91 research outputs found
Suling Dewa Sebagai Identitas Simbolik Masyarakat Sasak Kuto-Kute di Karang Bajo Bayan Lombok Utara
No full textThis study aims to identify the role of Suling Dewa as a symbolic identity of the Karang Bajo community, North Lombok. The groups living in Bayan have different backgrounds. This phenomenon becomes interesting when among the four community groups in Wet Bayan, only the Karang Bajo people present different symbolic values for the existence of Suling Dewa. This theory used in this study is the theory of Burke and Jan E. Stets which states that identity is formed through symbols and the meaning of symbols as a perception. To see how the ideological reflection the author also refers to Thomson's opinion on ideology and the use of symbolic forms and the attraction between interpretation, self-reflection, and identity criticism. This research identifies that the background predicate as spiritualists in the Karang Bajo community is a fundamental substance that gives birth to a symbolic identity of a supernatural bridge in Suling Dewa
Propensity Scoring after Multiple Imputation in a Retrospective Study on Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Lymph-Node Positive Vulvar Cancer
No full textPropensity scoring (PS) is an established tool to account for measured confounding in non-randomized studies. These methods are sensitive to missing values, which are a common problem in observational data. The combination of multiple imputation of missing values and different propensity scoring techniques is addressed in this work. For a sample of lymph node-positive vulvar cancer patients, we re-analyze associations between the application of radiotherapy and disease-related and non-related survival. Inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and PS stratification are applied after multiple imputation by chained equation (MICE). Methodological issues are described in detail. Interpretation of the results and methodological limitations are discussed
Heart weight must not be measured before dissection during autopsies
No full textDuring autopsies, weighing the heart is a standard procedure. In addition to myocardial pathologies, heart size, and ventricular wall thickness, heart weight is a common parameter to describe cardiac pathology and should be recorded as accurately as possible. To date, there exists no standard for recording heart weight at autopsy, although some authors recommend weighing the heart after dissection and removal of blood and blood clots. In the study presented, the hearts of 58 decedents were weighed after being dissected out of the pericardial sac (a), after dissection using the short-axis or inflow-outflow method with manual removal of blood and blood clots (b), and after rinsing and drying (c). Depending on the dissection method, the heart weight was 7.8% lower for the inflow-outflow method and 11.6% lower for the short-axis method after dissection compared to before and correspondingly 2.9% to 5% lower again after rinsing and drying respectively. Accordingly, the heart should be dissected, blood and blood clots removed, rinsed with water, and dried with a surgical towel after dissection, before weighing.Full Tex
Pengaruh Variasi Metode Pengeringan Daun Jeruk Purut Terhadap Rendemen dan Komposisi Minyak Atsiri Hasil Penyulingan Uap
No full textMinyak daun jeruk purut merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri komoditas Indonesia
yang dihasilkan melalui penyulingan uap. Pada penyulingan uap, pengeringan bahan
baku merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi rendemen dan kualitas minyak atsiri.
Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi metode
pengeringan daun jeruk purut terhadap rendemen dan komposisi minyak atsiri yang
dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode penyulingan uap. Sampel berupa daun jeruk
purut yang diperoleh dari Pasar Besar Kota Malang dipisahkan dari pengotor dan
dikeringkan dengan metode shade drying, hot air drying, dan vacuum drying hingga
kadar airnya mencapai 15±2%. Seperangkat alat penyulingan yang digunakan terdiri
dari ketel suling, kondensor dan penampung distilat. Di dalam ketel suling terdapat
saringan berlubang yang memisahkan antara ruang bagian bawah yang berisi air
dengan ruang bagian atas yang berisi daun jeruk purut. Proses penyulingan dilakukan
pada tekanan atmosferik selama 6 jam. Make up water (T=98°C) ditambahkan ke
dalam ketel suling setiap 1 jam setelah air dalam ketel suling mendidih hingga proses
penyulingan berakhir. Distilat hasil penyulingan uap ditampung dan dipisahkan
menggunakan separating flask. Selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan vakum untuk
memperoleh minyak daun jeruk purut.
