Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem
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Analisis Ventilasi Alamiah Pada Greenhouse Tipe Standard Peak Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics: Natural Ventilation Analysis of Standard Peak Greenhouse using ComputationalFluid Dynamics
Full text linkStandard peak greenhouse is an adapted design for the humid tropical regions. Analysis of the greenhouse natural ventilation had been conducted using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The objective of this research was to investigate the greenhouse natural ventilation performance on zero and low windspeed conditions. Solidworks® CFD software was used in this study. Climate data and greenhouse characteristics were used as inputs for the simulation. The results of CFD simulation were presented in 3D of airflow vectors in x, y, and z directions. Results of this study showed the importance of roof vents and sidewalls openings for efficient thermally driven ventilation.Standard peak greenhouse is an adapted design for the humid tropical regions. Analysis of the greenhouse natural ventilation had been conducted using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The objective of this research was to investigate the greenhouse natural ventilation performance on zero and low windspeed conditions. Solidworks® CFD software was used in this study. Climate data and greenhouse characteristics were used as inputs for the simulation. The results of CFD simulation were presented in 3D of airflow vectors in x, y, and z directions. Results of this study showed the importance of roof vents and sidewalls openings for efficient thermally driven ventilation.Keywords: greenhouse, airflow analysis, natural ventilation, CFD
ABSTRAK
Greenhouse tipe standard peak adalah hasil adaptasi dari desain greenhouse subtropis untuk kawasan tropis basah. Analisis terhadap ventilasi alamiah greenhouse tipe standard peak telah dilakukan menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3 dimensi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kinerja ventilasi alamiah pada greenhouse tipe standard peak pada saat angin tidak bertiup dan saat kecepatan angin di greenhouse luar rendah. Simulasi CFD dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak CFD Solidworks®. Data suhu dan karakteristik greenhouse digunakan sebagai input simulasi. Hasil simulasi CFD berupa vektor dan kecepatan aliran udara di dalam greenhouse ditampilkan dalam bentuk visualisasi potongan 3 dimensi arah bidang x, y, dan z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya bukaan ventilasi di atap dan bukaan di dinding greenhouse untuk berlangsungnya ventilasi alamiah akibat gaya termal secara efisien.Kata kunci: greenhouse, aliran udara, ventilasi alamiah, CF
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN DENGAN POMPA OTOMATIS SISTEM IRIGASI TETES PADA LAHAN KERING: (Design Tools Watering Plants With Automatic Pump to Drips Irrigation System For Dry Land)
Full text linkThis study aims to (1) Designing wake automatic watering equipment on dry land, (2) Determine the effective and efficient manner, (3) Knowing more specific performance in the use of electrical power. The benefits of this research (1) automated tool that can help overcome the shortage of water in the dry season in dry land, (2) helping farmers in overcoming problems crop irrigation in the dry season / dry, (3) scientific knowledge in automation watering drip irrigation system with pump solar energy as renewable energy. The research was conducted in the village of Batu Layar Sandik District of West Lombok in April 2011 to October 2011. This study uses an experimental method with the following steps: (a) Stage Design, (b) the assembly stage and followed by (c) Phase characterization automatic watering tool. At the stage of design executed by: measuring the ambient temperature (0C), measure wind speed (km / h), determine to what size of pump power (watts); followed by stages of assembly. Then proceed with step kerakterisasi automatic watering tool in the characterization of applying completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design composed 8 treatment. The first factor is the rotation of the motor pump with 4 variations of rotation, namely (1600, 1800, 2200 and 2400 rpm). Each treatment each repeated 3 times. While the provision of irrigation water treatment drops on each network is divided into blocks, namely (I, II, III and IV blocks) are taken based on the treatment of the above factors. Each treatment was observed parameters-parameters of chilli crop water requirements. The parameters characterizing automatic sprinklers include: efficiency of crop water requirements and water use efficiency in total. Results showed (1) automatic watering device can regulate the amount and uniformity of discharge of water droplets in every hole in the use of water for plants drip irrigation system with an average of (± 0.5632 liters /crop), the one-time watering at each plants with 2400 rpm motor pump. (2) System drip irrigation watering holes aimed directly at the plant, the amount of water used is very small. So that the area can be watered plants covering an area of ​​1.74 mx 2.09 m = 3.6366 m2 / plot. With a total land area is tested for this type of tomato plant and a land area of ​​39.78 ± m2 for the type of chilli plants, bringing the total land area of ​​± 68.21 m2 on the pump discharge position of ±72.50578 liters/minute, and then flowed through 6 Fruit of the pipeline with the average number ±12.084297 liters perpipe on each plot. While in the pipeline, there are 16 pieces of water drain holes are directed at each plant to remove water in the respective holes per hole ± 0.755268542 liters/minute. (3) The electric power is used to drive the pump motor in this study is similar to the output ±0.336796 HP the uotput equal to ±0.336796 HP x 0.7457 kWatt = 251.25 watts, where as the unused power of ± 1.333333 watts with efisiensin power to the pump motor power calculation is divided power is used together with efficiency = 251.25 watts/1.333333 watts x 100% = 18843.75%.