Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem
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Analisis Fisik Madu Akasia Setelah diproses dengan Mesin Evaporator Vacuum Cooling Four in One Skala Industri
Full text linkHoney has significant health benefits due to its rich content of nutrients, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. However, conventional processing methods such as pasteurization can potentially degrade the physical and chemical quality of honey, including moisture content, density, total soluble solids, viscosity, and color stability. This study examines the effectiveness of the Evaporator Vacuum Cooling Four in One technology in maintaining the quality of Acacia honey compared to various pasteurization durations. The results show that vacuum cooling technology significantly preserves honey quality in terms of moisture content, density, and total soluble solids at a better level than conventional methods. Additionally, vacuum cooling optimally maintains honey's viscosity and color, demonstrating its superiority in reducing damage to bioactive components. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more efficient honey processing technology in the industry, aiming to provide high-quality honey that meets consumer health standards.Madu memiliki manfaat kesehatan yang tinggi berkat kandungan nutrisi, enzim, dan senyawa bioaktifnya. Namun, metode pengolahan konvensional seperti pasteurisasi berpotensi menurunkan kualitas fisik dan kimia madu, termasuk kadar air, densitas, total padatan terlarut, viskositas, dan stabilitas warna. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas teknologi Evaporator Vacuum Cooling Four in One dalam mempertahankan kualitas madu Akasia, dibandingkan dengan berbagai durasi pasteurisasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa teknologi pendinginan vakum secara signifikan menjaga kualitas madu berdasarkan kadar air, densitas, dan total padatan terlarut madu pada tingkat yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode konvensional. Selain itu, pendinginan vakum juga mempertahankan viskositas dan warna madu secara optimal, menunjukkan keunggulannya dalam mengurangi kerusakan komponen bioaktif. Studi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan teknologi pengolahan madu yang lebih efisien di industri, guna menyediakan madu dengan kualitas tinggi yang memenuhi standar kesehatan konsumen
Low-Cost Monitoring and Control for Melon Cultivation in Greenhouse using Internet of Thing and Drip Irrigation
Full text linkMelons are become a popular fruit cultivating inside the greenhouse using the drip irrigations in Indonesia. The application of internet of things-based monitoring is beneficial to optimize cultivation management. Another issue on melon cultivation inside the greenhouse is automation of the water and nutrient delivery. However, currently monitoring and control is expensive and difficult to modify by farmers. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost technology and easy to use by farmers using internet of technology. The method used in this study consisted of analysis, design and implementation. The result of this study was a system monitoring to monitor air temperature, air humidity, media humidity and solar radiation inside the greenhouse integrated with nutrient or water delivery using drip irrigation. A web-based dashboard was developed as a user interface for the farmers and users. The overall cost to develop a system monitoring and control was 358.24 USD not including the water thank and nutrient delivery system (pump and irrigations pipe). The system was deployed and tested at Agribusiness and technology park IPB University.Melons are become a popular fruit cultivating inside the greenhouse using the drip irrigations in Indonesia. The application of internet of things-based monitoring is beneficial to optimize cultivation management. Another issue on melon cultivation inside the greenhouse is automation of the water and nutrient delivery. However, currently monitoring and control is expensive and difficult to modify by farmers. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost technology and easy to use by farmers using internet of technology. The method used in this study consisted of analysis, design and implementation. The result of this study was a system monitoring to monitor air temperature, air humidity, media humidity and solar radiation inside the greenhouse integrated with nutrient or water delivery using drip irrigation. A web-based dashboard was developed as a user interface for the farmers and users. The overall cost to develop a system monitoring and control was 358.24 USD not including the water thank and nutrient delivery system (pump and irrigations pipe). The system was deployed and tested at Agribusiness and technology park IPB University
Design and Construction of a Pesticide Spraying Machine for Chili Plants on Ridge fields
Full text linkPest and disease attacks on chili plants are typically handled by pesticide spraying using backpack sprayers, which pose health risks to operators due to pesticide exposure and the weight of the equipment. The proposed solution is the development of a remote-controlled pesticide sprayer designed for ridged fields. This machine is equipped with a frame, track-type wheels, a drive motor, a water tank, a water pump, and navigation using a First Person View (FPV) camera. The machine is controlled via a remote control with a range of up to 200 meters. Performance testing shows that the machine moves at an average speed of 0.30 m/s, with an average track wheel slip value of 8.32% and a maximum slip of 10.65% when carrying a full water tank. The machine is equipped with 4 nozzles positioned as needed, with an average flow rate of 0.87 L/minute. The average current required for the driver motor is 9.1 A, while the current for the pump remains stable at 2.14 A. The control system consists of a cytron motor driver for the drive motor and a relay for controlling the on/off function of the water pump.
