1,720,962 research outputs found
ANALISIS SPAM FILTERING PADA MAIL SERVER DENGAN METODE BAYESIAN CHI-SQUARE DAN NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER
Full text linkANALISIS SPAM FILTERING PADA MAIL SERVER DENGAN METODE
BAYESIAN CHI-SQUARE DAN NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER
ANDRIYANTO DWI NURAHMAT
Jurusan Informatika.Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam.
Universitas Sebelas Maret.
ABSTRAK
Spam pada email merupakan hal yang sangat menggangu maka
diperlukan filtering untuk mengklasifikasikan email, terdapat beberapa
metode yang dapat mengklasifikasikan email. Metode tersebut antara lain
Bayesian Chi-Square dan Naïve Bayes Classifier, kedua metode tersebut
mengklasifikan email secara matematis, untuk mengklasifikasikan email
berdasarkan kata, frasa dan domain yang terdapat didalam email.
Penelitian analisis spam filtering pada mail server ini menggunakan
metode Bayesian-Chi Square dan Naïve Bayes Classifier. Kedua metode
dibandingkan untuk mengetahui metode yang lebih efektif digunakan pada
spam filtering. Keduanya diintegrasikan dengan mail server, selanjutnya
dilakukan training dengan menggunakan dataset TREC2007 yang telah
diklasifikasikan menjadi ham dan spam. Sampel data diperoleh dengan
mengambil sebagian data secara random dari TREC2007. Pada tahap
pengujian masing-masing bagian, dilakukan pengujian dengan sample data
random yang berjumlah 300 email. Untuk menginputkan data training
dilakukan secara bertahap tahap I data training berjumlah 750 email, tahap II
berjumlah 1050 email, dan terakhir 1350. selanjutnya sampai pada tahap
pengujian, pengujian dilakukan untuk setiap tahap training data di kedua
metode tersebut. Pada metode Bayesian Chi-Square dilakukan pengujian
dengan mengubah threshold antara spam dan ham, sehingga akan diketahui
threshold yang terbaik untuk digunakan.
Hasil penelitian dari serangkaian pengujian menunjukkan metode
Bayesian Chi-Square mempunyai akurasi terbaik pada saat threshold 40 dan
60, dengan nilai akurasi 87%. Sementara metode Naïve Bayes Classifier
memiliki hasil yang lebih baik dengan required default 5 mampu
menghasilkan akurasi terbaik mencapai 92,6%, akurasi tinggi juga
mengakibatkan beberapa tiper error menjadi tinggi seperti error spam menjadi
ham yang berakibat mengganggu kinerja server, error kedua adalah ham
menjadi spam akibatnya email yang seharusnya berada diinbox akan kespam
atau terhapus. Untuk metode bayesian chi-square terdapat error unsure
akibatnya user harus mengklasifikasikan email secara mandiri tetapi nilainya
berbanding terbalik dengan akurasi.
Kata Kunci : Bayesian-Chi Square, Email, Ham, Naïve Bayes Classifier,
Spam
SPAM FILTERING ANALYSIS ON THE MAIL SERVER WITH THE
BAYESIAN CHI-SQUARE METHODS AND
THE NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER METHODS
ANDRIYANTO DWI NURAHMAT
Department of Informatic. Mathematic and Science Faculty.
Sebelas Maret University
ABSTRACT
Spam is a very disturbing case, so it is necessary to filtering the classify email
and there are several methods that can classify the email. the methods are Bayesian
Chi-Square and Naïve Bayes Classifier, both are classify the email mathematically
based on words, phrases and domains contained within the email.
this Research of analysing spam filtering on the mail server is using the
Bayesian-Chi Square and Naïve Bayes Classifier methods. Both were compared to
determine which method is more effective on spam filtering. the methods could be
integrated with the mail server, then training using the data set TREC2007 which
have been classified into ham and spam. the Samples obtained take some random
data from TREC2007 . In the testing phase of each pieces, performed testing with
300 sample data of random email. gradually, Input training data first phase up to 750
emails, second phase up to 1050 email, and the last was 1350. next, the testing phase,
the testing is done for each phase of training data in both methods. the Bayesian Chi-
Square test method is done by changing the threshold between spam and ham, so
there will know which is the best threshold to use.
based on test result, the conclusion are the Bayesian Chi-Square method has the
best accuracy threshold at 40 and 60, with the accuracy was 87%. While Naïve
Bayes Classifier method had better results with the required default 5 is able to
produce the best accuracy reaches 92,6%, this high accuracy also resulted in some
type of the error such as errors result in spam being the ham that interfere the
performance of the server, the second error is ham being spam which is the email
that should be in inbox will become spam or deleted. there are error unsure in Chisquare
bayesian that consequently the user must classify email independently but its
value is inversely proportional to accuracy.
Keywords: Bayesian-Chi Square, Email, Ham, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Spa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
