552 research outputs found
The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills During Adolescence and Young Adulthood
No full textThis study examines cognitive and non-cognitive skills and their transmission from parents to children as one potential candidate to explain the intergenerational link of socio-economic status. Using representative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we contrast the impact of parental cognitive abilities (fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence) and personality traits (Big Five, locus of control) on their adolescent and young adult children's traits with the effects of parental background and childhood environment. While for both age groups intelligence and personal traits were found to be transmitted from parents to their children, there are large discrepancies with respect to the age group and the type of skill. The intergenerational transmission effect was found to be relatively small for adolescent children, with correlations between 0.12 and 0.24, whereas the parent-child correlation in the sample of adult children was between 0.19 and 0.27 for non-cognitive skills, and up to 0.56 for cognitive skills. Thus, the skill gradient increases with the age of the child. Furthermore, the skill transmission effects are virtually unchanged by controlling for childhood environment or parental education, suggesting that the socio-economic status of the family does not play a mediating role in the intergenerational transmission of intelligence and personality traits. The finding that non-cognitive skills are not as strongly transmitted as cognitive skills, suggests that there is more room for external (non-parental) influences in the formation of personal traits. Hence, it is more promising for policy makers to focus on shaping children's non-cognitive skills to promote intergenerational mobility. Intergenerational correlations of cognitive skills in Germany are roughly the same or slightly stronger than those found by previous studies for other countries with different institutional settings. Intergenerational correlations of non-cognitive skills revealed for Germany seem to be considerably higher than the ones found for the U.S. Hence, skill transmission does not seem to be able to explain cross-country differences in socio-economic mobility.cognitive abilities, personality, intergenerational transmission, skill formation
"Förderung der Persönlichkeit kann die Aufstiegschancen benachteiligter Kinder verbessern": Fünf Fragen an Silke Anger
No full textWer mehr im Haushalt arbeitet, investiert weniger in Bildung und Karriere: Sechs Fragen an Silke Anger
No full textTravelling Gestures – Elfriede Jelineks Theater der (Tragödien-)Durchquerung
No full textSilke Felber describes Jelinek's theater of (tragedy) traversal for the first time at the intersection of theater, literary, and cultural studies. In the form of a richly detailed study, this foundational work reveals gestures of lamentation and anger that extend back to antiquity while simultaneously pointing toward an uncertain future
Working Time as an Investment? – The Effects of Unpaid Overtime on Wages, Promotions and Layoffs
No full textWhereas the number of paid overtime hours declined over the last decade, a different trend can be observed for unpaid overtime work in Germany. We look at the future consequences for overtime workers, and therefore investigate the investment character of working time. We examine whether unpaid extra hours induce a higher likelihood of promotion and pay rise, and whether they reduce the risk of losing the job. Using longitudinal micro data from the GSOEP for the years 1991 to 2002 we find significant positive effects of unpaid overtime work on future payoffs, but also a positive impact on the probability of job loss. Therefore, we find only partial evidence for the investment character of unpaid overtime.overtime, unpaid work, promotion, wage growth, layoff
The cyclicality of effective wages within employer-employee matches: evidence from German panel data
No full textUsing individual based micro-data from the German Socio Economic Panel Study (SOEP), I analyze the cyclicality of real wages for male workers within employer-employee matches over the period 1984–2004, and compare different wage measures: the standard hourly wage rate, hourly wage earnings including overtime and bonus payments, and the effective wage, which takes into account not only paid overtime, but also unpaid working hours. None of the hourly wage measures is shown to exhibit cyclicality except for the group of salaried workers with unpaid overtime. Their effective wages react strongly to changes in unemployment in a procyclical way. Despite acyclical wage rates, salaried workers without unpaid hours but with income from extra payments, such as bonuses, experienced procyclical earnings movements. Monthly earnings were also procyclical for hourly paid workers who received overtime payments. The procyclicality of earnings revealed for Germany is of comparable size with the one in the U.S.. JEL Classification: E32, J31bonus payments, effective wages, firm stayers, unpaid overtime, Wage cyclicality
The Cyclicality of Effective Wages within Employer-Employee Matches: Evidence from German Panel Data