Pest and disease attacks on chili plants are typically handled by pesticide spraying using backpack sprayers, which pose health risks to operators due to pesticide exposure and the weight of the equipment. The proposed solution is the development of a remote-controlled pesticide sprayer designed for ridged fields. This machine is equipped with a frame, track-type wheels, a drive motor, a water tank, a water pump, and navigation using a First Person View (FPV) camera. The machine is controlled via a remote control with a range of up to 200 meters. Performance testing shows that the machine moves at an average speed of 0.30 m/s, with an average track wheel slip value of 8.32% and a maximum slip of 10.65% when carrying a full water tank. The machine is equipped with 4 nozzles positioned as needed, with an average flow rate of 0.87 L/minute. The average current required for the driver motor is 9.1 A, while the current for the pump remains stable at 2.14 A. The control system consists of a cytron motor driver for the drive motor and a relay for controlling the on/off function of the water pump.
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Manisan Kering Jambu Biji dalam Kemasan Menggunakan Metode ASLT
Full text linkProcessing guava into dried candied is an alternative to extend the shelf life of guava. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of dried candied guava in polypropylene plastic packaging at any storage temperature. Through changes in the values of the quality parameters, the shelf life of candied guava at various storage temperatures was determined using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method of the Arrhenius model. Dried candied guava that had been packaged in polypropylene plastic packaging (0,08 mm thickness) and then was stored in an incubator with several storage temperatures, which are 35ºC, 40 ºC, 45 ºC, and 50ºC. Quality analysis was conducted on changes in water content, color value, and vitamin C. Estimation of the shelf life of the Arrhenius model is based on critical quality parameters, in this study the deterioration of vitamin C content is the critical parameter. The shelf life of dried candied guava in polypropylene plastic packaging when stored at 20˚C is 282 days, at 25˚C storage is 134 days, and storage at 30˚C lasts up to 65 days. Shelf life will increase if the dried candied guava is stored at a lower temperature and vice versa.Pengolahan jambu biji menjadi manisan kering merupakan alternatif untuk memperpanjang umur simpan jambu biji. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menduga umur simpan manisan kering jambu biji dalam kemasan plastik polipropilen pada sembarang suhu penyimpanan. Melalui perubahan nilai parameter mutunya, pendugaan umur simpan manisan kering jambu biji pada berbagai suhu penyimpanan ditentukan menggunakan metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) model Arrhenius. Manisan kering jambu biji yang telah dikemas didalam kemasan plastik poliepropilen (ketebalan 0,08 mm) kemudian disimpan di inkubator dengan penyimpanan beberapa suhu yaitu 35ºC, 40 ºC, 45 ºC, dan 50ºC. Analisis mutu dilakukan terhadap perubahan kadar air, nilai warna, dan vitamin C. Pendugaan umur simpan model Arrhenius didasarkan pada parameter mutu kritis, dalam penelitian ini penurunan mutu kadar vitamin C menjadi parameter kritis. Masa simpan manisan kering jambu biji dalam kemasan plastik polipropilen bila disimpan pada suhu 20˚C adalah 282 hari, pada penyimpanan 25˚C adalah 134 hari, dan penyimpanan pada suhu 30˚C bertahan hingga 65 hari. Umur simpan akan bertambah jika manisan kering jambu biji disimpan pada suhu yang lebih rendah dan sebaliknya
Spatial Analysis of Landslide Potential in Agricultural Areas of Wadaslintang Catchment Area, Central Java Province Indonesia
