56 research outputs found
Tome n°1: Mouvements sociaux et écologie
No full textResponsable de la revue : Clément Reversé. Comité de lecture: Lauréna Haurat, Morgane Jouaret, Hyppolyte Koua, Mathilde Labrunie, Glenn Mainguy, Adrien Ostolski, Sarah Perrin. Comité de rédaction: Adrien Ostolski, Clément Reversé Entretien avec Razmig Keucheyan Place des ingénieurs au sein des luttes écologiques. De la critique des sciences et techniques à l'engagement politique, Antoine BOUZIN Nationalisme et écologisme autour de la construction de la centrale nucléaire ..
« Unique » materials for single-component organic solar cells
No full textAu cours des dernières années, le développement des cellules organiques à réseaux interpénétrés a permis d’améliorer les rendements de conversion photovoltaïque (PV). Ces dispositifs incorporent une couche active constituée d’un mélange d’un matériau donneur d’électron (D) et d’un matériau accepteur d’électron (A). La réalisation de ces cellules requiert une optimisation minutieuse de ce mélange et de la morphologie de cette couche photo-active qui en résulte. Cette dernière peut cependant évoluer spontanément vers une ségrégation de phase, généralement délétère pour les performances PV. Une solution possible, et relativement peu étudiée, consiste à lier chimiquement le donneur D et l’accepteur A par un espaceur non-conjugué. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit portent sur la synthèse et la caractérisation d’assemblages moléculaires de type D-σ-A ainsi que leur utilisation comme matériau dit « unique » pour la fabrication de cellules solaires organiques mono composant. Une première famille de dyades et triades à base d’un bloc donneur de type quaterthiophène a été étudiée. Cette partie décrit la méthodologie générale d’assemblage des blocs D et A via une réaction de cycloaddition de type Huisgen. Au cours des chapitres suivant, plusieurs dyades basées sur un bloc donneur « push-pull » ont été synthétisées puis caractérisées. Les performances PV de ces composés ont été évaluées au sein de cellules solaires mono-composant et les meilleurs rendements de conversion, atteignant 1.4 %, rivalisent avec l’état de l’art.Over the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art
Matériaux « uniques » pour cellules solaires organiques mono-composant
No full textOver the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art.Au cours des dernières années, le développement des cellules organiques à réseaux interpénétrés a permis d’améliorer les rendements de conversion photovoltaïque (PV). Ces dispositifs incorporent une couche active constituée d’un mélange d’un matériau donneur d’électron (D) et d’un matériau accepteur d’électron (A). La réalisation de ces cellules requiert une optimisation minutieuse de ce mélange et de la morphologie de cette couche photo-active qui en résulte. Cette dernière peut cependant évoluer spontanément vers une ségrégation de phase, généralement délétère pour les performances PV. Une solution possible, et relativement peu étudiée, consiste à lier chimiquement le donneur D et l’accepteur A par un espaceur non-conjugué. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit portent sur la synthèse et la caractérisation d’assemblages moléculaires de type D-σ-A ainsi que leur utilisation comme matériau dit « unique » pour la fabrication de cellules solaires organiques mono composant. Une première famille de dyades et triades à base d’un bloc donneur de type quaterthiophène a été étudiée. Cette partie décrit la méthodologie générale d’assemblage des blocs D et A via une réaction de cycloaddition de type Huisgen. Au cours des chapitres suivant, plusieurs dyades basées sur un bloc donneur « push-pull » ont été synthétisées puis caractérisées. Les performances PV de ces composés ont été évaluées au sein de cellules solaires mono-composant et les meilleurs rendements de conversion, atteignant 1.4 %, rivalisent avec l’état de l’art
Matériaux « uniques » pour cellules solaires organiques mono-composant
No full textOver the last few years, the development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) led to significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) efficiency. Such devices are based on interpenetrated networks of an electron-donor material (D) and an electron-acceptor material (A) constituting the active layer. Nevertheless a careful optimization of the morphology is required to reach high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this optimized morphology can evolve towards spontaneous phase segregation which can be detrimental for the PV performances. To circumvent these limitations, a relatively unexplored approach relies on the use of a material where the donor and the acceptor moieties are covalently linked to each other through a nonconjugated π-connector. In this context, the work reported herein describes the synthesis and characterization of various molecular D-σ-A assemblies, as well as their preliminary evaluation as “unique” material for the realisation of single component organic solar cells (SC-OSCs). A first family of dyads and triads, based on quaterthiophene moieties as donor block, was studied. A general methodology to assemble the two D and A blocks via a Huisgen-type click-chemistry is described. Then, in the next chapters, several dyads based on a “push-pull” donor block have been synthesized and characterized. The PV performances of these compounds have been evaluated in SC-OSCs leading to power conversion efficiency up to 1.4 %, a value close to the state of the art.Au cours des dernières années, le développement des cellules organiques à réseaux interpénétrés a permis d’améliorer les rendements de conversion photovoltaïque (PV). Ces dispositifs incorporent une couche active constituée d’un mélange d’un matériau donneur d’électron (D) et d’un matériau accepteur d’électron (A). La réalisation de ces cellules requiert une optimisation minutieuse de ce mélange et de la morphologie de cette couche photo-active qui en résulte. Cette dernière peut cependant évoluer spontanément vers une ségrégation de phase, généralement délétère pour les performances PV. Une solution possible, et relativement peu étudiée, consiste à lier chimiquement le donneur D et l’accepteur A par un espaceur non-conjugué. Les travaux décrits dans ce manuscrit portent sur la synthèse et la caractérisation d’assemblages moléculaires de type D-σ-A ainsi que leur utilisation comme matériau dit « unique » pour la fabrication de cellules solaires organiques mono composant. Une première famille de dyades et triades à base d’un bloc donneur de type quaterthiophène a été étudiée. Cette partie décrit la méthodologie générale d’assemblage des blocs D et A via une réaction de cycloaddition de type Huisgen. Au cours des chapitres suivant, plusieurs dyades basées sur un bloc donneur « push-pull » ont été synthétisées puis caractérisées. Les performances PV de ces composés ont été évaluées au sein de cellules solaires mono-composant et les meilleurs rendements de conversion, atteignant 1.4 %, rivalisent avec l’état de l’art
