170,358 research outputs found
Theratta mannavan Anilkumar & Wesener & Moritz 2022, n. sp.
No full textTheratta mannavan n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Figs 2–6 Diagnosis. Head pointed (Fig. 3A) rather than broad and slightly stout as in Theratta eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8A) and Theratta shola n. sp. (Fig. 10A). T. mannavan n. sp. shares with T. shola n. sp. the wave-like curve centrally on the posterior margin of the prozonites (Fig. 4A), while such a curve is absent in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E). Differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. and T. shola n. sp. by the absence of the line fold at the anterior region, separating the ganthochilarium from the rest of the head (Fig. 3F). T. mannavan n. sp. differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. by the mesal process and lamellar process of the anterior gonopod each being triangular distally (Fig. 5E), whereas these processes are rounder and broader in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Figs 9D, F). Posterior gonopod consisting of four podomeres (Fig. 6I), while it consists of six podomeres in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 9C) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 11F). T. mannavan n. sp. shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 20.9 % to T. eravikulam n. sp. and 21. 7 % to T. shola n. sp.. Etymology. The species epithet mannavan, noun in apposition, refers to the type locality of the species, the Mannavan Shola of Annamudi Shola National Park. Materials examined. 1 M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482 B1), 1 F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482 C), 3 M paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482 B2, 9483A, 11393), 7 F paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9483), 14 F paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482), 13 M paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482; 9482A, 9482A1, 9482A2, 9482A3, 9482B), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Annamudi Shola National Park, Mannavan Shola, 10º10’54.5”N, 77º11’25.8”E, 2140 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, K. S. Nafin, P. P. Sudhin, 25 Mar 2019.Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on pages 407-412, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/705956
Theratta eravikulam Anilkumar & Wesener & Moritz 2022, n. sp.
No full textTheratta eravikulam n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Figs 7–9 Diagnosis. Dark purple in color (Figs 7A, B), while T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 2A) and T. shola n. sp. are light purple. More than 50 segments (Fig. 7A). T. eravikulam n. sp. differs from T. mannavan n. sp. by a stouter head (Fig. 8A). Ozopore on 5th body-ring with posterior spine-like projection and not elevated (Fig. 8F), while the spine-like projection is absent, elevated and thicker around in the other two species of Theratta (Figs 3G, 10F). Wave-like curve in the center of the posterior margin of the prozonites is absent in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E), while it is present in the other two species of Theratta (Figs 4A, 10E). Tergites are fully covered with deeper striae in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E), while the striae are less pronounced in T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 4A) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 10E), a unique character for the genus. Differs from T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 3B) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 10B) by the absence of striae at the anterior margin of antennomeres (Fig. 8A). Distal part of mesal process and lamellar process of podomere II of anterior gonopod rather roundish and broader than in T. mannavan n. sp.. Distal process of mesal process smaller and less lobular than in T. mannavan n. sp.. Podomere II of anterior gonopod with a remnant of a division posteriolaterally (Figs 9D–F). Posterior gonopod with six podomeres (Fig. 9C). T. eravikulam n. sp. shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 25.3% to T. shola n. sp.. Note. The anterior body-rings, including the head and posterior gonopod of the holotype were damaged. Therefore, some features are described using an immature male paratype. It is a common phenomenon that the number of antennomeres increase in Colobognathan and other millipedes (see David & Couret 1983; Wong et al. 2020). Etymology. Species epithet, eravikulam, noun in apposition, after the name of the type locality, the Eravikulam National Park. Materials examined. 1 M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 A), 1 F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 C), 1 immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 B), 1 immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Eravikulam National Park, Kadalar Shola, 10º08’24.3”N, 77º02’39.3”E, 1703 m, high altitude montane forest, Winkler extraction, leg. A. A. Pooja, J. Jithin, 12 Dec 2019.Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/705956
Structural modification of CNG channels during activation
No full textCyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels are distributed most widely in the neuronal and nonneuronal cell. Great progress has been made in molecular mechanisms of CNG channel gating in recent years since their discovery in 1985(Fesenko et al., 1985). Results of many experiments have indicated that the stoichiometry and assembly of CNG channel subunit affect their property and gating. The substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) has been a very powerful tool in understanding many of the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions. Cite directed mutagenesis has been a great help in elucidating the possible mechanism behind the ligand discrimination among channels expressed in different cell types. In the recent years the advance in computer technology has provided tremendous help in understanding the three dimensional arrangement of proteins by virtue of molecular biology.