Full text linkLandslides have occurred in several tropical regions of Indonesia and caused many losses in both upstream and downstream areas. This study aims to identify landslide prone areas in the Wadaslintang catchment area, Central Java Province Indonesia. Nine parameters were used to analyze landslide potential such as land use, land slope, rainfall, constituent rocks, soil type, soil permeability, population density, drainage density and runoff coefficient. Each parameter has five possibility scores (1 to 5) determined based on certain criteria. The value of each parameter was presented in a raster map with 15 meters of resolution and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.8. The level of landslide susceptibility was classified into five categories. The relationship between landslides and the triggered factor was analyzed using Frequency Ratio (FR). The result showed that the parameters with the highest FR values were land use, land slope, rainfall, and soil permeability, indicating a strong influence on landslides. Very high vulnerability areas were found in mixed farmland and settlements especially on steep slopes. Area with moderate and low categories of landslide vulnerability covers the largest area of the study site with an occupied area of 98.54 km2 (51.04% of the total area) and 57.91 km2 (29.99% of the total area), respectively. While the others i.e., areas with the very low, high and very high categories, occupy around of 3.74 km2 (1.94% of the total area), 30.94 km2 (16.02% of the total area), and 1.93 km2 (1% of the total area) respectively. Validation results indicated that landslides mostly occurred in areas with medium and high categories of landslide vulnerability.
Landslides have occurred in several tropical regions of Indonesia and caused many losses in both upstream and downstream areas. This study aims to identify landslide prone areas in the Wadaslintang catchment area, Central Java Province Indonesia. Nine parameters were used to analyze landslide potential such as land use, land slope, rainfall, constituent rocks, soil type, soil permeability, population density, drainage density and runoff coefficient. Each parameter has five possibility scores (1 to 5) determined based on certain criteria. The value of each parameter was presented in a raster map with 15 meters of resolution and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.8. The level of landslide susceptibility was classified into five categories. The relationship between landslides and the triggered factor was analyzed using Frequency Ratio (FR). The result showed that the parameters with the highest FR values were land use, land slope, rainfall, and soil permeability, indicating a strong influence on landslides. Very high vulnerability areas were found in mixed farmland and settlements especially on steep slopes. Area with moderate and low categories of landslide vulnerability covers the largest area of the study site with an occupied area of 98.54 km2 (51.04% of the total area) and 57.91 km2 (29.99% of the total area), respectively. While the others i.e., areas with the very low, high and very high categories, occupy around of 3.74 km2 (1.94% of the total area), 30.94 km2 (16.02% of the total area), and 1.93 km2 (1% of the total area) respectively. Validation results indicated that landslides mostly occurred in areas with medium and high categories of landslide vulnerability.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Budidaya Durian Bawor di Kabupaten Banyumas Menggunakan SIG Berbasis IoT
Full text linkDurian, known as the "King of Fruits," is a prevalent fruit in Indonesia, thriving in the tropical climate of Southeast Asia. One of the most widely cultivated varieties is Bawor, commonly found in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, producing 95,426 quintals in 2024. The price of Bawor durians ranges between Rp. 85,000 to Rp. 120,000 per fruit, weighing between 2 to 4 kg. Durian grows optimally in lowland areas up to 180 meters above sea level, with a humid climate, air temperatures of 25-32°C, humidity levels of 50-80%, and sunlight intensity of 45-50%. The research aims to build an information system called "SiDurIoT" based on the Internet of Things (IoT) integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate the suitability of Bawor durian land. Land evaluation is classified S1, S2, S3, and N. Durian Information System with Internet of Things "SiDurIoT" is a device designed to measure the suitability of durian orchards in real-time. The device consists of a DHT22 sensor, a wind speed sensor, and GPS connected to the ESP32, with data displayed on an LCD screen. The device is connected to the internet via the website siduriot.my.id and the "SiDurIoT" smartphone application, which allows users to input measurement data. The results of the land suitability assessment show that wind speed, rainfall, soil pH, soil temperature, and land elevation are highly suitable (S1). In contrast, air temperature is suitable (S2), and humidity and sunlight intensity are marginally suitable (S3). Based on the