1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MEKANISME PENINGKATAN RESPONS IMUN HOST DAN VIRULENSI MIKOBAKTERI SETELAH PEMBERIAN ZAT BESI PADA MODEL IN VITRO GRANULOMA INFEKSI MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Get PDFBackground. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), pathogenic bacteria is
the cause of tuberculosis (TB) that infects nearly a third of the population of the
world. More than 90% of those who are infected with m. tuberculosis develop
asymptomatic infections are latent TB (LTBI), the ability to control the body's
immune response to infection was strongly influenced by nutrition, especially intake
of iron (Fe) and homeostasis of Fe host. The status of the host and the Fe infection m.
tuberculosis complex because in addition to being important for the immune function
of Fe, Fe is also required for growth and virulence of M. tuberculosis. This research
aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the influence of Fe against host
immune responses during infection with M. tuberculosis with special emphasis on the
latent TB, using in vitro model of granuloma infection M. tuberculosis.
Method. This research using in vitro culture model of granuloma infection m.
tuberculosis, coupled with FeCl3 concentration 25 μ μ M, 50 M and control without
the addition of FeCl3, which are incubated for 24 hours, 72 hours 168 hours. In vitro
model of granuloma by peripheral blood mononuclear cell infect (PBMC) and MOI
1:10. Furthermore each end of incubation time culture is harvested, supernatant
culture in measuring the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 with Elisa method,
whereas mRNA expression of icl, pfkA and katG analyzedfrom the cell lysat.
Result. The addition of iron (FeCl3) increases the levels of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) which significantly to the time of incubation (p < 0.05) and
a wide range of concentrations (p < 0.05). Iron lowers the anti-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-10) are significant with respect to time of incubation (p < 0.05) but not
significantly to various concentrations of Fe. The addition of iron 50 μM, the effect
on the levels of TNF-α, which showed a decrease in the incubation time of 168 hours.
In addition iron 50 μM, the levels of IL-10 shows the increase is not significant. The
addition of iron Fe concentration between groups does not affect the expression of
genes of the icl, but there was a significant increase in incubation for 24 hours against
72 hours, while the incubation time is 24 hours and 72 hours against 168, decreased
significantly. PfkA gene expression decreased significantly between control and
concentration of iron 25 μM, the increase was not significant between the control and
the concentration of iron 25 μM, increased significantly between iron 25 μM and 50
μM, decreased significantly between incubation time. KatG gene expression
increases significantly at concentrations of 50 μM, decreasing significantly to
incubation time.
Conclusion. It can be concluded that the addition of iron concentration of 25 μM and
50 μM increases the immune response, through increased pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). The addition of
iron 25 μM and 50 μM does not affect virulence of mycobacterium, through the
expression of the icl and pfk
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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