1,721,072 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Caractérisation de l'interaction d' aérosols avec un plasma induit par laser : application à la métrologie de nanoparticules manufacturées
No full textOver the last years, industries producing and using manufactured nanoparticles have extended. Such activities can generate potential accidental and toxicological risks, mainly related to nanoparticle worker exposure. In this context, it becomes necessary to design tools enabling detection of these emergent pollutants. Thus, a technique based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been proposed. Indeed, the LIBS technique allows to make real time and in situ measurements without any sample step. The main objective of this work was to study laser-induced plasma particle interaction and to assess the relevance of LIBS method for nanoparticle on-line detection. To begin with, emission spectroscopy experiments have been realised in order to evaluate effects of several parameters on LIBS signal (eg: size, concentration and chemical composition of particles, ambient gas, laser energy and wavelength). Based on time-resolved spectral imagery recordings, these experiments allowed a better understanding of the physical processes inherent to particle-plasma interaction such as vaporisation or matter distribution. Thus, for particle sizes ranging from 40 nm to 1 µm, results showed that LIBS signal is not influenced by potential size effects. These studies also permitted to discuss the mechanisms involved in the temporal evolution of atomic emission coming from vaporised matter. Particularly, the plasma shape, temperature and electronic densities have proved to be sensitive to particle concentration. Finally, based on worker exposure regulation, limits of detection have been assessed and discussed. Moreover, based on these studies, LIBS experiments have been performed within a Silicon Carbide nanoparticle pre-industrial process. Results showed that LIBS technique is able to make on line and real time monitoring of atomic ratio (Si/C) during production process. Thus, this work brings some arguments supporting the relevance of LIBS-based technique applied to nanoparticle production process safety both for ambient workplace surveillance and for produced nanoparticle control.Depuis plusieurs années, les industries concernées par la production et l’utilisation de nanoparticules manufacturées sont en plein essor. De telles activités peuvent présenter des risques, accidentels ou chroniques, liés notamment à l’exposition des personnels aux nanoparticules. Dans ce contexte, il devient nécessaire de disposer de moyens de mesure adaptés à ces polluants émergents. Ainsi, l’utilisation d’une technique de mesure basée sur la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser a été proposée. En effet, la technique LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) permet de réaliser des mesures en temps réel, in situ et sans étape de prélèvement. Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif de caractériser l’interaction des particules avec un plasma induit par laser puis, d’évaluer la pertinence de cette approche pour la détection de nanoparticules manufacturées. Des expériences de spectroscopie d’émission ont permis d’étudier l’influence de nombreux paramètres sur le signal LIBS (eg la taille, la concentration et la nature chimique des particules, le gaz environnant, l’énergie et la longueur d’onde du laser). Couplées à des études d’imagerie spectrale, ces expériences ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus physiques ayant lieu au sein du plasma comme la vaporisation et la répartition de la matière. Ainsi, l’indépendance de la réponse analytique en fonction de la taille des particules, dans une gamme de taille s’échelonnant de 40 nm à 1 μm, a été démontrée. Ces études ont également mis en avant les mécanismes physiques jouant un rôle dans la cinétique du rayonnement d’émission atomique. Elles ont montré également que l’augmentation de la concentration de nanoparticules influence certains paramètres physiques du plasma tels que sa forme, sa température et sa densité électronique. Enfin, les limites de détection de la méthode ont été évaluées et comparées aux valeurs réglementaires d’exposition des travailleurs. Par ailleurs, en se basant sur ces études, des expériences LIBS ont été menées au sein d’un procédé de fabrication préindustriel de nanopoudres de Carbure de Silice. Les résultats ont montré que la technique LIBS est capable de mesurer in situ et en temps réel l’évolution des rapports atomiques (Si/C) produits. Ainsi, ce travail a permis de confirmer la pertinence de l’utilisation de la technique LIBS pour la sécurisation des procédés de production de nanoparticules ; d’une part comme moyen de détection de leur présence en ambiance de travail et, d’autre part, comme outil de surveillance de la composition atomique des nanomatériaux produits
Caractérisation de l'interaction d' aérosols avec un plasma induit par laser : application à la métrologie de nanoparticules manufacturées
No full textOver the last years, industries producing and using manufactured nanoparticles have extended. Such activities can generate potential accidental and toxicological risks, mainly related to nanoparticle worker exposure. In this context, it becomes necessary to design tools enabling detection of these emergent pollutants. Thus, a technique based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been proposed. Indeed, the LIBS technique allows to make real time and in situ measurements without any sample step. The main objective of this work was to study laser-induced plasma particle interaction and to assess the relevance of LIBS method for nanoparticle on-line detection. To begin with, emission spectroscopy experiments have been realised in order to evaluate effects of several parameters on LIBS signal (eg: size, concentration and chemical composition of particles, ambient gas, laser energy and wavelength). Based on time-resolved spectral imagery recordings, these experiments allowed a better understanding of the physical processes inherent to particle-plasma interaction such as vaporisation or matter distribution. Thus, for particle sizes ranging from 40 nm to 1 µm, results showed that LIBS signal is not influenced by potential size effects. These studies also permitted to discuss the mechanisms involved in the temporal evolution of atomic emission coming from vaporised matter. Particularly, the plasma shape, temperature and electronic densities have proved to be sensitive to particle concentration. Finally, based on worker exposure regulation, limits of detection have been assessed and discussed. Moreover, based on these studies, LIBS experiments have been performed within a Silicon Carbide nanoparticle pre-industrial process. Results showed that LIBS technique is able to make on line and real time monitoring of atomic ratio (Si/C) during production process. Thus, this work brings some arguments supporting the relevance of LIBS-based technique applied to nanoparticle production process safety both for ambient workplace surveillance and for produced nanoparticle control.Depuis plusieurs années, les industries concernées par la production et l’utilisation de nanoparticules manufacturées sont en plein essor. De telles activités peuvent présenter des risques, accidentels ou chroniques, liés notamment à l’exposition des personnels aux nanoparticules. Dans ce contexte, il devient nécessaire de disposer de moyens de mesure adaptés à ces polluants émergents. Ainsi, l’utilisation d’une technique de mesure basée sur la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser a été proposée. En effet, la technique LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) permet de réaliser des mesures en temps réel, in situ et sans étape de prélèvement. Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif de caractériser l’interaction des particules avec un plasma induit par laser puis, d’évaluer la pertinence de cette approche pour la détection de nanoparticules manufacturées. Des expériences de spectroscopie d’émission ont permis d’étudier l’influence de nombreux paramètres sur le signal LIBS (eg la taille, la concentration et la nature chimique des particules, le gaz environnant, l’énergie et la longueur d’onde du laser). Couplées à des études d’imagerie spectrale, ces expériences ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus physiques ayant lieu au sein du plasma comme la vaporisation et la répartition de la matière. Ainsi, l’indépendance de la réponse analytique en fonction de la taille des particules, dans une gamme de taille s’échelonnant de 40 nm à 1 μm, a été démontrée. Ces études ont également mis en avant les mécanismes physiques jouant un rôle dans la cinétique du rayonnement d’émission atomique. Elles ont montré également que l’augmentation de la concentration de nanoparticules influence certains paramètres physiques du plasma tels que sa forme, sa température et sa densité électronique. Enfin, les limites de détection de la méthode ont été évaluées et comparées aux valeurs réglementaires d’exposition des travailleurs. Par ailleurs, en se basant sur ces études, des expériences LIBS ont été menées au sein d’un procédé de fabrication préindustriel de nanopoudres de Carbure de Silice. Les résultats ont montré que la technique LIBS est capable de mesurer in situ et en temps réel l’évolution des rapports atomiques (Si/C) produits. Ainsi, ce travail a permis de confirmer la pertinence de l’utilisation de la technique LIBS pour la sécurisation des procédés de production de nanoparticules ; d’une part comme moyen de détection de leur présence en ambiance de travail et, d’autre part, comme outil de surveillance de la composition atomique des nanomatériaux produits
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