21 research outputs found
The الخصائص الفنيّة في قصيدة عبد الواسع مدثر أيليينكي إسيين: دراسة تحليليةThe Artistic Characteristics in the Poem of Abdulwasiu Mudathir Eleyinke Isheyin: An Analytical Study
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الخصائص الفنية في بعض قصائد الشاعر السوداني عبد الواسع مدثر أيليينكي إسيين. تركز الدراسة على استكشاف السمات الجمالية والإبداعية التي تميز شعره، مثل استخدامه للصور الشعرية، وتوظيفه للغة الرمزية، بالإضافة إلى إيقاعاته الموسيقية وأسلوبه المميز في التعبير عن القضايا الاجتماعية والثقافية، من خلال تحليل مجموعة مختارة من قصائده، تسعى الدراسة إلى إبراز العناصر التي تجعل شعر إسيين يتسم بالعمق الفني والثراء المعرفي، كما تتناول كيفية ارتباط هذه الخصائص الفنية بتوجهاته الفكرية وإسهاماته في الشعر السوداني المعاصر، تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم قراءة نقدية تسلط الضوء على دور الشاعر في تطوير السرد الشعري في السياق الثقافي السوداني، وكيفية تأثير ذلك في الجمهور المتلقي، إن عبد الواسع مدثر أيليينكي إسيين هو أحد الشعراء الذين أثّروا في الشعر السوداني المعاصر من خلال أسلوبه المميز والمختلف، هذه الدراسة تسعى لفحص خصائص شعره الفنية، بما في ذلك كيفية استخدامه للغة الشعرية لطرح القضايا الاجتماعية، والرمزية، والتعبيرات الإيقاعية، اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي النقدي، حيث تم اختيار مجموعة من القصائد المميزة للشاعر عبد الواسع مدثر أيليينكي إسيين، تم تحليل هذه القصائد من خلال النظر في اللغة المستخدمة، والرموز، والصور الشعرية، والإيقاع، مع مقارنة أسلوبه بأساليب شعراء آخرين من نفس الحقبة. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، أسفرت الدراسة عن أن إسيين يتميز بأسلوب شعري يعتمد على الرمزية العميقة، والصور الشعرية المبتكرة، مما يجعل قصائده تعكس انشغالاته بالقضايا الاجتماعية والسياسية،كما تبين أن الشاعر يستخدم اللغة بطرق غير تقليدية، مما يضفي على شعره بعدًا فلسفيًا وعاطفيًا. وفي الخاتمة، خلصت الدراسة إلى أن عبد الواسع مدثر أيليينكي إسيين يعد من الشعراء الذين أسهموا بشكل كبير في تطوير الشعر السوداني المعاصر من خلال أسلوبه الفني المتميز، تعتبر خصائصه الفنية من أبرز عوامل نجاح شعره، حيث تجمع بين الجماليات الفنية والرؤية الاجتماعية العميقة، مما يعكس دوره في تطور الأدب السوداني.
This analytical study explores the artistic characteristics in the poem of Abdulwasiu Mudathir Eleinke Isheyin. The research focuses on examining the various poetic devices and artistic elements that form the foundation of this work, which is recognized for its distinctive style and profound thematic expressions. The study delves into the poet’s use of language, imagery, rhythm, and structure, analyzing how these components interplay to create a compelling and emotionally resonant piece. A key element of this study is the exploration of Isheyin use of symbolism and metaphor, which serve as powerful tools to communicate deep cultural, political, and personal meanings. Through symbolic references and metaphorical language, the poem addresses themes of identity, displacement, and social struggle, reflecting the poet’s engagement with both local and global issues. The study also highlights the poet\u27s masterful command of rhythmic patterns and sound devices that enhance the auditory experience of the poem, creating a musicality that elevates its emotional impact. Moreover, the structure of the poem is analyzed to reveal how the poet uses both traditional and modern forms of Arabic poetry to innovate and craft a unique narrative flow. This blending of styles reflects Isheyin’s ability to bridge the past with the present, merging classical Arabic poetic conventions with contemporary themes and concerns. The study also looks at the historical and cultural context in which the poem was written, considering the socio-political atmosphere of Sudan and the broader African landscape during the time of its composition. Ultimately, this analysis aims to offer a deeper understanding of Abdulwasiu Mudathir Eleyinke Isheyin’s poetic vision and his significant contribution to modern Arabic and African literature. The study underscores the complexity of his poetic voice and its capacity to transcend regional boundaries, providing valuable insights into the ways in which language, art, and culture intersect in his work
The application of Shari’ah and international human rights law in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe present dissertation provides an analytical and comparative study of the application of Islamic law (Shari’ah) and international human rights law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It provides an analysis of the sources of Islamic law as well as the sources of international law to set the background for analysis and defines the nature of both laws. It also tackles the subject of the domestic application of international human treaties in Saudi Arabia.
