1,848 research outputs found
Lay Counseling: A Preliminary Survey of Who, What and How
No full textThe results of a preliminary survey of lay counseling are presented. Lay counseling is a concept which the author has previously defined and discussed in this journal. Now data are brought to bear in elaborating the nature of this phenomenon which is a vital element of the mental health maintenance and rehabilitation process. The survey included the types of problems which are the subject of lay counseling, the responses to them, the relation of the lay counselor to the recipient, the effectiveness and other characterristics of the activity which are presented
Geostatistical approach for validating contaminated soil measurements
No full textSoil and top soil contaminations are generally produced by air deposition and subterranean leaks due to diverse factors, namely, industrial activities and natural phenomena (e.g. aerosols). However, a continuous monitoring is needed to assess eventual contaminants that
can be on top soil. When the soil extension is very high, it is very difficult to perform accurate analysis because of excessive cost of characterization and successive analytical measurements. But in some cases, analytical data could not be available for all co-ordinates
located in the area under test. Geostatistical approach could help in solving the missing data problem or helping in finding data in case of large meshes applied on the area under test. The research illustrates the opportunity of recovering data making a prediction by
means of Kriging techniques. The application has been performed on data coming from deposimeters used for collecting atmospheric deposition on soil. PCBs (polychlorinated byphenils) are pollutants that are necessary to determine on soil, especially where industrial
activities are carried out. The paper also illustrates the optimal conditions for increasing accuracy in recovering data thanks to fact that once a few numbers of point are known, it is possible to predict the trend of values of PCBs in unknown locations of the considered
area
What are lay theories of social class?
No full textNumerous studies have documented the effects of social class on psychological and behavioral variables. However, lay beliefs about how social class affects these dimensions have not been systematically tested. Studies 1 and 2 assessed lay beliefs about the association between social class and 8 variables (including psychological and behavioral tendencies and cognitive ability). Study 3 assessed lay beliefs about the Big five personality traits and social class, and study 4 reframed the 8 variables from study 1 in opposite terms and yielded similar results. Study 5 contained the variables framed as in both studies 1 and 4, and replicated those results suggesting that framing effects were not responsible for the effects observed. Interestingly, for the most part lay beliefs about social class did not differ as a function of participants' own social class. In general people held relatively accurate and consistent stereotypes about the relationship between social class and well-being, health, intelligence, and neuroticism. In contrast lay beliefs regarding social class and reasoning styles, as well as relational, social, and emotional tendencies were less consistent and coherent. This work suggests that on the whole people's beliefs about social class are not particularly accurate, and further that in some domains there are contradictory stereotypes about the consequences of social class
A new combination and new synonym of Anna Pellegr.(Gesneriaceae)
No full textSince the establishment of Anna Pellegr. in 1930, the taxonomic revisions of this genus have been infrequent. Early publications and revisions of Anna were based on specimens collected by foreign missionaries, which led to problems such as brief or inaccurate descriptions of traits and unclear species definition. When researching publication history, comparing morphology and investigating type locality of Anna ophiorrhizoides(Hemsl.)B. L. Burtt & R. A. Davidson and A. rubidiflora S. Z. He, F. Wen & Y. G. Wei, it was found that Didymocarpus cavaleriei H. Lév. published by H. Léveillé in 1911 and Anna rubidiflora was actually the same species, and Didymocarpus cavaleriei was treated as a synonym of Anna ophiorrhizoides. After comparing the morphological characteristics of multiple populations of A. ophiorrhizoides and A. rubidiflora, it was found that the difference in their morphological characteristics lay in the corolla. It was not appropriate to use differences in corolla color as boundaries for the classificatory units of species. Taking into account the morphological characteristics and geographical distribution characteristics, it was proposed to treat A. rubidiflora as a variety of A. ophiorrhizoides. According to the regulations and suggestions in the 2018 International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants(Shenzhen Code), a new combination and a name at new rank —— A. ophiorrhizoides(Hemsl.)B. L. Burtt & R. A. Davidson var. cavaleriei(H. Lév.)X. X. Bai & F. Wen were proposed, and A. rubidiflora was treated as a synonym of the new combination