suitability evaluation, the Kemranjen, Sumpiuh and Tambak areas are the most suitable locations for durian plantations because they have productivity above 10,000 quintals and are very suitable (S1).Durian dikenal sebagai "King of Fruit," merupakan buah yang sangat populer di Indonesia tumbuh subur di iklim tropis Asia Tenggara. Salah satu varietas paling banyak dibudidayakan adalah Bawor, yang banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah dengan produksi 2024 mencapai 95.426 kuintal. Harga durian Bawor berkisar antara Rp. 85.000 hingga Rp. 120.000 per buah, dengan berat antara 2 hingga 4 kg. Durian tumbuh optimal di dataran rendah hingga ketinggian 180 mdpl dengan iklim lembap, suhu udara 25-32°C, kelembapan udara 50-80%, serta intensitas cahaya matahari 45-50%. Tujuan penelitian adalah membangun sistem informasi bernama “SiDurIoT” berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) terintegrasi dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) untuk evaluasi kesesuaian lahan durian bawor. Evaluasi lahan diklasifikasikan ke dalam kategori S1, S2, S3 dan N.). Sistem Informasi Durian Internet of Things “SiDurIoT” adalah perangkat untuk mengukur kesesuaian lahan kebun durian secara real-time. Perangkat terdiri dari sensor DHT22, sensor kecepatan angin, dan GPS yang terhubung ke ESP32 ditampilkan LCD. Perangkat terhubung ke internet melalui situs web siduriot.my.id dan aplikasi SiDurIoT di smartphone yang dapat input data pengukuran. Hasil penilaian kesesuaian lahan menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan angin, curah hujan, pH tanah, suhu tanah dan ketinggian lahan sangat sesuai (S1). Sedangkan suhu udara sesuai (S2), kelembapan dan intensitas cahaya sesuai marjinal (S3). Berdasarkan evaluasi kesesuaian, wilayah Kemranjen, Sumpiuh dan Tambak adalah lokasi paling sesuai dijadikan kebun durian karena memiliki produktivitas di atas 10.000 kuintal dengan sangat sesuai (S1)
Land Suitability Evaluation for Durian Cultivation in Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram Educational Forest (KHDTK UMMAT)
Full text linkThe Forest Area with Special Educational Purposes (KHDTK) at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, covering 93.55 hectares, has undergone enrichment with eucalyptus and agarwood plants since 2019. In 2024, further enrichment is planned with durian, avocado, jackfruit, and longan. However, concerns have arisen regarding the suitability of the KHDTK area for durian cultivation, necessitating a land suitability evaluation. This study aims to determine the suitability classes, limiting factors, and management recommendations for durian and other selected plants. Using a rigid grid method, a soil survey and evaluation were conducted, assessing 14 parameters related to soil, climate, and land. The findings indicate that the land suitability for durian falls into class S3, with limiting factors including coarse soil texture, low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, insufficient rainfall, and a slope of 16-30%. Recommended management strategies include the application of organic and NPK fertilizers, installation of pipe irrigation, and contour-aligned planting. Enrichment with durian in the KHDTK area is suggested to be developed. This study contributes to sustainable land management by providing scientific data for durian cultivation in KHDTK areas. In addition, the results can support the development of conservation-based agroforestry and agritourism.The Forest Area with Special Educational Purposes (KHDTK) at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, covering 93.55 hectares, has undergone enrichment with eucalyptus and agarwood plants since 2019. In 2024, further enrichment is planned with durian, avocado, jackfruit, and longan. However, concerns have arisen regarding the suitability of the KHDTK area for durian cultivation, necessitating a land suitability evaluation. This study aims to determine the suitability classes, limiting factors, and management recommendations for durian and other selected plants. Using a rigid grid method, a soil survey and evaluation were conducted, assessing 14 parameters related to soil, climate, and land. The findings indicate that the land suitability for durian falls into class S3, with limiting factors including coarse soil texture, low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, insufficient rainfall, and a slope of 16-30%. Recommended management strategies include the application of organic and NPK fertilizers, installation of pipe irrigation, and contour-aligned planting. Enrichment with durian in the KHDTK area is suggested to be developed. This study contributes to sustainable land management by providing scientific data for durian cultivation in KHDTK areas. In addition, the results can support the development of conservation-based agroforestry and agritourism
