152 research outputs found
LUCA, ses contemporains et leurs virus, 20 ans après / LUCA, its contemporaries and their viruses: 20 years after
No full textSéminaire organisé par Patrick Forterre, David Prangishvili et Mart Krupovic (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) du 9 au 14 mai 2016 Participants Tamara Basta-Le Berre, Ryan Catchpole, Violette Da Cunha, Matthias Fischer, Patrick Forterre, Georges E. Fox, Morgan Gaia, Manolo Gouy, Matti Jalasvuori, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Carlos Mariscal, Armen Y. Mulkidjanian, Jacques Oberto, Anthony M. Poole, David Prangishvili Et François-Xavier Vives et Arnaud Mansir pour Transparences Production R..
The relationship between cardiac inflammation and substrate metabolism
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
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Comparison of secondary neutron dose from 10 MV intensity modulated radiation therapy and volume modulated arc therapy
Get PDFPhotoneutron contamination produced during high-energy, external beam radiotherapy can contribute to total patient dose. This aspect of unwanted dose is not currently evaluated for patients undergoing radiation therapy. While multiple studies have examined the neutron dose from beams with energies above 10 MeV, research assessing neutron dose from a 10 MV beams is sparse. Additionally, no studies have assessed the neutron dose from volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or compared to that of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). A series of physical measurements were performed using neutron bubble dosimeters to determine neutron dose per Gy photon dose for field sizes 0x0 cm², 5x5 cm², and 10x10 cm² on a Varian Trilogy linac operating at 10 MV. These measurements were compared to photoneutron production simulated with a simplified model of the linac head using MCNP5. The simulations predicted within 6% of the measured dose for the 5x5 field and within 3% for the 10x10 field, however over predicted over 600% for the closed field. This indicates that the simplified model is not appropriate for small field neutron dose calculations but may be a good starting point for more complete models.
Additional measurements were collected for clinically representative IMRT and VMAT plans designed to treat the same prostate tumor. Total neutron dose was higher 14.6% for the IMRT plan, which was less than expected based on the total delivered monitoring units and may be related to different average field sizes for the two treatments. This under-prediction of neutron dose suggests that neutron dose estimates should be independently assessed for the different modalities
Author Correction: The IDEAL framework for surgical robotics: development, comparative evaluation and long-term monitoring
No full textIn the version of the article initially published, three authors were missing from The IDEAL Robotics Colloquium. Art Sedrakyan (Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA), Joel Horowitz (Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY, USA) and Arsenio Paez (Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada) have all been added in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</p
Formation and evolution of dust and molecules in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A
Get PDFThis PhD thesis addresses the formation of molecules and dust in the ejecta of supernovae (SNe) of Type IIb and in their following reprocessing by shocks in the supernova remnant (SNR), with a focus on the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) remnant. Cas A is a young (∼300 years), close by (3.4 kpc) SNR, where the reverse shock is currently reprocessing the material formed after the SN explosion. Recent observation of dust and molecules with Herschel and ALMA in Cas A, as well as in the young SNR 1987A pose the question whether SNe and SNRs are efficient dust providers to the galaxy. It is not clear how much dust is formed in SNe ejecta, as well as how much is destroyed by the inward reverse shock during the remnant phase. High dust mass are inferred from the reddening of quasars at high redshift, pointing to SNe as the main source of dust at early times. At the moment, theory and observations disagree on the amount of dust formed in SNe ejecta, with lower dust masses observed than predicted by theories.
In this thesis, we want to assess how much dust and molecules form in Cas A ejecta, and how much survive the reprocessing by the reverse shock, in order to infer if SNe Type IIb are dust providers or destroyers.