In addition, it examines some reservations Saudi Arabia has entered to some of the international human rights treaties it has ratified, specifically the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It also sheds some light on the political, cultural and religious obstacles to the realisation of norms protected by international human rights treaties in the country, and in other countries for that matter, clearly stating the impossibility of implementing the provisions of the international human rights treaties in their entirety. This is due to the various political and legal developments towards the internationalization of the concept of human rights. It observes that despite the existence of the international human rights treaties, which aim at reinforcing a universal realisation of international human rights, these rights cannot be possibly realised by all countries.
To stress the importance Saudi Arabia attaches to the issue of human rights, the dissertation discusses some rights of women before Saudi courts in family matters, an issue which has been criticised by some international human rights treaties, and examines to what extent the country has managed to tackle the issue of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. It provides an overview of the major causes of domestic violence against women in Saudi Arabia, presents some cases of domestic violence before Saudi courts and sheds some light on the measures taken by the Saudi government to combat domestic violence against women. It also tackles this issue both in the international and domestic legal frameworks, clearly stating the Islamic standpoint on the issue, namely that Islamic law, and Saudi Arabia for that matter, whose laws are essentially derived from the two main sources of Shari’ah. It also discusses the common forms of violence against women in Saudi Arabia and suggests a number of recommendations towards more effective protection of women against violence in the country.
The dissertation concludes by presenting a number of obstacles in the way of executing judicial decisions in the Kingdom as well as the obstacles which negatively affect the performance of the new code of law practice. It also presents some recommendations concerning personal status law obstacles and hindrances to progress and attempts to answer the research questions it has posed
Establishing and interpreting international human rights standards : a universal idea in a plural society.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN023537 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Eksperymentalna analiza betonu z częściowym zastąpieniem cementu popiołem ze spalonych odpadów szpitalnych
No full textThe annual production of medical waste from healthcare facilities in Pakistan is around 250,000 tons. An effective waste management system is essential for disposing of hazardous medical waste, and incineration is considered the most effective and accessible technology. Disposal of medical waste ash in landfills without proper treatment could lead to groundwater contamination due to leachate. This research paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of using hospital waste ash obtained from the National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC) in Rawalpindi as a partial replacement for cement. The primary variable in this study was the amount of hospital waste ash (0%, 3%, 7%, and 10% by weight of cement), while the amount of cementitious material, water-to-cement ratio, and fine and coarse aggregate content were kept constant. A total of 36 cubes were cast, with nine cubes for each replacement level for curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The slump value and density of fresh concrete decreased with the increase in the proportion of hospital waste ash in the mix. The compressive strength of mixes with 3% hospital waste ash was higher than that of the control mix. The best results (20.13 MPa) were obtained from the 3% mix after 28 days of curing, while the result obtained with the 7% mix was nearly equal to that of the control mix.Roczna produkcja odpadów medycznych z placówek służby zdrowia w Pakistanie wynosi około 250.000 ton. Skuteczny system zarządzania odpadami jest niezbędny do utylizacji niebezpiecznych odpadów medycznych, a spalanie jest uważane za najbardziej efektywną i dostępną technologię. Składowanie popiołu z odpadów medycznych na wysypiskach bez odpowiedniego przetworzenia może prowadzić do zanieczyszczenia wód gruntowych z powodu odcieków. Niniejszy artykuł badawczy ma na celu ocenę możliwości wykorzystania popiołu ze spalania odpadów szpitalnych, uzyskanego z Krajowego Centrum Produkcji Surowców Wtórnych (NCPC) w Rawalpindi, jako częściowego zamiennika cementu. Główną zmienną w tym badaniu była ilość popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych (0%, 3%, 7% i 10% masy cementu), podczas gdy ilość materiału cementowego, stosunek wody do cementu oraz zawartość drobnego i grubego kruszywa były utrzymywane na stałym poziomie. Łącznie wykonano 36 kostek, po dziewięć dla każdego poziomu zastąpienia, na okresy dojrzewania wynoszące 7, 14 i 28 dni. Wartość opadu stożka i gęstość świeżego betonu zmniejszały się wraz ze wzrostem udziału popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych w mieszance. Wytrzymałość na ściskanie mieszanek z 3% zawartością popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych była wyższa niż w mieszance kontrolnej. Najlepsze wyniki (20,13 MPa) uzyskano dla mieszanki z 3% zawartością po 28 dniach dojrzewania, podczas gdy wynik uzyskany dla mieszanki z 7% zawartością był niemal równy wynikowi mieszanki kontrolnej
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling.
Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty.
Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year.
Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population
Head-down tilt lithotomy position and well-leg compartment syndrome: An international survey of current practice
No full textAim: Well-leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) is a serious complication of prolonged surgery in the head-down tilt lithotomy (HDTL) position associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of awareness and clinical guidance regarding prevention of WLCS. The aim of this study was to assess current HDTL-related practices and occurrence of WLCS among a global cohort of clinicians. Method: An international online survey of clinicians was conducted between July and December 2023. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, machine learning techniques and qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 595 clinicians from 71 countries and 14 specialities participated. Most (98%) reported routine use of HDTL, 27% of whom did not implement any preventive strategies. 'Leg rest' was the most reported preventive measure (41%), commonly initiated after 2 or 3 h of HDTL (79%), for 10-15 min (56%). Overall, 170 cases of WLCS were reported by 21% of respondents. The majority reported unilateral WLCS (81%) following a laparoscopic procedure (63%) performed in HDTL (64%). Only 28% of respondents discussed WLCS during consent for operations in HDTL. Machine learning identified 'duration of uninterrupted HDTL' as a positive predictor of the occurrence of WLCS (p < 0.001). Content analysis demonstrated that clinician perspectives and practices regarding WLCS are significantly influenced by personal experience, mostly due to a poor evidence base and lack of standardized institutional policies. Conclusion: Perioperative practices during procedures in HDTL vary substantially, and are primarily informed by clinician experience and preferences. There is a need for evidence-based consensus on best practices to enhance safety during procedures in HDTL
The importance of post-discharge surgical site infection surveillance: an exploration of surrogate outcome validity in a global randomised controlled trial (FALCON)
No full textFactors associated with survival in patient with Wilms tumor
No full textIntroducción. El tumor de Wilms es el segundo tumor abdominal más frecuente en la edad pediátrica y responde por más del 90 % de los tumores renales en pediatría. A pesar de que la sobrevida descrita es mayor del 90 %, en nuestro medio encontramos que solo alcanza al 70 %, por lo que deseamos evaluar cuáles son los factores asociados con dichos resultados desfavorables, con el fin de implementar medidas para mejorar la sobrevida de nuestros pacientes.Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, en dos centros de alto nivel de atención, que incluyó una muestra de 84 pacientes menores de 15 años, con diagnóstico de tumor de Wilms.Resultados. Los factores que se asociaron significativamente con un aumento en la probabilidad de morir fueron: no completar el protocolo de quimioterapia, (OR 34; IC95% 3,7-312; p 0,000) y presentar recidiva tumoral (OR 35,7; IC95% 6,9-184; p 0,000). Otros factores que aumentaron esta probabilidad sin alcanzar a ser significativos, pero mostrando una evidente tendencia fueron: presentación bilateral (OR 4,1; IC95% 0,6-5,5; p 0,147), complicaciones quirúrgicas (OR 3,2; IC95% 0,7-14,6; p 0,136), compromiso de ganglios linfáticos en tomografía (OR 2,4; IC95% 0,7-8,4; p 0,139) y las metástasis a distancia (OR 2,5; IC95% 0,7-9; p 0,143). Discusión. La sobrevida de nuestros niños con tumor de Wilms es menor que la reportada en la literatura mundial, siendo la falla en terminar la quimioterapia, la recidiva y la necesidad de cirugía bilateral, los factores asociados con este desenlace. Palabras clave: tumor de Wilms; nefroblastoma; cirugía; urología; oncología quirúrgica; supervivientes de cáncer.Introduction. Wilms tumor is the second most frequent abdominal tumor in pediatric age, and it accounts for more than 90% of kidney tumors in pediatrics. Although the described survival is greater than 90%, in our set-ting we find that it only reaches 70%. Our objective was to evaluate the factors associated with these unfavorable results, in order to implement measures to improve the survival of our patients.Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary medical centers, which included a sample of 84 patients under 15 years of age with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor.Results. The factors that were significantly associated with an increase in the probability of dying were not com-pleting the chemotherapy protocol (OR 34; 95%CI 3.7-312; p 0.000) and presenting tumor recurrence (OR 35.7; 95%CI 6.9-184; p 0.000). Other factors that increased this probability without being significant, but showing an evident trend were: bilateral presentation (OR 4.1; 95%CI 0.6-5.5; p 0.147), surgical complications (OR 3.2; 95%CI 0.7-14.6; p 0.136), lymph node involvement in tomography (OR 2.4; 95%CI 0.7-8.4; p 0.139) and distant metastases (OR 2.5; 95%CI 0.7-9; p 0.143).Discussion. The survival of the children with Wilms tumor in our study was lower than that reported in the world literature, with failure to complete chemotherapy, recurrence and the need for bilateral surgery being the factors associated with this outcome.Keywords:Wilms tumor; nephroblastoma; surgery; urology; surgical oncology; cancer survivors
Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textInterpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning.Stanaway, Jeffrey D-2520fbe1e553ab7130a3e14d339cc29e-0Afshin, Ashkan-4062fbc2d605ce12060facaec6d95b23-0Gakidou, Emmanuela-f92c7e1014d29cebdcab875927db3eac-0Lim, Stephen S-2dfacd56ccc922d1b607c443c3aed8b3-0Abate, Degu-4c9c9907f2717c0bf18a360b4adc23fa-0Abate, Kalkidan Hassen-c29aa366a14f60e18d131235548e6764-0Abbafati, Cristiana-f12d1252183d734ef769098209e59c75-0Abbasi, Nooshin-fe10e2a9e12733c5a369e08cac0cc626-0Abbastabar, Hedayat-db4b6e4e6a8f2f22ec5b2ef0001c80f7-0Abd-Allah, Foad-315bbcdbb313ea1850a4c83707cf22e4-0Abdela, Jemal-ea18b0db074176a0a8843cf7b6f4b574-0Abdelalim, Ahmed-729ff719b4f2e616be01aca670300fc6-0Abdollahpour, Ibrahim-01b160c436c07eb954f4720675e6bd23-0Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi-82f3def17146f3217d67e5d420a09d2f-0Abebe, Molla-f069369cc88f0ff20184f65022e52404-0Abebe, Zegeye-dc8063f4c2383f9646ee0c6014901e04-0Abera, Semaw Ferede-28fd674f722c27f0a3d66100a57fce74-0Abil, Olifan Zewdie-62e69e9e8589dc80140e0c9c76b2a743-0Abraha, Haftom Niguse-6f45c1da5e4fdda97c3adc3da2d477a6-0Roba, Aklilu Abrham-f97be0b52463568f84c9fa9affff2463-0Abu Raddad, Laith J-87179b55a3abe08d15357d22d77b0c9f-0Abun Rmeileh, Niveen M.E-e394ad81f593042412c8643ab8a7a4f9-0Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou-1b088b3416d0f6ec3a7e9c864680942d-0Acharya, Dilaram-240b7a14aa142c99753566d79c7f3b22-0Acharya, Pawan-01cb4a54739afb677b91e0c05c7bface-0Adamu, Abdu Abdullahi-e39e3857e02d33a997368b54498ac2c0-0Adane, Akilew Awoke-15c0422bbf6693d459926fee9fc4d9c1-0Adebayo, Oladimeji-4c0a9d75950ff513bd301db5f932d7d9-0Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji-84fc0bb933bb9ff247cda9f35406ff61-0Adekanmbi, Victor T-e61819d7aa2c70a57ded8f98f24e51c4-0Ademi, Zanfina-244384081418339dd051b719eea79eb7-0Adetokunboh, Olatunji O-adc3c1a0fbe4e0fcc186e9c39f20aab6-0Adib, Mina G-5e2e4a2b955c99a7148bf2835df4da1e-0Admasie, Amha-3886ac12611046939e2700837619b6cb-0Adsuar, Jose C-baf85df62abf1a7c7551a6af0dc965f5-0Afanvi, Kossivi Agbélénko-8ab9da633de1822d6740ff2bd12e2e8a-0Afarideh, Mohsen-16092959beee378428077dd5e6d04832-0Agarwal, Gina-264b1b6b950696d5c41cdcd383a30c3e-0Aggarwal, Anju-f8be93a84e70ebfb86441e91f9451992-0Aghayan, Sargis