Most probably this is the perfect time in which molecular biology, biochemistry and computational science has come together to provide some amazing view of membrane proteins. Still crystallography has
its own limitations, and electrophysiology serves as an adequate substitute. Most of our understanding about the CNG channels arises from the study of these channels expressed in sensory neurons, viz
photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons. In my work I have used heterologously expressed homologous CNGA1 subunit from bovine rod receptors as a target. The expression system used was Xenopus
leavis oocytes. Though the homologous channels thus expressed vary in several aspects provides a very good tool in studying the structure function relationship of these channels. In the preliminary part of the study an extensive site directed mutagenesis from residue F375 to V424, one at a time, has been performed (SCAM). I have then probed these mutant channels with divalent cations such as Cd2+ and Ni2+ and several methane thiosulfonate compounds to study their accessibility and interaction. The residues from F375 until S399 does not show much effect to these externally applied compounds with few exceptions. One remarkable exception is F380C, which is found to be potentiated by Cd2+ when applied in the open state of the channel inhibited when applied in the closed. Further studies have revealed a locking effect of the channel and thus some insight into the proximity of residues and possible molecular rearrangement while channel passing from closed to open. Another study has revealed the interaction of native Cys505 residues with several other residues in the C-linker domain when are mutated into cysteine. This study has helped to propose a molecular model of C-linker domain. Also
it provided some knowledge in the possible rearrangement of C-linker region while channel opens. One another course of study has revealed that the residues from 390 to 400 come closer in the closed state than in the open. The following stretch of residues, from 410 to 420, on the contrary comes closer in the open state than in the closed. My studies suggest that the channel while passing from close to open does not undergo a major translational movement of residues near the S6. Probably the coupled movement of of S6 with pore helix provides enough energy to open the gate
FIGURE 1 in Parmotrema sahyadrica (Parmeliaceae): A new species of parmelioid lichen from Wayanad, Southern Western Ghats, India
No full textFIGURE 1. Parmotrema sahyadrica: A. Thallus; B. Thallus with isidia; C. Thallus showing yellow medulla; D. Lower side of the thallus.Published as part of Sequeira, Stephen, Christy, Arun, Anilkumar, Aswathi & Arsha, S. M., 2022, Parmotrema sahyadrica (Parmeliaceae): A new species of parmelioid lichen from Wayanad, Southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 287-292 in Phytotaxa 539 (3) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.539.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/636421
FIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)
No full textFIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n. sp.. A, B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482A1). A: Habitus. B: Head, lateral view. C, D: Habitats, Mannavan Shola, Annamudi Shola National Park, Kerala, India. Abbreviations: an = antenna; co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia.Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 407, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/705956
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dramatically Enhanced Reactivity of Fullerenes and Tetrazine towards the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction inside a Porous Porphyrinic Cage
No full textInverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA) between fullerenes and 1,2,4,5-tetrazine generally requires harsh conditions and long reaction times due to their strong electron-accepting nature. Herein, we report a dramatic enhancement in the reactivity of the fullerenes (C-60/C-70)-tetrazine reaction inside a porous Zn-porphyrinic cage (Zn-PB) under sustainable conditions by installing a tetrazine-based axle (LA) via metal-ligand coordination bond, which modulates the cavity size to facilitate the encapsulation of fullerenes. Upon encapsulation, the close proximity of fullerenes and the tetrazine group of LA dramatically increase their reactivity towards the IEDDA reaction to form fullerene-tetrazine adducts. Furthermore, the C-60-tetrazine adduct is rearranged upon hydration to a bent-shaped C-60-pyrazoline adduct that can be released from the Zn-PB cavity in the presence of excess LA, thus catalyzing the formation of C-60-pyrazoline adduct inside Zn-PB without product inhibition.11Nsciescopu
FIGURE 11. Theratta shola n in First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)
No full textFIGURE 11. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C–F: Immature M holotype (ZFMKMYR 9767A). A: Telson, posterio-ventral view. B: Female gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopods, lateral view. D: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E: Posterior gonopod, posterior view. F: Gonopods, posterior view. Abbreviations: av = anal valve; cx = coxa; fe = femur; go = gonopore; le = leg; pf = prefemur; pbr = penultimate body ring; po = postfemur; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; te = telson; ti = tibia; ve = external valve of vulva; vi = internal valve of vulva. I –VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B, C, F = 20 µm; D, E = 10 µm.Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/705956
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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