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Psychology of Reflexivity and reflexivity for psychology
No full textA long tradition has produced a misleading interpretation of the categories
of idiographic and nomothetic. Such an interpretation has hindered
the development of psychology and more in general of social science. “Idiographic”
has been treated as a matter of identity, an ideological approach
that continues to be reproduced through the conflict with what-is-outside-it
viii S. Salvatore, G. Marsico, and R. Andrisano-Ruggieri
(i.e., nomothetic mainstream psychology). Far from such a militant ritualization
of the concept, YIS aims at promoting a return to the origin of
what Windelband (1904/1998) proposed, namely the idea of idiographic
and nomothetic as categories depicting two complementary—rather than
alternative - forms of knowledge building
Salvatore, S., Marsico, G. & Ruggieri Andrisano, R., (2015). Psychology of reflexivity and reflexivity for psychology. In G., Marsico, R., Andrisano Ruggieri, & S., Salvatore, (Eds). (2015). Reflexivity and Psychology. Yearbook of Idiographic Science Volume 6. (pp. vii-xxi), Charlotte, NC, USA.: Information Age Publishing
No full textby Information Age Publishing
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. vii
Editorial Introduction
Psychology of Reflexivity and
Reflexivity for Psychology
The Yearbook of Idiographic Science Series (YIS) has been promoting a rethinking of psychological science in idiographic terms. In so doing, it has tried
to reconsider the way this notion is understood. Idiographic science is not a science that negates the purpose of general knowledge, but pursues
general knowledge through the particularity of events (Salvatore, 2014,2015; Salvatore & Valsiner, 2009, 2010, 2011; Valsiner & Salvatore, 2012;
Valsiner, Salvatore, Gennaro, & Traves Simon, 2010). A long tradition has produced a misleading interpretation of the categories
of idiographic and nomothetic. Such an interpretation has hindered the development of psychology and more in general of social science. “Idiographic”
has been treated as a matter of identity, an ideological approach that continues to be reproduced through the conflict with what-is-outside-it
(i.e., nomothetic mainstream psychology). Far from such a militant ritualization of the concept, YIS aims at promoting a return to the origin of
what Windelband (1904/1998) proposed, namely the idea of idiographic and nomothetic as categories depicting two complementary—rather than
alternative - forms of knowledge building
Building therapeutic relationship in schizophrenic and alcohol-related disorder cases
No full textCurrent literature on the dual diagnosis in cases of schizophrenia and alcohol dependence has reported how pharmacological treatment has positive effects on the reduction of both disorders. Nevertheless, patients have considerable difficulties in following the prescribed medication. This work aims to build an engagement stage and therapeutic relationship in seven patients with schizophrenic and alcohol-related disorder cases. This result was achieved through the use of the vignette technique and narrative psychodynamic approach during group counselling sessions. Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) and Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT) were applied before and after treatment. A follow-up session was organized. The PANSS and MALT scores indicated there was no reduction of the psychiatric symptoms after treatment. The follow-up session showed positive outcomes in terms of increasing the level of socialisation as well as awareness of their own condition; at the same, an adherence to pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy for all the subjects
Inconsistency of sentinel events and no gender difference in the measurement of work-related stress
No full textUsually, sentinel events and gender are useful variables to propose appropriate intervention strategies for promoting public health. The Italian legislation has incorporated aspects of the scientific literature of stress into law 81/08 and the ministerial circular of November 18, 2010, obliging the detection of work-related stress with specific reference to gender and working environment characteristics. Specifically, the Italian law requires the discovery of sentinel events in the working environment. This study evaluates the role of sentinel events in the detection of work-related stress in relation to gender. The sample includes 249 Italian subjects of a debt collection company divided into two groups (male and female) and distributed in two different categories: Inside Sentinel Events and Outside Sentinel Events. A multifactorial questionnaire, the Organizational and Psychosocial Risk Assessment (OPRA), was administered. The application of two-way ANOVA did not show any statistically significant differences due to gender between the subjects who belonged to the sentinel events group and those who did not belong, as assessed by the Risk Index, the Inventory of Source of Risk, and variables linked to work conditions (work function and seniority). Significant differences were found between men and women only on the index of physical and mental health. Subsequently, three performed linear regression confirm the same results
STEPS TOWARDS A UNIFIED THEORY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: THE PHASE SPACE OF MEANING MODEL
Full text linkThe hypothesis of a general psychopathology factor (p factor) has been advanced in recent years. It is an innovation with breakthrough potential, in the perspective of a unified view of psychopathology; however, what remains a controversial topic is how its nature might be conceptualized. The current paper outlines a semiotic, embodied and psychoanalytic conceptualization of psychopathology – the Phase Space of Meaning (PSM) model – aimed at providing ontological grounds to the p factor hypothesis. Framed within a more general model of how the mind works, the
PSM model maintains that the p factor can be conceived as the empirical marker of the degree of rigidity of the meaning-maker’s way of interpreting experience, namely of the dimensions of meanings used to map the environment’s variability. As to the clinical implications, two main aspects are outlined. First, according PSM model, psychopathology is not an invariant condition, and does not have a set dimensionality, but is able to vary it locally, in order to address the requirement of situated action.
Second, psychopathology is conceived as one of the mind’s modes of working, rather than the manifestation of its disruption. Finally, the puzzling issue of the interplay between stability and variability in the evolutionary trajectories of patients along with their life events is addressed and discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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