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Merancang bangun peralatan penyiraman otomatis pada lahan kering, (2) Menentukan cara yang efektif dan efisien, (3) Mengetahui unjuk kerja yang lebih spesifik dalam penggunaan daya listrik. Manfaat penelitian ini (1) Alat otomatis yang dapat membantu mengatasi kekurangan air pada musim kemarau di lahan kering, (2) membantu petani dalam mengatasi masalah pengairan tanaman pada musim kemarau/kering, (3) pengetahuan ilmiah dalam otomatisasi penyiraman sistem irigasi tetes dengan pompa energi surya sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Desa Sandik Kecamatan Batu Layar Kabupaten Lombok Barat pada bulan April 2011 sampai Oktober 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan: (a) Tahap Rancang Bangun, (b) Tahap perakitan dan dilanjutkan dengan (c) Tahap karakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis. Pada tahapan rancang bangun dilaksanakan dengan: mengukur temperatur lingkungan (0C), mengukur kecepatan angin (km/jam), menenetukan ukuran daya pompa (watt); dilanjutkan dengan tahapan perakitan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tahap kerakterisasi alat penyiraman otomatis Dalam karakterisasi menerapkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) rancangan faktorial yang disusun 8 perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah putaran motor pompa dengan 4 variasi putaran yaitu (1600, 1800 , 2200 dan 2400 rpm). Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diulang 3 kali. Sedangkan perlakuan pemberian air irigasi tetes pada setiap jaringan dibagi dalam blok yaitu (I, II, III dan IV blok) yang diambil berdasarkan perlakuan dari faktor diatas. Setiap perlakuan diamati parameter-perameter kebutuhan air tanaman cabe. Adapun parameter-parameter karakterisasi alat penyiram otomatis meliputi: efisiensi kebutuhan air tanaman dan efisiensi penggunaan air total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Alat penyiraman otomatis ini dapat mengatur jumlah dan keseragaman debit tetesan air disetiap lubang dalam penggunaan air untuk tanaman sistem irigasi tetes dengan rata-rata sebesar (±0,5632 liter/tan), dalam satu kali penyiraman pada setiap tanaman dengan putaran motor pompa 2400 rpm. (2) Sistem penyiraman irigasi tetes diarahkan tepat pada lubang tanaman, dengan jumlah air yang digunakan sangat kecil. Sehingga luas areal tanaman yang dapat disirami seluas 1,74 m x 2,09 m=3,6366 m2/petak. Dengan total luas lahan yang dicobakan untuk jenis tanaman tomat dan luas lahan sebesar ±39,78 m2 untuk jenis tanaman cabe, sehingga total luas lahan sebesar ±68,21 m2 pada posisi debit pompa sebesar ±72,50578 liter/menit, kemudian dialirkan melalui 6 buah pipa penyalur dengan jumlah rata ±12,084297 liter per pipa pada masing-masing petak. Sedangkan dalam satu pipa terdapat 16 buah lubang pengeluaran air yang diarahkan pada tiap-tiap tanaman dengan mengeluarkan air dimasing-masing lubang ±0,755268542 liter per lubang/menit. (3) Daya listrik yang digunakan untuk menggerakkan motor pompa dalam penelitian ini adalah 0,336796 HP dengan keluaran setara 0,336796 HP x 0,7457 Kwatt = 251,25 watt, sedangkan daya listrik yang terpakai sebesar ±1,333333 watt dengan efisiensi daya dengan perhitungan daya motor pompa dibagi daya listrik yang digunakan sama dengan efisiensi = 251,25 watt/1,333333 watt x 100% = 18843,75%.
Kata kunci: cabe, lahan kering, penyiraman otomati
Perancangan Sistem Kendali Suhu Pada Mesin Pengering Hybrid Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic: Design of Temperature Control System on Hybrid Drying Machine using Fuzzy Logic Method
Full text linkFood security is condition related to food supply sufficient in quantity and quality, safety, diversity, nutritious content, equitability and affordability. Post harvest handling of paddy is a very strategic effort in order to support the increase of rice production and food security. Drying is an activity on post harvest that aimed to reduce water content. Various type of paddy’s drying machine has been constructed to enhance drying process. However, most drying machine constructed in large dimension and operated using fossil fuel. To overcome these problems, hybrid technology is proposed, i.e. grain-drying machine using combination of solar and biomass energy. This machine is equipped with fuzzy logic control system using microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560 R3 as fan velocity control center based on reading of sensor HT11 that able to detect temperature and humidity in drying room also sensor K Type thermocouple Max6675 that detect temperature in combustion chamber and heat exchanger. This research aimed to support continuity of drying process in order to determine each sensor’s period to achieve their setting point. Based on 90 minutes trial period, the result show maximum temperature reduction 2,17% (wet basis), maximum temperature 50ºC, setting point for temperature (45ºC) achieved in 60 minutes, minimum humidity 18%, and setting point for humidity achieved in 30 minutes.
Food security is condition related to food supply sufficient in quantity and quality, safety, diversity, nutritious content, equitability and affordability. Post harvest handling of paddy is a very strategic effort in order to support the increase of rice production and food security. Drying is an activity on post harvest that aimed to reduce water content. Various type of paddy’s drying machine has been constructed to enhance drying process. However, most drying machine constructed in large dimension and operated using fossil fuel. To overcome these problems, hybrid technology is proposed, i.e. grain-drying machine using combination of solar and biomass energy. This machine is equipped with fuzzy logic control system using microcontroller Arduino Mega 2560 R3 as fan velocity control center based on reading of sensor HT11 that able to detect temperature and humidity in drying room also sensor K Type thermocouple Max6675 that detect temperature in combustion chamber and heat exchanger. This research aimed to support continuity of drying process in order to determine each sensor’s period to achieve their setting point. Based on 90 minutes trial period, the result show maximum temperature reduction 2,17% (wet basis), maximum temperature 50ºC, setting point for temperature (45ºC) achieved in 60 minutes, minimum humidity 18%, and setting point for humidity achieved in 30 minutes