1,721,213 research outputs found
Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the route toward tailored medicine
Full text linkType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has reached the levels of a global epidemic. In order to achieve optimal glucose control, it is often necessary to rely on combination therapy of multiple drugs or insulin because uncontrolled glucose levels result in T2DM progression and enhanced risk of complications and mortality. Several antihyperglycemic agents have been developed over time, and T2DM pharmacotherapy should be prescribed based on suitability for the individual patient's characteristics. Pharmacogenetics is the branch of genetics that investigates how our genome influences individual responses to drugs, therapeutic outcomes, and incidence of adverse effects. In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti-diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides. Overall, we found 40 polymorphisms for each drug class in a total of 71 loci, and we examined the possibility of encouraging genetic screening of these variants/loci in order to critically implement decision-making about the therapeutic approach through precision medicine strategies. It is possible then to anticipate that when the clinical practice will take advantage of the genetic information of the diabetic patients, this will provide a useful resource for the prevention of T2DM progression, enabling the identification of the precise drug that is most likely to be effective and safe for each patient and the reduction of the economic impact on a global scale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Realistic shell-model calculations for Sn isotopes
No full textEdited by X.-W. Pan, D.H. Feng, M. Vallières (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1997
Realistic shell-model calculations for Sn isotopes
No full textEdited by X.-W. Pan, D.H. Feng, M. Vallières (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1997
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Elevated 1-h post-load plasma glucose levels in subjects with normal glucose tolerance are associated with a pro-atherogenic lipid profile
No full textBackground and aims Evidence suggests that plasma glucose concentration ≥155 mg/dl at 1h during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (NGT 1 h-high) predicts both development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular events, among adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). An atherogenic lipid profile is detectable in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2DM. Whether individuals with NGT-1h-high also exhibit a pro-atherogenic lipid profile is still uncertain. Methods The study cohort includes 1011 non-diabetic Caucasian adults participating in the CATAMERI study. All participants were submitted to anthropometrical evaluation before undergoing an OGTT. Subjects were categorized into NGT 1 h-low (1 h glucose < 155 mg/dl), NGT 1 h-high, IGT, and newly diagnosed T2DM. Lipid profile includes triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and ApoA-1. Results 510 subjects were NGT 1 h-low, 211 NGT 1 h-high, 232 IGT and 58 were newly diagnosed T2DM. Triglyceride and ApoB levels were significantly higher in NGT 1 h-high, IGT and T2DM subjects compared to NGT 1 h-low, and HDL cholesterol was significantly lower. Triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in NGT 1 h-high, IGT and T2DM groups compared with NGT 1 h-low individuals. The ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was significantly higher in NGT 1 h-high, IGT and T2DM groups than in the NGT 1 h-low group. NGT 1 h-high, IGT and T2DM subjects exhibited reduced LDL/ApoB ratio compared with NGT 1 h-low. Noticeably, there were no significant differences in ApoB/ApoA-1 and LDL/ApoB ratios when comparing NGT 1 h-high with IGT and T2DM. Conclusions Individuals with NGT 1-h-high exhibited an atherogenic lipid pattern qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed in individuals with IGT and newly diagnosed T2DM
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