Rendemen minyak daun jeruk purut yang dihasillkan pada metode shade drying,
hot air drying, dan vacuum drying berturut-turut sebesar 1,087%, 0,888% dan 1,222%
dengan nilai massa jenis rata-rata sebesar 0,855 gram/ml. Variasi metode pengeringan
berpengaruh terhadap komposisi minyak daun jeruk purut yang dihasilkan. Jumlah
komponen yang teridentifikasi pada metode shade drying adalah 21 komponen,
metode hot air drying sejumlah 19 komponen dan metode vacuum drying sejumlah 21
komponen. Metode vacuum drying merupakan metode pengeringan yang optimal
dilihat dari kadar absolut komponen sitronelal yang tertinggi yaitu 64,31%
Parental literacy, parent-child relationship, family environment and perceived emotional competence among preschool children in China: Inputs to an enhanced curriculum in family education
No full textAbstract onlyThis study used descriptive-correlational research design to analyze the extent of parental literacy, parent-child relationship, family environment, and perceived emotional competence among preschool children in Shangqiu City, China for school year 2021--2022 as inputs to an enhanced curriculum in family education. Relationships among the variables were also sought. The data of parents and teachers of 396 preschool children in four kindergartens in Shangqiu city were collected through a survey. The analysis showed that there are more male among the preschool children of Shangqiu City, the number of children in three age groups are roughly the same, and nearly one half of respondents’ parents have college education. The level of parental literacy is high, while the level of parent-child relationship, family environment and perceived emotional competence are at moderate level. There are significant relationships between parental educational attainment, parental occupation, and parental literacy, and family environment, however, there is no significant relationship between parent-child relationship and perceived emotional competence among children. Perceived emotional competence increases with the increase of children's age, but there is no significant relationship between children's gender and the four variables. Parental literacy, parent-child relationship, and family environment are significantly correlated with perceived emotional competence among preschool children, among which, parent-child relationship and family environment are positively correlated with them. The family education curriculum in Shangqiu city is still in the primary stage, and there is no perfect family education curriculum system, which is far from meeting the needs of parents for family education knowledge and skills.Includes bibliographical referencesDoctor of Education (with specialization in Curriculum and Instruction
The role of meaning in life in community-dwelling older adults with depression and relationship to other risk factors
No full textObjectives: The aims of this study were to examine the association of Meaning in Life (MiL) with sociodemographic and physical factors, and its association with depression in older people. Method: A cross-sectional survey with a sample of N = 2104 older adults from communities of four European countries was conducted, using an age-appropriate interview for the diagnosis of depression and the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) questionnaire to assess MiL. Results: Overall, MiL was particularly low in old male participants, in older people from Ferrara (Italy), those with a lower religious affiliation, fewer social contacts, and poorer physical health. Furthermore, younger old age (65-69 compared to 80-84 year olds), female gender, being married, living in Geneva and poorer physical health were significantly associated with a higher risk for depression. In addition, lower MiL significantly increased the likelihood to suffer from depression in older people. An interaction effect of study center and MiL also emerged: with decreasing MiL the risk for depression significantly increases in Hamburg compared to the other study centers. Conclusion: This study underlines the association of MiL and depression in old age. Integration of meaning-specific aspects in treatment for older adults with depression may be promising
Hierarchically textured silicon surfaces: fabrication, characterization and device applications