Rancang Bangun Kompor Biomassa Otomatis Berbasis Sensor Suhu dan Mikrokontroler
Full text linkContinuous consumption of fossil fuels can cause fuel prices to rise and potentially cause shortages. One alternative renewable energy that can replace fossil fuels is biomass pellets. The use of manual biomass pellet stoves has constraints in controlling the amount of biomass burned, the amount of heat released by the stove, combustion efficiency, safety, and wasteful use of pellets. The purpose of this study was to develop a biomass stove using an automatic control system as a substitute for gas or electric stoves. This stove has the same principle and working method as gas stoves in general, but the pellet fuel is solid. This technology controls the temperature through the integration of temperature sensors, fan blowers, screw feeders, and heat insulators automatically. The results showed that the stove temperature value with the coefficient of determination value from sensor calibration 1 was R2 = 0.9945, sensor calibration 2 obtained the value R2 = 0.9956, the R2 value in sensor calibration 3 was 0.9946, and sensor calibration 4 obtained the value R2 = 0.9927. In the system response test, the device was able to reach a temperature of 300°C in 450 to 780 seconds. Stability testing for setting points 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C were 0.98, 0.82, and 0.53, respectively. The accuracy of the device was 92%. In the execution speed test, it took 2.5 to 4 seconds for the pellets to enter the fuel furnace.Konsumsi bahan bakar fosil secara terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan harga bahan bakar naik dan berpotensi menimbulkan kelangkaan. Salah satu alternatif energi terbarukan yang dapat menggantikan bahan bakar fosil adalah pelet biomassa. Penggunaan kompor pelet biomassa manual memiliki kendala dalam pengendalian jumlah biomassa yang dibakar, jumlah panas yang dilepaskan tungku, efisiensi pembakaran, keamanan, serta penggunaan pelet yang boros. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan kompor biomassa menggunakan sistem kendali otomatis sebagai pengganti kompor gas atau listrik. Kompor ini memiliki prinsip dan cara kerja yang sama dengan kompor gas pada umumnya, namun bahan bakar pelet berbentuk padat. Teknologi ini mengendalikan suhu melalui integrasi sensor suhu, fan blower, screw feeder, dan isolator panas secara otomatis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai suhu kompor dengan nilai koefisien determinasi dari kalibrasi sensor 1 adalah R2 = 0,9945, kalibrasi sensor 2 diperoleh nilai R2 = 0,9956, nilai R2 pada kalibrasi sensor 3 adalah 0,9946, dan kalibrasi sensor 4 diperoleh nilai R2 = 0,9927. Pada pengujian respon sistem, alat mampu mencapai suhu 300°C dalam waktu 450 sampai 780 detik. Pengujian stabilitas untuk setting point 100°C, 200°C, dan 300°C masing-masing adalah 0,98, 0,82, dan 0,53. Akurasi alat sebesar 92%. Pada pengujian kecepatan eksekusi, dibutuhkan waktu 2,5 sampai 4 detik agar pelet masuk ke tungku bahan bakar
Rancangan pencampuran nutrisi otomatis intermitten pada budidaya melon sistem Dutch Bucket untuk urban farming
Full text linkThis research aims to design an automatic nutrient mixing system for urban farming Dutch Bucket melon cultivation. The process of mixing nutrients for dutch bucket fertigation system begins by measuring the water level in the tank, then the raw water is flowed into the reservoir until it reaches the maximum height according to the set point. Next, the peristaltic pump is turned on for 300 ms and turned off for 2 s to supply A and B nutrient concentrations alternately until the TDS sensor reaches the set point value. The mixed nutrient solution is circulated continuously into the Dutch bucket and the nutrient runoff from theDutch bucket is flowed back into the reservoir. The research results show that the TDS sensor calibration has a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 28 ppm, the average sensor reliability error is 31,5 ppm and the maximum error is 87,4 ppm from three repetitions under the same conditions. The time required for mixing Aand B nutrient concentrations is 3 minutes. The average nutrient flow rate through the emitter pipe is 7,3 ml/s. The TDS sensor reading values are displayed on the LCD screen and also sent to the ThingSpeak cloud for monitoring purposes. Theoverall test results provide the conclusion that the designed dutch bucket nutrient mixing and fertigation system is able to work well in melon cultivation for urban farming.Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem otomasi pencampuran nutrisi pada budidaya melon sistem Dutch Bucket untuk urban farming. Prosespencampuran nutrisi untuk sistem fertigasi dutch bucket diawali dengan mengukur ketinggian muka air dalam tandon, selanjutnya air baku dialirkan kedalam tandon sampai mencapai ketinggian maksimum sesuai set point. Pompa peristaltik dinyalakan untuk mengalirkan pekatan nutrisi A dan B dengan kombinasi menyala selama 300 ms kemudian dimatikan selama 2 s secara bergantian sampai sensor TDS mencapai nilai set point. Larutan nutrisi hasil pencampuran disirkulasikan secara terus menerus ke dalam dutch bucket danlimpasan nutrisi dari saluran pembuangan bucket dialirkan kembali ke tandon. Hasil kalibrasi sensor TDS memiliki nilai root mean square error (RMSE) sebesar 28 ppm, rata rata error reliabilitas sensor adalah 31,5 ppm dan maksimum error 87,4ppm dari tiga kali pengulangan pada kondisi yang sama. Lama pencampuran pekatan nutrisi A dan B untuk mencapai set point adalah 3 menit. Rata-rata debit aliran nutrisi pada pipa emiter adalah 7,3 ml/s. Nilai pembacaan sensor TDS ditampilkan pada layar LCD dan juga dikirimkan ke cloud ThingSpeak untuk tujuan monitoring. Hasil pengujian secara keseluruhan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa sistem pencampur nutrisi dan fertigasi dutch bucket yang dirancang mampubekerja dengan baik pada budidaya melon untuk urban farming
Evaluation of Giant Miscanthus-Based Biomass Briquettes as a Sustainable Energy Source
Full text linkThis study examines the feasibility of biomass briquettes as a renewable energy source, utilizing Giant Miscanthus, sawdust, and spent coffee grounds. Recycled paper pulp serves as a binder, enhancing energy density and combustion efficiency. The briquetting process involves drying, grinding, mixing, and compressing the raw materials. Fuel characteristics were assessed through proximate and ultimate analyses, calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). Spent coffee grounds exhibited the highest heating value (21,370 kJ/kg), followed by sawdust (17,610 kJ/kg) and Giant Miscanthus (17,020 kJ/kg). Thermal decomposition confirmed efficient combustion, with Giant Miscanthus achieving complete combustion at 484°C and an exothermic peak at 452°C. Giant Miscanthus emerged as a promising feedstock due to its low ash content, high energy yield, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Combining agricultural residues with non-arable crops enhances resource efficiency. This study highlights the potential of biomass briquettes to support decarbonization, energy security, and sustainable development goals by providing a viable low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels.This study examines the feasibility of biomass briquettes as a renewable energy source, utilizing Giant Miscanthus, sawdust, and spent coffee grounds. Recycled paper pulp serves as a binder, enhancing energy density and combustion efficiency. The briquetting process involves drying, grinding, mixing, and compressing the raw materials. Fuel characteristics were assessed through proximate and ultimate analyses, calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). Spent coffee grounds exhibited the highest heating value (21,370 kJ/kg), followed by sawdust (17,610 kJ/kg) and Giant Miscanthus (17,020 kJ/kg). Thermal decomposition confirmed efficient combustion, with Giant Miscanthus achieving complete combustion at 484°C and an exothermic peak at 452°C. Giant Miscanthus emerged as a promising feedstock due to its low ash content, high energy yield, and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Combining agricultural residues with non-arable crops enhances resource efficiency. This study highlights the potential of biomass briquettes to support decarbonization, energy security, and sustainable development goals by providing a viable low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels