760 research outputs found
Systembedrohung vs. Systemerhaltung als Beweggründe zur Unterstützung von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen
No full textAnslinger J, Athenstaedt U, Corcoran K. Systembedrohung vs. Systemerhaltung als Beweggründe zur Unterstützung von Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen. Presented at the 12th Conference of the Austrian Society for Psychology, Innsbruck
Innovative Strategien für die forensische Molekularbiologie: Erweiterung des Informationsgewinns aus Tatortspuren
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet die verschiedenen Analyseschritte der forensischen Molekulargenetik und zeigt, dass durch Modifikationen und Anwendung innovativer Methoden der Informationsgewinn aus Tatortspuren deutlich erweitert werden kann.
Es wird gezeigt, dass die Kombination aus differentieller Lyse und direkter PCR eine Darstellung vollständiger STR-Profile aus Spuren, die typischer Weise in Fällen sexualisierter Gewalt vorkommen erlaubt. Die Analyse wird zeitsparender und Anteile männlicher DNA in diesen Spuren können im Vergleich zur konventionellen Spurenanalyse erfolgreicher dargestellt werden.
Es wird weiter gezeigt, dass alternative Methoden zur Quantifizierung der DNA das Potential bieten DNA-Degradierung besser abbilden und einschätzen zu können. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit Analysemethoden optimal an die Qualität der Spur anzupassen. Bezüglich der Qualität der Spur wird zudem dargestellt, dass eine wärmere und trockenere Lagerung von Blutproben über längere Zeiträume einen positiven Einfluss auf die Degradierung der DNA haben kann.
Die Anwendung der sogenannten LATE-PCR an Proben mit geringem DNA-Gehalt bietet die Möglichkeit derartige Proben erfolgreicher amplifizieren zu können. Dieses Potential wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand eines STR-Merkmalssystems demonstriert. Eine der wohl wichtigsten Fragen in der forensischen Fallarbeit ist die nach der Liegezeit einer Tatortspur (TsD). In dieser Arbeit werden durch ein WGS potentielle Marker identifiziert, die sich zur Einschätzung der TsD eignen könnten. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit führen dazu, dass Analyseschritte so angepasst werden können und innovative Methoden so eingesetzt werden können, dass der Informationsgewinn aus Tatortspuren merklich erhöht wird
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Resilience as a positive lever: An analysis of sensemaking and meaningful work in the context of organizational change
No full textAuthor Katja SchwarzMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
"Meghillàt Estèr". Toward a Transcultural Concept of Religion in Katja Petrowskaja\u27s Novel Vielleicht Esther
No full textIl presente contributo intende rileggere il romanzo Vielleicht Esther (2014) di Katja Petrowskaja proponendo come chiave di lettura la Meghillàt Estèr della Bibbia ebraica. Si vuole dimostrare come, attraverso questo implicito ma preciso riferimento intertestuale, l’autrice affronti nel romanzo anche una riflessione su una possibile transreligione capace di rispecchiare il contesto transculturale contemporaneo.This contribution analyzes Katja Petrowskaja’s novel Vielleicht Esther (2014) by proposing the Megillàt Estèr from the Hebrew Bible as a key interpretative lens. The aim is to demonstrate how, through this subtle yet deliberate intertextual reference, the author weaves into the novel a reflection on the notion of a transreligion, one that resonates with and articulates the complexities of our contemporary transcultural landscape
Casanovas are liars : behavioral syndromes, sperm competition risk, and the evolution of deceptive male mating behavior in live-bearing fishes [version 2; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
No full textMale reproductive biology can by characterized through competition over mates as well as mate choice. Multiple mating and male mate choice copying, especially in internally fertilizing species, set the stage for increased sperm competition, i.e., sperm of two or more males can compete for fertilization of the female’s ova. In the internally fertilizing fish Poecilia mexicana, males respond to the presence of rivals with reduced expression of mating preferences (audience effect), thereby lowering the risk of by-standing rivals copying their mate choice. Also, males interact initially more with a non-preferred female when observed by a rival, which has been interpreted in previous studies as a strategy to mislead rivals, again reducing sperm competition risk (SCR). Nevertheless, species might differ consistently in their expression of aggressive and reproductive behaviors, possibly due to varying levels of SCR. In the current study, we present a unique data set comprising ten poeciliid species (in two cases including multiple populations) and ask whether species can be characterized through consistent differences in the expression of aggression, sexual activity and changes in mate choice under increased SCR. We found consistent species-specific differences in aggressive behavior, sexual activity as well as in the level of misleading behavior, while decreased preference expression under increased SCR was a general feature of all but one species examined. Furthermore, mean sexual activity correlated positively with the occurrence of potentially misleading behavior. An alternative explanation for audience effects would be that males attempt to avoid aggressive encounters, which would predict stronger audience effects in more aggressive species. We demonstrate a positive correlation between mean aggressiveness and sexual activity (suggesting a hormonal link as a mechanistic explanation), but did not detect a correlation between aggressiveness and audience effects. Suites of correlated behavioral tendencies are termed behavioral syndromes, and our present study provides correlational evidence for the evolutionary significance of SCR in shaping a behavioral syndrome at the species level across poeciliid taxa