We first model the SN ejecta chemistry to identify the molecules and dust clusters that form after the explosion and are reprocessed by the reverse shock. We find that Cas A progenitor could have formed large quantities of molecules and dust only in a dense ejecta involving clumps. We then model the impact of the reverse shock on oxygen and carbon-rich ejecta clumps, considering various reverse shock speeds and investigating the post-shock chemistry. We found that the reverse shock destroys the molecules and clusters present in the O-rich clump. CO reforms in the post shock gas with abundances that concur with recent Herschel observations of shocked clumps in Cas A. We derive a dust size distribution for the ejecta of the Cas A progenitor, and investigate the effect of different reverse shock velocities on this dust size distribution. After the clump disruption by the reverse shock, we investigate dust reprocessing by the hot interclump medium. Results show that medium- and large-sized grains in clumps survive the reverse shock and that small dust clusters do not efficiently reform in the shocked gas. This result indicates that the dust formed in the SN ejecta and destroyed by the reverse shock is unable to reform from the gas phase in the SN remnant. Once the grains are released in the hot interclump medium, small grains are quickly destroyed, while only the larger ones survive. Oxide grains are almost completely destroyed, pointing to the inability of SN Type IIb to contribute significantly to the galactic dust budget. Large grains, with radius ∼ 1 micron (such as formed in Type IIP SNe) are required to survive the remnant phase. Carbon and silicon carbide grains are more resistant, and survive even at smaller radii. SNRs with dense clumps and dust grain size distributions including large grains can be significant contributors to the dust budget in the early as well as in the local universe
Assessment and interpretation of vitamin and trace element status in sick children: a position paper from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology Committee in Nutrition
Get PDFAssessment of vitamin and trace element status (VTE) is important in the clinical management of the sick child. In this position paper, we present the various assessment methods available to the clinical practitioner, and critically discuss pitfalls with interpretation of their results. There are 4 main approaches to assess the VTE body status of an individual patient including clinical examination, dietary assessment, and measurement of direct and indirect biomarkers of VTE in biological samples. Clinical signs of VTE deficiencies usually present only when body stores are substantially depleted and are often difficult to detect or differentiate from other nonnutrient-related causes. In isolation, dietary assessment of micronutrients can be inaccurate and imprecise, in disease and in individual patient assessment but may be useful to complement findings from other VTE assessment methods. Use of biomarkers is the most common approach to assess VTE status in routine practice but in the presence of systemic inflammatory response and in the absence of appropriate paediatric reference intervals, interpretation of biomarker results might be challenging and potentially mislead clinical practice. The use of a multimodal approach, including clinical examination, dietary assessment, and laboratory biomarkers is proposed as the optimal way to ascertain the VTE status of individual patients. In the presence of acute inflammatory conditions, VTE measurements in plasma should be replaced by biomarkers not affected by systemic inflammatory response or delayed until inflammatory state is resolved
Live, audio-visual communication systems for distance learning: experience, heuristics, and ISDN
Get PDFThis paper collates some of the experience of managers, tutors
and learners who have used live, audio-visual communication systems for
distance learning. Eight design heuristics are abstracted from this
experience and used to reason about how digital communications could
make LIVENET more effective. The heuristics are: (i) encourage other
(non-training) uses for the communications network; (ii) encourage the
participation of otherwise unavailable experts; (iii) exploit visual images,
both to communicate information and to support information
communicated presented verbally; (iv) avoid technology-induced,
inequable opportunity for learning; (v) encourage analogies with face-toface
learning modes, rather than conventional television and home video;
(vi) help users to find out about other participants and what they are able
to see and hear; (vii) actively encourage interaction; and (viii) reassure
tutors that the apparent intrusiveness of the technology is just an initial
impression
Transported to Botany Bay Class, National Identity, and the Literary Figure of the Australian Convict
No full textIn analyzing depictions of Australian convicts in novels, broadsides, and first-person accounts, Dorice Williams Elliott demonstrates how Britain linked class, race, and national identity at a key historical moment when it was still negotiating its relationship with its empire.Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Convict Transportation to Australia -- National Identity and Social Class -- Imagining an Australian Identity -- The Literary Figure of the Convict in Australia -- One: Dickens and the Transported Convict -- Great Expectations -- Household Words -- Two: Englishness and the Working Class inTransportation Broadsides -- The Cultural Work of the Broadsides -- Broadside Ballads and Their Tunes -- The Visual Impact of the Broadsides -- Full-Sheet Broadsides and Levels of Literacy -- The (Mistaken) Land of Exile -- Three: Writing Convicts and Hybrid Genres -- The Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux -- Convict-Authored Novels -- Quintus Servinton -- Ralph Rashleigh -- Four: The Transported Convict Novel -- The English Convict Novel as a Genre -- The Working-Class Woman Convict:The History of Margaret Catchpole -- G. P. R. James's The Convict: A Tale -- Charles Reade's It Is Never Too Late to Mend -- Five: Convict Servants and Genteel Mistresses in Women's Convict Fiction -- George Eliot's Adam Bede -- Mary Vidal and "The Convict Laundress" -- Caroline Leakey's The Broad Arrow -- Eliza Winstanley's For Her Natural Life -- Six: After Transportation:Three Approaches -- Marcus Clarke's His Natural Life -- Anthony Trollope's Harry Heathcote of Gangoil -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Dickens and the Transported Convict -- Chapter 2: Englishness and the Working Class in Transportation Broadsides -- Chapter 3: Writing Convicts and Hybrid Genres -- CChapter 4: The Transported Convict Novel -- Chapter 5: Convict Servants and Genteel Mistresses -- Chapter 6: After Transportation -- Epilogue -- Selected Bibliography -- IndexIn analyzing depictions of Australian convicts in novels, broadsides, and first-person accounts, Dorice Williams Elliott demonstrates how Britain linked class, race, and national identity at a key historical moment when it was still negotiating its relationship with its empire.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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