Lay-up Optimisation of Fibre Metal Laminates: Development of a Design Methodology for Wing Structures
No full textThe lower wing skin is one of the primary structures of an aircraft. To further improve the fatigue and damage tolerance (F&DT) performance of the lower wing, fibre metal laminates (FML) are proposed as a new material solution. FML consist of thin metal layers bonded with layers of fibre composites. This concept has potentially a large design freedom and its layups could be tailored for specific applications by varying the number, thickness, orientation, and material type of the metal and fibre constituents. This study has been performed to explore the possibilities of lay-up optimisation for FML and to apply the concept of FML to a wing structure. This research aimed to develop a design optimisation methodology for FML that satisfies F&DT criteria. The optimisation methodology should reveal the contribution of individual criteria to the obtained solutions. Furthermore, the method will be used to design a lower wing skin consisting of FML where F&DT and additional compatibility criteria are met. As a result, an analytical model is developed that comprises all the functionality to design a wing structure consisting of FML lower panels and aluminium upper panels. The lay-up solutions are obtained by evaluating the laminates for fatigue crack initiation (FCI), fatigue crack propagation (FCP) and residual strength (RS). These properties are obtained by means of prediction methods, which are implemented into a genetic algorithm optimisation environment. The scientific contribution is delivered by developing a method to reverse the prediction methods to find the lay-ups that satisfy the required property instead of determining the properties of a given lay-up. The lay-up solutions are defined by three parameters: thickness of metal layers, number of metal layers and the grade of a laminate. The amount and orientation of the fibre plies are defined in this grade. With the optimisation method, the lowest weight solution in the design space is determined by generating solutions based on crossover and mutation operators and ranking the satisfying solutions based on their weight. The method considers the optimisation of flat-plates and wing cross-sections. For cross-section optimisation, only the numbers of metal layers along the cross-section are optimised to comply with manufacturing constraints. Additionally, a thickness step constraint is introduced to prevent stress concentrations between elements and to force a distributed thickness along the cross-section. As a final step, the cross-section optimisation is linked to a wing design module that is now capable of dimensioning an aircraft wing structure with the lower panel consisting of FML and the upper panel of aluminium. The thickness of the aluminium skin is defined as variable for the upper skin and evaluated using buckling criteria. As output, a complete optimised cross-section is obtained. To further improve the computation time and to simply the optimisation routine, a regression analysis is performed on the prediction methods for FCI, FCP and RS to obtain approximations for these methods. These approximate functions replace the prediction methods with high correlation and with assurance that the same solutions are obtained as output. The functions are replaceable with other functions representing different criteria to have a generic design method. The influence of optimisation settings, approximations and different design criteria are extensively investigated. The output of the design method depends on the accuracy of the prediction methods and the accuracy of the performed regression, because a small difference in prediction influences the obtained optimal and near optimal design solutions. Further, genetic algorithm proved to be a robust method when optimising single elements or flat-plates when the settings are well-defined. In case of cross-section optimisation, due to the increasing size of the design space the method proved to be inefficient sometimes with the case that once in a while satisfying solutions were not obtained or were stuck at local minima. This problem is solved by defining an initial input to the procedure and increasing or decreasing the upper and lower boundary of the design space. A convergence loop for genetic algorithm is implemented to automate this process in this design method. In conclusion, the method has the ability to compare and evaluate material configurations, to investigate the influence of various design criteria on the lay-up solutions and to optimise the wing material for minimised weight for different sets of load cases and wing geometries.Mechanics, Aerospace Structures & MaterialsAerospace Engineerin
Industrial constructions of publics and public knowledge: a qualitative investigation of practice in the UK chemicals industry