Prognoses on DNA-based identification success rates of altered human remains using capillary electrophoresis and Next Generation Sequencing technologies
No full textThe DNA-based identification success of altered human remains relies on the condition of the collected tissue sample and the associated DNA quantity and quality. Due to tissue-specific differences in post-mortem DNA stability, sampling of the best-suited biological material is essential for successful and rapid identification. However, a large variety and partly contradicting recommendations on optimal material have been published so far. The observed insecurity in sampling strategies revealed the need for a broad and systematic approach in predicting short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping success rates in a wide range of tissue types. Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis was to improve the DNA-based identification success of altered corpses by presenting novel recommendations and guidance for optimal tissue sampling according to the condition of the body.
First, the current situation of identification processes in forensics casework was assessed by a retrospective study on the identification success of 402 altered human corpses over seven years (project I). The evaluation of medical as well as genetic reports revealed an increase in the examination of highly and profoundly decomposed corpses and challenges in molecular analyses of degraded and inhibited samples from altered remains. By comparing the number of successive and parallel PCR amplifications, the most unpredictable typing success and highest number of additional analyses were observed in muscle and bone samples. A comparison with previously published studies highlighted the challenges and insecurity in tissue sampling and the need for standardized guidelines.
Furthermore, during project II, the reliability of novel DNA sequencing methods was assessed by validating the MiSeq FGx system for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of casework samples and optimizing the sequencing workflow for samples of altered remains. The extensive evaluation of sensitivity, concordance to currently used methods and reproducibility, among others, displayed the technology as robust and implementable in forensic routine casework. Additionally, the applicability of phenotype and biogeographic ancestry prediction was demonstrated in challenging samples of altered corpses. However, as the optimization results revealed, an additional PCR purification step, an increased pooling volume and a reduction of adapter volumes for DNA input concentrations ≥ 31.2 pg is recommended for sequencing highly degraded and inhibited samples.
Finally, based on the outcomes of projects I and II, the multicentre study concludes with the presentation of novel recommendations on alteration-specific optimal tissue types for first-attempt identification of altered human remains in project III. By providing an easy and rapid scoring system, a precise assessment of the corpse alteration progress is enabled. Furthermore, the systematic approach included the comparison of DNA quantity, integrity and resulting STR profile completeness in an exceptional high number of 1698 DNA extracts from 949 samples of 19 different tissue types. Thereby, standard capillary electrophoresis as well as forthcoming NGS methods were used and the impact of DNA extraction methods was assessed. The final and first-time prognoses on genotyping success of a wide range of tissues separated for two DNA extraction methods (purifying and non-purifying) and two sets of STR loci (22 loci and 16 loci of the extended European Standard Set) provide guidance that improves the first-attempt DNA-based identification success of altered corpses
Analiza jezika vrednotenja v knjižnih recenzijah: študija primera
No full textThis master’s thesis presents an analysis of appraisal in the case of ten book reviews. Their selection is based on several criteria that make them representative of this text type. The selected texts evaluate novels, novellas and short stories that were ranked top 300 according to the Open Syllabus Project 2.0 online data base. This means that they fall into the category of the most often assigned books in educational institutions. The authors of the selected texts are editors, journalists and writers, and there is an even number of male and female reviewers. The purpose of the study is the appraisal analysis of the contemporary English languagetherefore, only the recently published texts were selected.
The main methodology used in this master’s thesis is the appraisal theory developed by James Martin and Peter White (Martin and White). This theory evolved in the systemic functional linguistics, and it relies on the theoretical concepts of Michael Halliday (Halliday). The appraisal analysis was conducted with help of the analytical tool Catma 5.0, which enables annotation of texts, their analysis and the visualization of data.
