien mit längerem Follow-up ist erforderlich, um den relativen Erfolg der zwei Techniken weiter zu bewerten, in Bezug auf die Prävention von Rezidivhernien
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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