No full textPh.D.Crystalline silicon has long been established as the material of choice for the microelectronics industry. In order to enhance the functionality and broaden the applications of crystalline silicon, there have been extensive research efforts on creating micro-/nano-structures on silicon surface. The thesis is to explore the superhydrophobic properties and surface chemistry of engineering silicon surfaces, further with a special focus on the hybrid schottky heterojunction solar cell based on silicon nanowire (SiNWs) substrates and conjugated conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) to study the performance characterization and charge carrier transportation mechanism.In the first part of the thesis, we firstly designed and fabricated silicon pyramids, silicon nanowires and a series of new hierarchical structures through a silver (Ag) nanoparticle-assisted HF/HNO3 etching process. Our etching process generates an interesting zigzag morphology with the directional orientation of (110)-(100)-(110) on the pyramid structures. Furthermore, we found a strong dependence of the nanowire morphology on the HNO3 concentration. This renders the hierarchical structures tunable, allowing us to carry out further analysis on formation mechanism and the structure-property correlations. The superhydrophobicity of the hierarchical structures is characterized, and the results can be well correlated with a theoretical model related to transitions between the Wenzel and Cassie contact states.In the second part of thesis, we firstly improve the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film by CuSCN doping to enhance the performance of planar silicon based solar cell. It was shown that the device doped with CuSCN shows 26% higher PCE because of higher PEDOT: PSS film conductivity and therefore lower saturation current density, which is thus beneficial for larger FF, Voc and better ideality factor of device. Then, we further introduce the inorganic hole-transporting layer, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), between SiNW (include as-fabricated SiNW and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) treated SiNW) and PEDOT: PSS layer to improve junction quality. It is shown that CuSCN can well cover the SiNW surface due to the easy penetration of its solution into the silicon nanostructure. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells has been dramatically improved from 7.68% (for as-fabricated SiNW/PEDOT:PSS devices) to 10.5% (for as-fabricated SiNW/CuSCN/PEDOT:PSS devices), and from 10.75% (for TMAH treated SiNW/PEDOT:PSS devices) to 12.24% (for TMAH treated SiNW/CuSCN/PEDOT:PSS devices), demonstrating the double hole-transporting layers is very promising to improve the PEDOT:PSS-nanostructured silicon junction quality.In the third part of the thesis, we study and compare the interface processes of H2O molecules adsorbed on the silicon (100) and silicon (111) surfaces by using electrochemical devices based on silicon (100), silicon (111) and silicon pyramid substrates. The silicon pyramidal substrates are fabricated by KOH etching silicon (100) in order to present the crystal face of silicon (111). We firstly compare their electrochemical performances and found that silicon (111) and silicon pyramid based device displays ultrahigh discharge rate than silicon (100) based device. Then we simulate these electrochemical processes by theoretical calculation which agrees well with experimental results and further demonstrates that the electrochemical performances are mainly attributed to the H2O molecules absorbed on the charged silicon surfaces because they are easily polarized near the charged silicon surfaces. The calculation results also present that the crystal face of (111) is prone to absorb more polarized H2O molecules than crystal face of (100) especially at high scan rate. In addition, we further analyze the capacitive ability of silicon (100) and silicon pyramid based devices and find that silicon pyramidal device performs better than silicon (100) based device.晶體矽一直是微電子工業的最佳材料選擇。為了增強晶體矽的功能並且拓寬它的應用領域，研究者們集中巨大的精力在晶體矽表面來創造微納結構。本論文主要探索了晶體矽的表面化工程及其超疏水和表面化學的性能，進一步主要研究了矽納米線和共軛導電聚合物PEDOT：PSS雜化肖特基異質結太陽能電池，並且對太陽能電池的性能和激子傳輸機理等進行了研究。論文第一部分，通過銀納米顆粒輔助的氫氟酸/硝酸的刻蝕過程，我們首先設計並合成了矽基的金字塔，矽基的納米線以及一系列新的二級結構。刻蝕過程在金字塔的斜面上產生了非常有趣的鋸齒形態的形貌，鋸齒結構的晶體面是沿著（110）-（100）-（110）變化另外，我們發現硝酸的濃度會嚴重影響納米線的形態，這種特性使得我們可以調節二級結構的形態並且可以進一步分析結構形成機理以及結構-性能關係。我們表徵了二級結構的超疏水性能，並且用一個理論轉變模型很好地關聯了超疏水的結構數據。論文的第二部分，我們首先通過CuSCN摻雜來提高PEDOT：PSS膜的導電性進而增強平面矽太陽能電池的性能。結果顯示摻雜之後的器件效率有了26％的提高，這是因為更高的膜導電性會導致更好的器件參數。然後我們進一步把無機的空穴傳輸材料CuSCN引入納米線的矽和PEDOT：PSS之間，來增強異質結的質量。結果顯示CuSCN可以很容易的完全覆蓋矽納米線的表面，這是因為CuSCN溶液很容易進入納米結構的縫隙之間。加入CuSCN層之後，兩種矽基太陽能電池性能都有很大提高。新刻蝕的納米線基太陽能電池性能從7.68％提高到10.5％的TMAH處理過的納米線基太陽電池性能從10.75％提高到12.24％。這些數據表明CuSCN在提高PEDOT：PSS-納米結構的矽基異質結方面很有潛力。論文的第三部分，我們利用電化學器件分析和對比了水分子吸附在矽（100）和矽（111）晶面上的界面過程。矽的金字塔結構是通過氫氧化鉀刻蝕矽（100）而形成的並且其晶面是矽的（111）。我們首先對比了它們的電化學性能發現矽（111）和矽的金字塔結構展現出超快的充放電性能。然後我們計算模擬了這些電化學過程，模擬結構和實驗數據符合良好。並且計算結果進一步揭示了這些電化學性能主要是由於水分子吸附在矽的表面而產生，因為水分子很容易在矽表面發生極化。計算結果進一步表明矽（111）比矽（100）在高掃速下更容易吸附極化的水分子。我們也進一步分析了這些器件的電容能力發現矽金字塔的結構表現更好。Shen, Suling.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-140).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 16, October, 2019)
Uji Antifertilitas Pada Mencit Betina Dan Skrining Kandungan Kimia Secara Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Dari Fraksi Fraksi n-Batunol Rebusan Daun Mojo (Aegle Marmelos L. Corr)
No full textPengendalian jumlah penduduk dan angka pertumbuhan sangat penting bagi keberhasilan pembangunan bangsa. Berdasarkan literatur, daun Aegle Marmelos disebutkan dapat digunakan untuk mencegah kehamilan. Hal ini telah dibuktikan dengan menggunakan infusa daun Aegle Marmelos kadar 20% ternyata
mempunyai efek antifertilitas.
