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Rancang Bangun dan Uji Performansi Alat Pembubur Buah Tomat untuk Saos (Design and Performance Test Blander Tool for Fruit Tomato Sauce): Design and Performance Test Blander Tool for Fruit Tomato Sauce
Full text linkThis study aims to (1) Design and construct tomatoes blander tool for sauce through systematic stages; (2) Determine the efficiency of the appliance with an emphasis on power and effectiveness of the cutter blade; (3) Test the technical performance of the blander tool for tomato sauce that is more specific in terms of technical (engineering). The benefits of this research are (1) Addressing the excess (surplus) of tomatoes and other fruits; (2) Scientific Knowledge in Design blander tool for tomatoes and is also used as fruit crusher on other fruits; (3) Contributions for science and technology development, especially engineering design tools and machinery. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Food and Agroindustrial Technology, University of Mataram. Method used in this study was an experimental method that experiments conducted on a direct observation or an investigation is planned to obtain data as the results of experiments that should be studied in depth through performance equipment being tested. Parameter research with the treatment variations in rotational speed of the blade of (1) Rotational blade 660 rpm; (2) Rotational blade 670 rpm; (3) Rotational blade 680 rpm; (4) Rotational blade 690 rpm; (5) Round blade 700 rpm and data retrieval is done every five replications. The results showed (1) input capacity designed based on feedback obtained mass velocity bulk density of the tomatoes with a value of 432.7798 kg/m3 and the resulting standard deviation of 0.8606 kg/m3; (2) The amount of power usage based on the calculation amounted to 129.417 Watt with a rotational blade at 700 rpm with mechanical efficiency of 69 391%; it can be proven that the use of smaller power in the construction of power design. (3) The blade rotation (rpm) on tomatoes blander for the engine design results significantly influence the speed of entry materials, speed of working time, total dissolved solids and viscosity, but did not significantly affect the output flow rate and the amount of accumulated material.
This study aims to (1) Design and construct tomatoes blander tool for sauce through systematic stages; (2) Determine the efficiency of the appliance with an emphasis on power and effectiveness of the cutter blade; (3) Test the technical performance of the blander tool for tomato sauce that is more specific in terms of technical (engineering). The benefits of this research are (1) Addressing the excess (surplus) of tomatoes and other fruits; (2) Scientific Knowledge in Design blander tool for tomatoes and is also used as fruit crusher on other fruits; (3) Contributions for science and technology development, especially engineering design tools and machinery. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Food and Agroindustrial Technology, University of Mataram. Method used in this study was an experimental method that experiments conducted on a direct observation or an investigation is planned to obtain data as the results of experiments that should be studied in depth through performance equipment being tested. Parameter research with the treatment variations in rotational speed of the blade of (1) Rotational blade 660 rpm; (2) Rotational blade 670 rpm; (3) Rotational blade 680 rpm; (4) Rotational blade 690 rpm; (5) Round blade 700 rpm and data retrieval is done every five replications. The results showed (1) input capacity designed based on feedback obtained mass velocity bulk density of the tomatoes with a value of 432.7798 kg/m3 and the resulting standard deviation of 0.8606 kg/m3; (2) The amount of power usage based on the calculation amounted to 129.417 Watt with a rotational blade at 700 rpm with mechanical efficiency of 69 391%; it can be proven that the use of smaller power in the construction of power design. (3) The blade rotation (rpm) on tomatoes blander for the engine design results significantly influence the speed of entry materials, speed of working time, total dissolved solids and viscosity, but did not significantly affect the output flow rate and the amount of accumulated material.
