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Connaissance populaire du poisson chez les Songola et les Bwari : Ethnoichtyologie comparée des pêcheurs du fleuve Zaïre et du lac Tanganyika
No full textAnkei Yuji. Connaissance populaire du poisson chez les Songola et les Bwari : Ethnoichtyologie comparée des pêcheurs du fleuve Zaïre et du lac Tanganyika. In: Africana Linguistica 10, 1986. pp. 1-41
A Comparative Study on the Barter Markets of the Upper Zaïre River
Get PDFAn extensive survey of economic anthropology was made along the upper Zaire River. The author found forty-two periodic markets, thirty of which practiced direct barter of fish and farm produce. These barter markets had varied methods of barter and management, and the author compared the results with those of an intensive study on the Songola carried out in 1979 and 1980. Although many of the barter markets were in the process of transformation, a few of them have institutionalized a defense mechanism against cash use, and two of them revived in 1983. The results verified some of the hypotheses obtained through the study of the Songola economy: barter markets in the region are traditional and they have survived the period of colonization. Under today's severe inflation, barter is sometimes more efficient than the use of cash
Folk Knowledge of Fish among the Songola and the Bwari: Comparative Ethnoichthyology of the Lualaba River and Lake Tanganyika Fishermen
Get PDFA field survey in collaboration with Institute de Recherche Scientifique (presently Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles) was carried out near Kindu and Baraka, Région du Kivu, République du Zaïre (Sept. 1979-Feb. 1980 and Sept.-Dec. 1983). The fork knowledge of fish is described in detail for the two areas. The author identified 100 species from the Lualaba River and 97 species from Lake Tanganyika. Songola fishermen (Enya subgroup) along the Lualaba (upper reaches of the Zaire, formerly the Congo) River have 108 vernacular names and 12 inclusive folk categories of fish, consisting of six levels of categorization. There are 18 series of "growth fishe" fish which have two to four different vernacular names according to their life-cycle stages. All the "growth fishes" of the Enya are large-sized fishes and their names change by growth size. The thresholds for the different names seem to be related to the mesh sizes of traditional fishing nets. Bwari fishermen of northern Lake Tanganyika have a simpler system of folk classification than the Songola-Enya. They have 79 vernacular fish names and 4 inclusive folk categories, consisting of three levels. There are 8 "growth fishes." They were diverse in body size and a small clupeid ndagaa, one of the most abundant and important fishes for the Lake Tanganyika fishermen, has as many as four life-cycle stages that determine its market price. The difference in the folk knowledge of the fish between these two peoples might be understood by the difference in the composition of the fish fauna of the two areas; in Lake Tanganyika while small-sized cichlid species (called inclusively as .LENDA by the Bwari) are abundant, it is the ndagaa that prevails in today's catch. A comparison of the fish names among 15 peoples of Central Africa suggested that fish nomenclatures of Bantu societies have little similarity between independent water systems. I found only two stems having a universal distribution in Central Africa: .nyik. for electric catfish and .sembe for lung-fish. Fishermen of Central Africa have an accurate and rather objective knowledge of fish on which they are dependent. As yet some of the fishes are regarded as special. Some are regarded as taboo, others used as charm medicine. Having an intermediate character between fish and other creatures (bird or tree) and having anomalous features are good reasons to regard them as special. Where do all these differences come from? In order to consider the problems concerning the comparative ecology and epistemology of African peoples more properly, we must be equipped with a better knowledge on the environment (fauna and flora), linguistics, and ethnography
Nuclear power plants and biocultural renaissance: A case study of Iwaishima Island in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan
No full textAbstractFor three decades, Iwaishima Islanders have rejected the proposal for a nuclear power plant to be built 3.5km from their home. Located in the Suo-nada Inland Sea, which has miraculously escaped contamination, dredging of sand, or reclamation that damaged the Seto Inland Sea after WWII, the islanders maintain their livelihood by marketing fresh fish and organic produce. Based on studies on the biodiversity and recent interviews, some underlying reasons for their unyielding struggle have come to light: (1) some worked in Fukushima Daiichi NPP, and knew its damaging effects on human health and the bioregion; (2) islanders exchange goods and services, with minimal dependence on cash; and (3) they have revived the 10-century-old Kanmai (divine dance) festival held every 4years
Folk Knowledge of Fish among the Songola and the Bwari: Comparative Ethnoichthyology of the Lualaba River and Lake Tanganyika Fishermen
No full textThe Fieldwork Ethics and Positionality of Tsuneichi Miyamoto : A Pioneer of Border Island Studies in Japan
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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