No full textUsing individual based micro-data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), I analyze the cyclicality of real wages for male workers within employer-employee matches over the period 1984-2004, and compare different wage measures: the standard hourly wage rate, hourly wage earnings including overtime and bonus payments, and the effective wage, which takes into account not only paid overtime, but also unpaid working hours. None of the hourly wage measures is shown to exhibit cyclicality except for the group of salaried workers with unpaid overtime. Their effective wages react strongly to changes in unemployment in a procyclical way. Despite acyclical wage rates, salaried workers without unpaid hours but with income from extra payments, such as bonuses, experienced procyclical earnings movements. Monthly earnings were also procyclical for hourly paid workers who received overtime payments. The procyclicality of earnings revealed for Germany is of comparable size with the one in the U.S.Wage cyclicality, effective wages, unpaid overtime, bonus payments, firm stayers
Why the way we consider the body matters – Reflections on four bioethical perspectives on the human body
No full textAbstract Background Within the context of applied bioethical reasoning, various conceptions of the human body are focused upon by the author in relation to normative notions of autonomy. Results The author begins by descriptively exploring some main positions in bioethics from which the "body" is conceptualized. Such positions conflict: the body is that which is constitutive of the individual's experience and perception, or it is conceived of materially or mechanistically; or as a constructed locus, always historically and culturally transformed. The author goes on to suggest a methodological approach that dialectically considers embodiment from four different perspectives: as bodily self-determination, as respect for the bodily unavailability of the other, as care for bodily individuality; and lastly, as acknowledgement of bodily-constituted communities. These four perspectives encompass autonomy in two of its main interpretations: as the capability of a person to act independent of external forces, and as the moral ideal of pursuing individual wishes by means of role distance, self-limitation and universalization. Various bioethical cases are utilized to show how the four perspectives on the body can complement one another. Conclusion The way we consider the body matters. The author's dialectical method allows a premise-critical identification and exploration of bioethical problems concerning the body. The method is potentially applicable to other bioethical problems.</p
Silke Forlag : Building Brand Equtiy for a Publisher
No full textThe purpose of this master thesis is to contribute to the knowledge about increasing
the brand equity for a publisher. More specifically the thesis emphases on the
communication the publisher sends out to consumers, in order to get the consumer to
be aware of the publisher when buying books. Making the consumer notice the
publisher and their values and not only the author or the book itself. Silke Forlag has
been chosen as the publisher to be analyzed for this case.
The theoretical framework for this study mainly focus on brands, brand equity and
brand knowledge. The first part defines and elaborates about brands, brand equity and
brand knowledge. The elements of brand awareness and brand image are also
explained. The second part focuses on how to manage and build brand equity through
different strategies and Keller´s (2008) guidelines for manage consumer based brand
equity and his pyramid is applied.
In order to map out todays situation, a qualitative research has been executed, where
both Silke Forlag and the end consumers have been interviewed. The collected data
have then been analyzed and systemized and viewed in the light of the theory. The
focus has been on what associations the consumers have towards the publisher.
From the findings in this thesis, Silke Forlag have done many things right in terms of
associations and having a unique focus, but the focus have not been strong enough on
the end users. It seems that consumer do not consider what publisher is behind the
book. It is more important for the consumers who have written the book and how it
looks. The research shows that Silke Forlag needs to be more active in marketing
themselves as a brand, in order to create resonance towards the consumers
Unpaid Overtime in Germany: Differences between East and West
No full textAlthough the standard work week is longer in East than in West Germany, there is a higher incidence and average amount of unpaid overtime in the East. We try to explain the striking differences in unpaid overtime by analyzing the labor supply side. We focus on the investment character of overtime and examine whether workers use unpaid extra hours to signal higher productivity so as to reduce the risk of losing their jobs. Using panel data from the SOEP and approximating the risk of unemployment with regional unemployment rates, we find partial evidence for the unemployment-overtime hypothesis
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