Keywords: fruit crusher, design and construction, tomato sauce
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merancang bangun alat pembubur tomat untuk saos melalui tahapan yang sistematis; (2) Mengetahui efisiensi alat dengan penekanan pada daya dan efektivitas pisau pemotong; (3) Menguji performansi teknis dari alat pembubur saos tomat yang lebih spesifik dari sisi teknik (engineering). Manfaat penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengatasi kelebihan (surplus) buah tomat dan buah-buahan lain; (2) Pengetahuan Ilmiah dalam Rancang Bangun alat Pembubur buah tomat dan juga digunakan sebagai pembubur pada buah-buahan yang lain; (3) Menambah hasanah dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi khususnya keteknikan rancang bangun alat dan mesin. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Pertanian Fakultas Teknologi pangan dan Agroindustri Universitas Mataram pada tahun 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental yaitu percobaan yang dilakukan pada suatu pengamatan langsung atau penyelidikan secara terencana untuk memperoleh data sebagai hasil percobaan yang harus dikaji secara mendalam melalui kenerja peralatan yang diuji. Parameter penelitian dengan perlakuan variasi kecepatan putar sudu adalah (1) Putaran sudu 660 rpm; (2) Putaran sudu 670 rpm; (3) Putaran sudu 680 rpm; (4) Putaran sudu 690 rpm; (5) Putaran sudu 700 rpm dengan setiap pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Kapasitas masukan dirancang berdasarkan kecepatan massa masukan diperoleh massa jenis curah buah tomat dengan nilai 432,7798 kg/m3 dan standar deviasi yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,8606 kg/m3; (2) Besar penggunaan daya berdasarkan perhitungan adalah 129,417 Watt dengan putaran sudu sebesar 700 rpm dan efisiensi mekanik sebesar 69,391%; dapat dibuktikan bahwa penggunaan daya dalam konstruksi lebih kecil dari daya perancangan. (3) Perputaran sudu (rpm) pada mesin pembubur tomat hasil rancangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kecepatan pemasukan bahan, kecepatan waktu kerja, total padatan terlarut dan viskositas, namun tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kecepatan aliran keluar dan jumlah bahan terakumulasi.
Kata kunci: pembubur, rancang bangun, saos toma
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN DENGAN POMPA OTOMATIS SISTEM IRIGASI TETES PADA LAHAN KERING: (Design Tools Watering Plants With Automatic Pump to Drips Irrigation System For Dry Land)
Full text linkThis study aims to (1) Designing wake automatic watering equipment on dry land, (2) Determine the effective and efficient manner, (3) Knowing more specific performance in the use of electrical power. The benefits of this research (1) automated tool that can help overcome the shortage of water in the dry season in dry land, (2) helping farmers in overcoming problems crop irrigation in the dry season / dry, (3) scientific knowledge in automation watering drip irrigation system with pump solar energy as renewable energy. The research was conducted in the village of Batu Layar Sandik District of West Lombok in April 2011 to October 2011. This study uses an experimental method with the following steps: (a) Stage Design, (b) the assembly stage and followed by (c) Phase characterization automatic watering tool. At the stage of design executed by: measuring the ambient temperature (0C), measure wind speed (km / h), determine to what size of pump power (watts); followed by stages of assembly. Then proceed with step kerakterisasi automatic watering tool in the characterization of applying completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design composed 8 treatment. The first factor is the rotation of the motor pump with 4 variations of rotation, namely (1600, 1800, 2200 and 2400 rpm). Each treatment each repeated 3 times. While the provision of irrigation water treatment drops on each network is divided into blocks, namely (I, II, III and IV blocks) are taken based on the treatment of the above factors. Each treatment was observed parameters-parameters of chilli crop water requirements. The parameters characterizing automatic sprinklers include: efficiency of crop water requirements and water use efficiency in total. Results showed (1) automatic watering device can regulate the amount and uniformity of discharge of water droplets in every hole in the use of water for plants drip irrigation system with an average of (± 0.5632 liters /crop), the one-time watering at each plants with 2400 rpm motor pump. (2) System drip irrigation watering holes aimed directly at the plant, the amount of water used is very small. So that the area can be watered plants covering an area of ​​1.74 mx 2.09 m = 3.6366 m2 / plot. With a total land area is tested for this type of tomato plant and a land area of ​​39.78 ± m2 for the type of chilli plants, bringing the total land area of ​​± 68.21 m2 on the pump discharge position of ±72.50578 liters/minute, and then flowed through 6 Fruit of the pipeline with the average number ±12.084297 liters perpipe on each plot. While in the pipeline, there are 16 pieces of water drain holes are directed at each plant to remove water in the respective holes per hole ± 0.755268542 liters/minute. (3) The electric power is used to drive the pump motor in this study is similar to the output ±0.336796 HP the uotput equal to ±0.336796 HP x 0.7457 kWatt = 251.25 watts, where as the unused power of ± 1.333333 watts with efisiensin power to the pump motor power calculation is divided power is used together with efficiency = 251.25 watts/1.333333 watts x 100% = 18843.75%.