A violação aos direitos autorais na internet e nas redes sociais
No full textA Lei de Direitos Autorais (“LDA”) regula a proteção aos direitos morais e patrimoniais de autor e os a ele conexos, porém, tais direitos são violados constantemente na internet por meio de provedores de aplicação de internet, como as redes sociais. O objetivo do trabalho consiste na análise das previsões e das violações da LDA. Verifica quais violações são cometidas com frequência nas redes sociais. Analisa as possibilidades de adequação de determinadas condutas, visando, em especial, o equilíbrio entre o direito de propriedade e sua função social. Estuda os termos de uso ou de serviço e as políticas das próprias plataformas, averiguando as práticas para impedir ou cessar as violações a direitos autorais. Examina a responsabilidade dos provedores de aplicação de internet. O método utilizado na pesquisa é o bibliográfico, pois sua redação se deu com base no estudo, interpretação e análise crítica das informações contidas em livros, monografias, legislação e julgado. O resultado ao qual se chegou é a necessidade de criação de normas voltadas à proteção do direito autoral no ambiente virtual, devendo a LDA ser adequada às novas tecnologiasThe Brazilian Copyright Law rules the protection of moral and patrimonial rights of an author and related rights, however, such rights are constantly violated on the internet via internet service providers, such as the social media. The object of this work consists in the analysis of the provisions and the violations of the Brazilian Copyright Law. Verifies which violations are perpetrated more frequently on social media. Analyses the possibilities of adaptation of some conducts, aiming, especially, the balance between the property right and its social function. Study the terms of use or of service and policies of the social media, looking into the practices to prevent or cease the violation of copyright rights. Examines the responsibility of the internet service providers. The method used in the research is the bibliographical, because its writing was based on the study, interpretation and critical analysis of the information contained in books, monographs, legislation and court decision. The result reached is the necessity of the creation of rules directed to the protection of the rights of an author on the virtual environment, being a necessary task the adaptation of the Brazilian Copyright Law to the new technologie
A aplicação dos conceitos de originalidade e autoria às obras produzidas por inteligência artificial no contexto do direito autoral
No full textEste trabalho terá como objeto de estudo a análise da aplicabilidade dos conceitos de originalidade e autoria às obras produzidas por sistemas de inteligência artificial no âmbito do direito autoral. Estes conceitos são fundamentais para a proteção dos direitos autorais, uma vez que, a princípio, uma obra apenas é protegida se for considerada original, ou seja, se for uma criação intelectual completamente nova do autor. Com o surgimento e desenvolvimento das chamadas inteligências artificiais, os papeis da originalidade e da autoria humana das obras se tornaram questionáveis, tendo em vista a utilização de bancos de dados compostos de obras pré-existentes, limitando o papel humano no processo de criação ao envio de um mero comando. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho pretende analisar o papel da criatividade humana no processo de criação de obras geradas por inteligência artificialThis work will analyze the applicability of the concept of originality and authorship to works produced by artificial intelligence systems in the context of copyright. These concepts are fundamental to copyright´s protection given that, in theory, a piece of work is only protected if it is considered original, that is, if it is a completely new creation of the author. With the emergence and development of so-called artificial intelligences, the role of originality of works has become questionable, in view of the use of databases composed of preexisting works, limiting the human role in the creation process to sending a mere command. Thus, the present study intends to analyze the role of human creativity in the process of creating works generated by artificial intelligenc
Hybridization of electrical energy storage for intelligent integration of photovoltaics in electric networks
No full textInternational audienc
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Simple Photoactive Materials for Single Component Organic Solar Cells
No full textInternational audienc
Linearized electrodynamics and stabilization of a cold magnetized plasma
No full textWe consider a linearized Euler–Maxwell model for the propagation and absorption of electromagnetic waves in a magnetized plasma. We present the derivation of the model, and we show its well-posedeness, its strong and polynomial stability under suitable and fairly general assumptions, its exponential stability in the same conditions as the Maxwell system, and finally its convergence to the time-harmonic regime. No homogeneity assumption is made, and the topological and geometrical assumptions on the domain are minimal. These results appear strongly linked to the spectral properties of various matrices describing the anisotropy and other plasma properties
Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Storage System Associated to PV Sources and Supervised by Fuzzy Logic Power Management
No full text- …