No full textThis is a post print version of the article. The official published version can be obtained from the link below - © 2007 by SAGE PublicationsWhile the rhetoric of public engagement is increasingly commonplace within industry, there has been little research that examines how lay knowledge is conceptualized and whether it is really used within companies. Using the chemicals sector as an example, this paper explores how companies conceive of publics and "public knowledge," and how this relates to modes of engagement/communication with them. Drawing on qualitative empirical research in four companies, we demonstrate that the public for industry are primarily conceived as "consumers" and "neighbours," having concerns that should be allayed rather than as groups with knowledge meriting engagement. We conclude by highlighting the dissonance between current advocacy of engagement and the discourses and practices prevalent within industry, and highlight the need for more realistic strategies for industry/public engagement.Funding was received from the ESRC Science in Society Programme
Co‐operative cross‐platform courseware development
No full textThe UKMCC (UK Mathematics Courseware Consortium) is a Consortium funded under TLTP (Training and Learning Technology Programme) to produce courseware for service mathematics teaching, using the SEFI (Société Européenne pour la Formation des Ingénieurs) syllabus. There are agreed courseware design guidelines and a simple courseware management system which allows cross‐referencing. Courseware is divided into modules, with an author as implementer for each. On any one hardware platform, a variety of authoring languages is possible. Across hardware platforms, the design guidelines ensure that conversion is possible, and will preserve look and feel. We argue here that these arrangements provide a basis for continued co‐operation between authors and future development as the technology changes
Long term outcome of localized aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a short weekly chemotherapy regimen (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vincristine, and prednisone) and involved field radiotherapy: result of a Gruppo Italiano Multiregionale per lo Studio dei Linfomi e Leucenie (GIMURELL) study.
No full textRecently, management of limited stage diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) is trending toward a low intensity chemotherapy approach. Since 1993 we have used a brief weekly (6 weeks) chemotherapy scheme (Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Bleomycin, Vincristine, and Prednisone = ACOP-B) followed by involved field radiotherapy in 207 consecutive patients with well defined localized DLCL without age limit (median 57 years, range 18-85). Treatment was completed as designed in 183 of 207 patients (88%). One hundred and ninety-nine patients (96%) achieved complete remission. At a median follow-up of 66 months 170 patients are alive (82%), 168 of them free of disease. Twenty-nine patients experienced relapse after achieving a complete remission. Kaplan-Meier, risk of relapse was 24% after 13 years. Thirty (14.5%) patients have died, 14 (6.8%) due to lymphoma progression, one due to regimen toxicity and 15 (7.2%) from other causes while remaining in complete remission. The probability of overall survival and event free survival at 13 years was 78% (95% CI 70-87%) and 63% ( 95% CI 50-75), respectively. Crude rate of secondary malignancy was 5.26/1000 person-years. The ACOP-B regimen plus involved field radiotherapy is well tolerated both short and long term and is an effective chemotherapy scheme for very well defined limited stage aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas in all age categories
A supplement to the first and second parts of Lay-Baptism invalid; Shewing, That the Heretical and Schismatical Baptisms which some Ancient Churches esteem'd to have been Valid, were not Lay-Baptisms, in the Opinion of those Churches. In answer to the second part of Mr. Bingham's pretended Scholastical history of lay-baptism. And prov'd out of that same Book, and the other Writings of Mr. Bingham. With a caveat against Dr. White Kennet's Dangerous notion of the power of divine grace, and his Sophistica rule for judging of doctrines: In his Sermon at the Funeral of the Duke of Devonshire, and his Spittal-Sermon on Easter-Tuesday, 1714. By the author of Lay-Baptism invalid [electronic resource].
No full textAuthor of Lay-baptism invalid = Roger Laurence.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
Will Sows Fight With Former Neighbors When Mixed?
No full textA recent pork checkoff-funded research study investigated whether or not newly mixed sows would fight if they had previously been housed in close proximity in breeding barn stalls.This article is published as Marchant-Forde, J., D. C. Lay, R. M. Marchant-Forde, and A. K. Johnson. Will sows fight with former neighbors when mixed? National Hog Farmer, March 13, 2014.</p
- …