A-58cc18e7d481a0d431f2a3c93ee71b4e-0Agrawal, Anurag-509f342b1575b999d5ec6bd3f612df26-0Agrawal, Sutapa-f12c5d24e93e2c07c6321cb7dce96069-0Ahmadi, Alireza-219a6a30c7460d2b398c05ca35d5a1e1-0Ahmadi Moghadam, M-094a65b0c8189b7125eca1b8f5afae2e-0Ahmadieh, Hamid-6f9d23d4531563d07e9d3039d16294bc-0Ahmed, Muktar Beshir-827a98e28bbeb4ad75edaadbc87a6956-0Aichour, Amani Nidhal-84ac126cb31640764728380f61311b50-0Aichour, Ibtihel-984dfc4e36d078e7665d8d90220e472f-0Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine-8ea68860413c6b03f5c2f7f808fc3e59-0Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil-f41dc784812f38441d1a970abcd1e76f-0Akinyemiju, Tomi F.-aa496f0e0203c38d494058c117171fd1-0Akseer, Nadia-a208855455ad6ca542b60f1c9d6f0076-0Al Aly, Ziyad-5727374838f3b814fee2209100046f1f-0Al Eyadhy, Ayman A-4e6eed03ca8f2b345b91a02928d77d95-0Al Mekhlafi, H. 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Microbiology testing capacity and antimicrobial drug resistance in surgical-site infections: a post-hoc, prospective, secondary analysis of the FALCON randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: Surgical-site infection (SSI) is one of the most common health-care-associated infections, substantially contributing to antibiotic use. Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent SSIs and effective treatment are crucial to controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to describe the testing capacity and multidrug resistance (MDR) of SSI microorganisms in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This analysis included patients undergoing abdominal surgery in seven LMICs (Benin, Ghana, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa) as part of the FALCON randomised controlled trial. Wound swabs were collected from patients diagnosed with SSI, as per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition. Data on microorganism species and MDR, as per CDC and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control definitions, were analysed alongside hospital-level data on local microbiological practices. An adjusted analysis was performed to identify perioperative factors associated with MDR. Testing capacity was assessed by the completion of swab testing in positively diagnosed SSIs. Findings: Between Dec 10, 2018, and Sept 7, 2020, 5788 patients were recruited to the FALCON trial. 1163 patients were diagnosed with an SSI, of whom 905 (77·8%) received prophylactic antibiotics before surgery. In patients with SSIs, 935 of 1163 (80·4%) did not have a wound swab; 195 were from hospitals not performing swabs (15 hospitals) and 740 were from hospitals with capacity but no swab performed (35 hospitals). Of 228 patients swabbed, 200 (88·5%) had microorganisms detected. Escherichia coli (89 of 200, 37·9%) was the most common microorganism and 116 of 200 (58·0%) patients were not covered by the perioperative prophylactic antibiotic. MDR was found in 102 of 147 (69·4%) patients for whom data were available to determine MDR status. Adjusted analysis found that appropriate prophylactic antibiotic coverage (adjusted odds ratio 0·43, 95% CI 0·19–0·96) and regular availability of infection control teams (0·32, 0·11–0·93) were associated with a significant reduction in MDR. Interpretation: Targeted perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis during contaminated abdominal surgery is insufficient in LMICs, with very few SSI organisms undergoing formal diagnosis. Expansion of testing capacity, development of local guidelines, and implementation of infection control teams could support the prevention of SSI through directed antibiotic prophylaxis, subsequently reducing the burden of MDR. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research. Translations: For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section