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merancang bangun peralatan penyiraman otomatis pada lahan kering, (2) Menentukan cara yang efektif dan efisien, (3) Mengetahui unjuk kerja yang lebih spesifik dalam penggunaan daya listrik. Manfaat penelitian ini (1) Alat otomatis yang dapat membantu mengatasi kekurangan air pada musim kemarau di lahan kering, (2) membantu petani dalam mengatasi masalah pengairan tanaman pada musim kemarau/kering, (3) pengetahuan ilmiah dalam otomatisasi penyiraman sistem irigasi tetes dengan pompa energi surya sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Desa Sandik Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat pada bulan April 2011 sampai Oktober 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan: (a) Tahap Rancang Bangun, (b) Tahap perakitan dan dilanjutkan dengan (c) Tahap karakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis. Pada tahapan rancang bangun dilaksanakan dengan: mengukur temperatur lingkungan (0C), mengukur kecepatan angin (km/jam), menenetukan ukuran daya pompa (watt); dilanjutkan dengan tahapan perakitan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tahap kerakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis Dalam karakterisasi menerapkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) rancangan faktorial yang disusun 8 perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah putaran motor pompa dengan 4 variasi putaran yaitu (1600, 1800 , 2200 dan 2400 rpm). Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Sedangkan perlakuan pemberian air irigasi tetes pada setiap jaringan dibagi dalam blok yaitu (I, II, III dan IV blok) yang diambil berdasarkan perlakuan dari faktor diatas. Setiap perlakuan diamati parameter-perameter kebutuhan air tanaman cabe. Adapun parameter-parameter karakterisasi alat penyiram otomatis meliputi: efisiensi kebutuhan air tanaman dan efisiensi penggunaan air total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Alat penyiraman otomatis ini dapat mengatur jumlah dan keseragaman debit tetesan air disetiap lubang dalam penggunaan air untuk tanaman sistem irigasi tetes dengan rata-rata sebesar (±0,5632 liter/tan), dalam satu kali penyiraman pada setiap tanaman dengan putaran motor pompa 2400 rpm. (2) Sistem penyiraman irigasi tetes diarahkan tepat pada lubang tanaman, dengan jumlah air yang digunakan sangat kecil. Sehingga luas areal tanaman yang dapat disirami seluas 1,74 m x 2,09 m=3,6366 m2/petak. Dengan total luas lahan yang dicobakan untuk jenis tanaman tomat dan luas lahan sebesar ±39,78 m2 untuk jenis tanaman cabe, sehingga total luas lahan sebesar ±68,21 m2 pada posisi debit pompa sebesar ±72,50578 liter/menit, kemudian dialirkan melalui 6 buah pipa penyalur dengan jumlah rata ±12,084297 liter per pipa pada masing-masing petak. Sedangkan dalam satu pipa terdapat 16 buah lubang pengeluaran air yang diarahkan pada tiap-tiap tanaman dengan mengeluarkan air dimasing-masing lubang ±0,755268542 liter per lubang/menit. (3) Daya listrik yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan motor pompa dalam penelitian ini adalah 0,336796 HP dengan keluaran setara 0,336796 HP x 0,7457 Kwatt = 251,25 watt, sedangkan daya listrik yang terpakai sebesar ±1,333333 watt dengan efisiensi daya dengan perhitungan daya motor pompa dibagi daya listrik yang digunakan sama dengan efisiensi = 251,25 watt/1,333333 watt x 100% = 18843,75%.
Kata kunci: cabe, lahan kering, penyiraman otomati
Internet of Things and LoRa-based monitoring system on solar dryer dome for coffee drying
Full text linkCoffee drying is a critical stage in post-harvest processing to enhance product quality and market value. Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok, has significant potential to adopt renewable energy-based technology to support agricultural processing. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa-based monitoring system for solar dryer domes in the coffee drying process in Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok. The system integrates hardware and software to monitor temperature and humidity in real-time using SHT10 sensors, LoRa ESP32 modules, and the ThingSpeak platform. The method used is experimental to test the application of a temperature and humidity monitoring system on a solar dryer dome using IoT technology. The findings indicate that optimal drying occurs at temperatures between 50°C–55°C with low humidity, enhancing coffee product quality. The implementation of this technology reduces operational costs and supports sustainable agriculture through the utilization of renewable energy. The success in remote monitoring and power efficiency positions this system as an innovative solution for agricultural processing.Coffee drying is a critical stage in post-harvest processing to enhance product quality and market value. Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok, has significant potential to adopt renewable energy-based technology to support agricultural processing. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa-based monitoring system for solar dryer domes in the coffee drying process in Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok. The system integrates hardware and software to monitor temperature and humidity in real-time using SHT10 sensors, LoRa ESP32 modules, and the ThingSpeak platform. The findings indicate that optimal drying occurs at temperatures between 50°C–55°C with low humidity, enhancing coffee product quality. The implementation of this technology reduces operational costs and supports sustainable agriculture through the utilization of renewable energy. The success in remote monitoring and power efficiency positions this system as an innovative solution for agricultural processing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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