1,720,962 research outputs found
トマト(Solanum lycopersicum)ニオケルリュウシノユソウトオウヨウ : シュシハツガオヨビヨウビョウノテイチャク
Get PDF東京農工大学Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology博士（工学）Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering
Characterization of Starch from Duckweeds and Its Conversion Into Reducing Sugars Via Enzymatic Saccharification
No full textBackground and Objective: Bioethanol derived from plants is a renewable energy source and promising alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced from plant starch by fermentation, but the starch must first be broken down to sugars, a process known as saccharification. Duckweeds are small, fast-growing plants that are easy to cultivate and accumulate high levels of starch and hold promise as a bioethanol source. Here, the growth parameters and starch content of three species of duckweeds were examined and assessed the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. Materials and Methods: The duckweeds used in this study were Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis and Wolffia arrhiza. The saccharification process was performed at 50°C for 24 hrs. Three starch-degrading enzymes were assessed in the saccharification process, specifically, α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase, in equal amounts (1 mL per mg starch) but four different combinations. Results: The measured doubling times were, respectively, 3.57±0.02, 3.77±0.07 and 3.94±0.04 days and the initial starch contents were 0.28±0.02, 0.26±0.01 and 0.24±0.02 g/g. The greatest percentage of starch conversion to sugar was observed when all three enzymes were used in saccharification. The conversion percentages were 82.0±1.3%, 80.8±1.9% and 81.4±1%, for L. punctata, L. aequinoctialis and W. arrhiza, respectively. Conclusion: Results concluded that duckweeds have the potential to serve as a substrate in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol and other products
Mass balance study of an integrated phytoremediation system using different types of constructed wetlands for chromium removal
No full textPhytoremediation is a biological waste treatment technique with highly promising prospects compared to other treatment systems. Constructed wetlands are one of the most widely applied phytoremediation methods. This study aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation process of chromium (Cr) using an integrated phytoremediation system. In this study, three different constructed wetland systems-free-floating, vertical subsurface flow, and horizontal subsurface flow-were used in sequence with three different plant species-Eicchornia crassipes, Typha augustifolia, and Catharanthus roseus. Each system had a residence time of three days. The Cr concentration used as the initial input was 0.5 mg/g. C. roseus had the highest bioconcentration factor (0.44±0.03) and translocation factor (1.27 ± 0.24) when compared to other species (p < 0.05). This integrated system had an overall process efficiency for Cr removal of 73.8 ± 1.07%. Based on this study, the integrated system is confirmed to have the potential for the removal of Cr from contaminated water when using these three plants and the further development of this integrated system on a larger scale is recommended
Effect of polyculture cultivation system and addition of abscisic acid (ABA) on enhancement of starch and protein content from duckweeds
No full textProtein and Lipid Composition of Duckweeds (Landoltia punctata and Wolffia arrhiza) Grown in a Controlled Cultivation System
No full textBackground and Objectives: Duckweed is a common aquatic angiosperm and is consumed by humans in Southeast Asia. Due in part to their high protein content, duckweeds have been identified as a potential human food source. Here, we conducted a preliminary study to quantify and characterize the protein and lipid content of two species of duckweed, Wolffia arrhiza and Landoltia punctata. Materials and Methods: The plants were grown for 9 days in a controlled cultivation system and proteins were extracted into n-hexane with a Soxhlet extractor. Amino acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and all eight essential amino acids were present in both species at concentrations comparable to those in legumes. Lipids from the protein extraction residue were recovered and the fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: The protein content was 0.14±0.03 and 0.17±0.01 g protein/g dry biomass and the total lipid content was 0.06±0.01 and 0.09±0.01 g lipid/g dry biomass for L. punctata and W. arrhiza, respectively. Most of the FAs were polyunsaturated, specifically, 58.38% of the total FA Methyl Esters (FAME) for L. punctata and 44.46% of the total FAME for W. arrhiza were polyunsaturated. Among these, most were omega-3 FAs, representing 44.93 and 22.17% of the total FAME in L. punctata and Wolffia arrhiza, respectively. The FAs obtained were mostly long-chain (13-22 C). Conclusion: L. punctata and W. arrhiza have a high content of both proteins and FAs, contain the essential amino acids and a considerable amount of omega-3. We consider that these results support the potential for these duckweed species to serve as a source of proteins and lipids in human food
Nanopriming of Tomato (
No full textAbiotic stress can have a negative impact on plant growth. Heavy metal is one of the examples. One approach to overcome this issue is to use seed priming. The priming used in this study was nanopriming. We used colloidal silica nanoparticles (size of 10 nm) as the priming agent and copper (Cu) and barium (Ba) as the model heavy metals. This treatment was implemented for tomato (S. lycopersicum var. Momotaro) seed germination. The results showed that the presence of heavy metals during germination may lead to prolonging the germination time. The presence of Cu and Ba at 1 ppm could increase germination time by 28.38% and 26.9%, respectively, compared to control. When primed seeds were subjected to heavy metal stress, the use of silica nanopriming could reduce the germination time by 10.45% for Cu and 11.54% for Ba compared to the unprimed seeds. This evidence demonstrated that nanopriming could make seeds more resilient to heavy metal stress. We also found that heavy metal ions became less detectable in the seedlings when nanopriming was applied. This ion transport alteration essentially allowed seeds to cope with heavy metal stress. This method can be potentially used on various kinds of crops and heavy metals
Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods
No full textNanoparticle transport into plants is an evolving field of research with diverse applications in agriculture and biotechnology. This article provides an overview of the challenges and prospects associated with the transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing on delivery methods and the detection of nanoparticles within plant tissues. Passive and assisted delivery methods, including the use of roots and leaves as introduction sites, are discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The barriers encountered in nanoparticle delivery to plants are highlighted, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches (e.g., the stem as a new recognition site) to optimize transport efficiency. In recent years, research efforts have intensified, leading to an evendeeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of nanomaterials with plant tissues and cells. Investigations into the uptake pathways and translocation mechanisms within plants have revealed nuanced responses to different types of nanoparticles. Additionally, this article delves into the importance of detection methods for studying nanoparticle localization and quantification within plant tissues. Various techniques are presented as valuable tools for comprehensively understanding nanoparticle–plant interactions. The reliance on multiple detection methods for data validation is emphasized to enhance the reliability of the research findings. The future outlooks of this field are explored, including the potential use of alternative introduction sites, such as stems, and the continued development of nanoparticle formulations that improve adhesion and penetration. By addressing these challenges and fostering multidisciplinary research, the field of nanoparticle transport in plants is poised to make significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and environmental management
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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