1,720,957 research outputs found
Leadership and Governance in Primary Healthcare
No full textGood leadership and governance at all levels of the healthcare system is necessary for better performance of the system and health outcomes. Lack of good leadership and governance practices can lead to misuse of health system inputs such as human resources, health commodities and financial resources hence lowering the quality of services delivered. Thus, this guide was developed through collaborative efforts envisioned to respond to the needs of improving good governance practices at the primary healthcare level in resource-limited healthcare systems. Key Features: Improves the management of primary health facilities Helps the health facility managers and teams at primary healthcare level to effectively and efficiently lead and manage the facilities Enumerates practical scenarios on health issues that commonly occur in health facilities and provides alternative ways of addressing the issues raised in the scenario
Leadership and Governance in Primary Healthcare
Get PDFGood leadership and governance at all levels of the healthcare system is necessary for better performance of the system and health outcomes. Lack of good leadership and governance practices can lead to misuse of health system inputs such as human resources, health commodities and financial resources hence lowering the quality of services delivered. Thus, this guide was developed through collaborative efforts envisioned to respond to the needs of improving good governance practices at the primary healthcare level in resource-limited healthcare systems. Key Features: Improves the management of primary health facilities Helps the health facility managers and teams at primary healthcare level to effectively and efficiently lead and manage the facilities Enumerates practical scenarios on health issues that commonly occur in health facilities and provides alternative ways of addressing the issues raised in the scenario
Determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Tanzania: Policy implication
Get PDFFamily planning as an ability for couples to control the timing and number of their pregnancies play a crucial role in reducing fertility rate when it efficient and effectively implemented. Despite 96.5% having knowledge on family planning, only 20% are using modern methods. The main objective of study was to find out the determinants of contraceptive use among married women and policy implication in Tanzania. The study use Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2004-2005. Data were analysed quantitatively through, binary and multinomial logistic regression. Results show that husband disapproval of contraceptive use, women education, husband and women approval of family planning, discussion of family planning with partners, wealth index, and religion, are determinants of contraceptive use. Based on these results, we recommend increasing women enrolment in all levels of education. This paper suggests that having nice policy, on women empowerment is important but its effective implementation is the most important
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variation in contraceptive prevalence rates in Tanzania:A multilevel analysis of individual and regional determinants
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to answer two key questions: (1) what are the individual and regional determinants of contraceptive use; and (2) what are the effect(s) of individual and regional variables on regional differences in contraceptive use?DATA AND METHOD: Multilevel logistic regression was applied on data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2010 that allowed us to investigate simultaneously the individual and the regional determinants of contraceptive use and its regional variation.RESULTS: There was significant variation in contraceptive use, both between population groups as well as between regions. A higher number of children ever born, urban residence, and a non-manual occupation are characteristics associated with higher odds of a woman using contraceptives. Women who talk about family planning with community-based distribution workers and clinic staff also have higher odds of using contraceptives. The regional differences in the shares of women with a secondary education or above explain a significant portion of the regional variance in contraceptive use. Having secondary education and above is related to lower contraceptive use.CONCLUSION: This study constitutes a first step towards gaining a better understanding of the macro-level effects on decision-making processes regarding contraceptive use. The regional educational level explains a significant portion of the regional variance in contraceptive use.IMPLICATION STATEMENT: An advantage of our study over other studies in Tanzania is that we extended the determinants of contraceptive use to include not only individual-level factors, but also regional-level factors.</p
Occupational Health and Safety in Tanzanian Construction Sector:Incompliance, Informality, and Power Relations
Get PDFThe management of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) on construction sites continues to be an area of concern. Workers have continued to be blamed for unsafe behavior, contributing to the increase in the number of accidents on construction sites. Although various legislative acts enforcing Health and Safety (HS) exist, incompliance with such legislation is evident. This study sets out to understand why construction managers and workers do not comply with OHS legislation. Interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were carried out with the construction site managers and informal construction workers on selected construction sites. Content and thematic analyses were adopted to analyze the data using Nvivo version 12, qualitative analysis software. The study confirmed poor OHS practices and concluded that the precarious nature of the workers’ jobs in the construction sector limits their power to demand the enforcement of OHS, resulting in them accepting the risks as wage-for-labor precariat. Site managers have limited power since they are employees of the main contractor, and their focus is on the completion of the construction projects. This study recommends the need to establish an inclusive safety management system that accommodates the main contractors, managers, and workers. Moreover, a review of the current OHS (building and construction) rules is recommended to recognize the precariat-informal construction workers, who are the main players on construction sites.The management of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) on construction sites continues to be an area of concern. Workers have continued to be blamed for unsafe behavior, contributing to the increase in the number of accidents on construction sites. Although various legislative acts enforcing Health and Safety (HS) exist, incompliance with such legislation is evident. This study sets out to understand why construction managers and workers do not comply with OHS legislation. Interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were carried out with the construction site managers and informal construction workers on selected construction sites. Content and thematic analyses were adopted to analyze the data using Nvivo version 12, qualitative analysis software. The study confirmed poor OHS practices and concluded that the precarious nature of the workers’ jobs in the construction sector limits their power to demand the enforcement of OHS, resulting in them accepting the risks as wage-for-labor precariat. Site managers have limited power since they are employees of the main contractor, and their focus is on the completion of the construction projects. This study recommends the need to establish an inclusive safety management system that accommodates the main contractors, managers, and workers. Moreover, a review of the current OHS (building and construction) rules is recommended to recognize the precariat-informal construction workers, who are the main players on construction sites
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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