Pada uji ulang menggunakan rebusan daun Aegle Marmelos kadar 20% terbukti pula mempunyai efek antifertilitas. Mengingat terdapat berbagai macam golongan senyawa yang terkandung didalamnya, maka penulis tertarik untuk
meneliti golongan senyawa apa yang mempunyai efek antifertilitas dan dilakukan fraksinasi berdasarkan kepolarannya. Dalam hal ini penulis ingin membuktikan
apakah fraksi n-butanol mempunyai efek sebagai fertilitas karena mungkin senyawa-senyawa tersebut larut dalam n-butanol dengan menggunakan metode perhitungan janin.
Pada penelitian ini dipakai binatang percobaan mencit sebanyak 20 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi suspensi Avicell pH-l0l dan CMC Na dalam air suling dengan dosis sebanyak 0,1 ml/30 gram BB dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi suspensi fraksi n-butanor dari rebusan daun Aegle marmelos dengan kadar 20% dosis 0 5 ml/30 gram BB yang diberikan secara oral pada mencit selama enam hari sebelum perkawinan dan tiga
hari sesudah perkawinan. Pada hari ke-l9 dari kehamilan dilakukan pembedahan. Data yang diperoleh berupa jumlah janin dari masing-masing induk mencit baik untuk kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok perlakuan. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi n-butanol dari rebusan
daun Aegle Marmelos dengan kadar 20% mengandung senyawa kumarin, flavonoid bebas dan glikosida flavonoid
Uji efek Antihiperglikemik Air Rebusan Buah Buncis (Phaseolus Vulgaris Linn) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Diabetes Akibat Alloxan
No full textJumlah penderita diabetes mellitus setiap tahunnya semakin meningkat, sedangkan biaya pengobatan penderita diabetes mellitus yang mahal mendorong sebagian masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan sayur dan buah untuk pencegahan maupun pengobatan penyakit. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengenai uji efek antihiperglikemik air rebusan buah buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris.L.). Hewan coba yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tikus putih jantan strain Wistar yang telah diinduksi dengan menggunakan Alloxan 120 mg/kgBB dalam bentuk larutan 5% secara intraperitoneal selama tiga hari. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (kontrol, diberi air suling), kelompok II (pembanding, diberi glucophage 500 mg/kg BB), kelompok III ( uji, diberi air rebusan bahan kadar 20% b/v ) sebanyak 5 ml/kg BB. Semua bahan diberikan per-oral. Kadar glukose darah tikus diukur pada jam ke-0 (keadaan puasa), I ,2 dan 4 setelah perlakuan. Penetapan glukose darah dilakukan dengan metode enzimatik menggunakan enzim GOD-PAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian air rebusan buah buncis muda segar tersebut dengan kadar 20%b/v pada tikus memberikan penurunan kadar glukose darah sebesar 4,39% bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok control dan tidak berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok pembanding. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan buah buncis muda segar (Phaseolus vulgaris.L.) 2,4 g/kg BB, 5 ml/kg BB per-oral mempunyai efek antihiperglikemik
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