1,720,962 research outputs found
Browning Prevention of Flour from Freshly Harvested Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Tubers through Immersion in Sodium Metabisulfite at Various Times
Get PDFPorang (Amorphophallus oncophillus) tubers contain multifunctional water-soluble heteropolysaccharides, called glucomannan. Therefore, the quality of porang tuber chips is highly depending on its glucomannan content and physical appearance. The presence of considerable amount of carotene, polyphenoloxidases and tannins in these tubers may cause browning of flour during processing. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of enzymatic anti-browning agent (sodium metabisulfite) concentrations (2, 5 and 7.5%) w/w) and immersion times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes) on the degree of whiteness. An increase in the concentration of anti-browning agent solution up to 5% w/w caused significant increase the degree of whiteness of porang flour and quality of porang flour. However, further increase in the concentration of anti-browning agent solution exhibited reduction in the degree of whiteness and quality of porang flour. In addition, a longer immersion time also resulted in a higher degree of whiteness of porang tuber chips. The best browning prevention conditions were through immersion of porang tuber chips in 7.5% w/w sodium metabisulfite solution for 150 minutes, from which a highest degree of whiteness was achieved (81.99)
A Review Article : Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Agricultural Waste
Get PDFBioethanol is one of the most promising and eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, which is produced from renewable sources. Bioethanol can be produced from different kinds of raw materials. Conventional crops such as corn and sugarcane are unable to meet the global demand of bioethanol production due to their primary value of food and feed. Agricultural wastes are cost effective, renewable and abundant. To do this, very high gravity (VHG) fermentation which involves use of medium containing high sugar concentration(>250g/L) must be implemented to achieve high ethanol concentration. However, VHG fermentation leads to significant stress for Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to osmotic pressure at the beginning of the fermentation and high ethanol content at the end. At this review, rice straw is the most abundant waste compared to the other major wastes and potentially produce 205 billion liters bioethanol per year, which is the highest among these four mentioned agricultural wastes
Alternatif Penggunaan Sulfit Dalam Pembuatan Chips Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Sebagai Peningkatan Nilai Derajat Putih
Get PDFdiscoloration is the result of the action of endogenous polyphenol oxidase (enzymatic browning) followed by spontaneous polymerization of quinonoid compounds with other food components. Currently, the use of sulfite agents is the most widely used chemical approach to control browning of foods. However, consumer awareness of the risks associated with sulfites and growing regulations make sulfites an alternative. Efforts should be made to reduce the degree of browning of porang tuber chips caused by enzymatic non-enzymatic browning. The purpose of this study was to study the alternative use of sulfite as an anti-browning agent against the whiteness value of porang tuber chips. The alternative type of sulfite used is ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid concentration (2, 5 and 7.5%) and immersion time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes) were selected as independent variables. The best condition for preventing browning of porang tuber chips was obtained by using 5% ascorbic acid at a time of soaking for 180 minutes and obtained the highest whiteness value (79.41).
Keywords: anti-browning agents, lightness, chips porangPencoklatan makanan secara enzimatis dan non-enzimatik merupakan penyebab utama masalah dalam industri makanan. Perubahan warna seperti itu adalah hasil dari aksi polifenol oksidase endogen (pencoklatan enzimatik) diikuti oleh polimerisasi spontan senyawa quinonoid dengan komponen makanan lainnya. Saat ini, penggunaan agen sulfit adalah yang paling banyak digunakan secara pendekatan kimia untuk mengendalikan pencoklatan pada makanan. Namun, kesadaran konsumen tentang risiko yang terkait dengan sulfit dan pengawasan peraturan yang semakin meningkat telah membuat alternatif pengganti penggunaan sulfit. Perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi tingkat pencoklatan pada chips umbi porang yang disebabkan oleh pencoklatan enzimatik maupun nonenzimatik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari alternatif penggunaan sulfit sebagai agen anti-pencoklatan terhadap nilai derajat putih pada chips umbi porang. Jenis alternatif penggunaan sulfit yang digunakan adalah asam askorbat. Konsentrasi asam askorbat (2, 5 dan 7,5%) dan waktu perendaman (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dan 180 menit) dipilih sebagai variabel bebas. Kondisi terbaik pencegahan pencoklatan pada chips umbi porang diperoleh dengan menggunakan asam askorbat 5% pada waktu perendaman selama 180 menit dan memperoleh nilai derajat putih tertinggi (79,41).
Kata kunci: agen anti-pencoklatan, derajat putih, chips poran
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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