1,721,017 research outputs found
General Principles Infra, Praeter, Contra Legem? The Role of Equity in Determining Reparation
No full textThe present chapter discusses the role of equity - as a general principle of law - in determining reparation for internationally wrongful acts. The chapter highlights the role of equity as a principle informing judicial activity in the international system and the application of abstract norms to concrete factual situations. The dogmatic distinction between equity infra legem and equity extra legem turns out to be only partially satisfactory when seeking to explain the complexities and nuances of the role that equity plays in shaping the forms of reparation for international wrongs
Conclusions: Testing General Principles of Law in International Investment Law: between Principles and Rules of International Law
No full textSumming up the analysis put forward in Part III of the volume on General Principles and the Coherence of International Law, the contribution aims to provide three perspectives under international investment law through which to assess whether general principles of law provide a catalyst for normative legal cohesion. The assessment in question, both on the substantive and the procedural law levels, is of a two-pronged character. First, it considers whether general principles of law may provide a factor for internal consistency within international investment law itself. Second, it tests the role played by general principles in the relationship between international investment law and public international law; namely, either in the sense of attesting mutual integration or rather testifying to some form of sub-systemic lex specialis ratione materiae or even to a hybrid and self-contained regime
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
International commercial harmonisation and national resistance – the development and reform of transnational commercial law and its application within national legal culture
Full text linkThis paper was presented at the W.G. Hart Workshop at the Institute of Advaced Legal Studies on Harmonisation of Laws. The author suggests a two way method of legal harmonsiation where one way is the legislative activity connected with harmonisation and the reciprocal activity is a complementary effort by domestic jursidictions to make harmonised law work. The author demonstrates this method by introducing ways to apply and interpret uniform law and its implementation in domestic laws as well as examining selected issues of transnational law such as cross border litigation, contracting, transnational corporate activity and double taxation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