The results of the research show that the most frequently used attitudinal resources are the expressions of appreciation. Therefore, the evaluation of the story and everything associated with it is in the foreground of the book reviews. The analysis of the selected texts reveals that evaluation is mostly explicit, meaning that the reader is directly invited to engage with the book. The findings indicate that the attitudinal resources are graded more according to intensity and quantity and less according to prototypicality and marginality. This conclusion draws attention to the variety of lexical and grammatical structures in the selected texts that are assumed to be characteristic of this text type in general. The results also show that the reviewers do not include many external sources into the text, which consequently narrows down the dialogistic space and excludes alternative views and attitudes.
The appraisal analysis points toward the text-structural and semantic characteristics of book reviews in general. The structure of the selected texts consists of the following elements: information about the author and the book, the plot summary and evaluation of these elements, which are often intertwined. Some reviews also include personal accounts, book details and/or numeric ratings. The most significant semantic characteristic of evaluation expressed in the selected book reviews is the critique of the Western oppressor. The reviewers judge crimes against humanity and question Western perspectives. They also imply the complicity of the readers because they are viewed as members of the Western identity. Additionally, the results of the analysis show that the book reviews are contextual and intertextual text types, which include various means for the realization of appraisal. A vast spectrum of lexical and grammatical structures makes book reviews an interesting research topic with many possibilities for further research.Pričujoča magistrska naloga se ukvarja z analizo jezika vrednotenja na primeru desetih knjižnih recenzij. Njihov izbor temelji na več kriterijih, ki prispevajo k reprezentativnosti te besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vrednotijo romane, novele in kratke zgodbe, ki so uvrščene med najboljših 300 v spletni podatkovni bazi Open Syllabus Project 2.0. To pomeni, da spadajo v kategorijo najpogosteje dodeljenih knjig v izobraževalnih ustanovah. Avtorji izbranega korpusa so uredniki, novinarji in pisatelji, med katerimi sta oba spola zastopana v enakem številu. Izbrana so bila le besedila, objavljena pred kratkim, saj je predmet magistrskega dela analiza vrednotenja sodobnega angleškega jezika.
Glavna metodologija, ki je uporabljena v magistrski nalogi, je teorija vrednotenja, ki sta jo razvila James Martin in Peter White (Martin in White). Teorija je bila osnovana znotraj sistemskega funkcionalnega jezikoslovja in se nanaša na teoretične koncepte Michaela Hallidayja (Halliday). Analiza jezika vrednotenja se je izvedla s pomočjo analitičnega orodja Catma 5.0, ki omogoča komentiranje besedil, njihovo analizo in vizualizacijo podatkov.
Rezultati analize kažejo, da so najbolj številčni primeri sredstev vrednotenja primeri presoje oz. odnosa do stanj, procesov in entitet (ang. appreciation). Iz tega izhaja, da je vrednotenje zgodbe in vsega, kar je z njo povezanega, v ospredju knjižnih recenzij. Nadalje analiza razkriva, da je vrednotenje v večji meri neposredno in je bralec direktno povabljen k branju knjige. Jezikovna sredstva odnosa (ang. attitude) se v izbranih besedilih stopnjujejo bolj glede na stopnjo in količino in manj glede na prototipičnost in marginalnost. Rezultati kažejo tudi, da recenzenti ne vključujejo veliko zunanjih virov v besedila in posledično zaprejo dialoški prostor za drugačne vidike in stališča.
Analiza jezika vrednotenja opozarja tudi na nekatere besedilno strukturne in semantične značilnosti knjižnih recenzij kot besedilne vrste. Izbrana besedila vsebujejo informacije o avtorju in knjigi, obnovo zgodbe ter ovrednotenje omenjenih elementov, ki se velikokrat prepletajo. Nekatere recenzije vsebujejo še osebne pripovedi, podrobnosti o knjigi in/ali numerično oceno. Najpomembnejša tematska značilnost vrednotenja v izbranih knjižnih recenzijah je kritika zahodnega zatiralca. Recenzenti obsojajo zločine proti človeštvu in dvomijo v zahodnjaške poglede, ki jih očitajo tudi bralcu, v katerem vidijo pripadnika omenjene identitete. Poleg tega rezultati analize kažejo, da so knjižne recenzije sobesedilna in medbesedilna vrsta, v kateri je vrednotenje realizirano na mnogo načinov. Obravnavana besedila in knjižne recenzije na splošno vsebujejo širok spekter leksikalnih in slovničnih struktur, zaradi česar predstavljajo zanimivo raziskovalno temo
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