1,233 research outputs found
Supplemental material for Recommendations and resources for regional anaesthesia Fellowships in Australia and New Zealand
No full textSupplemental Material for Recommendations and resources for regional anaesthesia Fellowships in Australia and New Zealand by Navdeep S Sidhu, Alwin Chuan and Christopher H Mitchell in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care</p
sj-pdf-1-aic-10.1177_0310057X211020319 - Supplemental material for Age-related differences in cognition and postoperative quality of recovery after beach chair position shoulder surgery
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aic-10.1177_0310057X211020319 for Age-related differences in cognition and postoperative quality of recovery after beach chair position shoulder surgery by Alwin Chuan in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care</p
The Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Health
No full textabstract: Tai Chi Chuan is an internal Chinese martial arts that practitioners believe provide will provide health benefits. This thesis attempts to summarize and analyze scientific studies that test Tai Chi Chuan as a therapeutic exercise. Systemic reviews and meta-analysis were included were based on the following criteria: studied Tai Chi Chuan in context of a specific disease, must include random control trials, and statistical analysis. Overall, Tai Chi Chuan studies portray the martial art as a low intensity exercise with numerous health benefits in pain management, emotional health, fall prevention, cardiopulmonary and cognitive function
Tonmai prot khong nayokratthamontri Chuan Leekphai
No full textThe author profiles the childhood life of Thailand's 23rd Prime Minister, Chuan Leekpai. The article particularly focuses on his love of trees and his role in forest conservation in Thailand
Tai Chi Chuan and the cellist: approach for instrumental performance
No full textEssa dissertação buscou abordar as relações entre a prática do Tai Chi Chuan e o estudo do violoncelo, com foco nos benefícios para a saúde do músico, fundamentos de posicionamento e movimentação do corpo, eficiência e facilidade de movimentação, além dos aspectos estéticos e filosóficos inerentes a ambas as artes. A pesquisa se baseou em investigação bibliográfica que permitiu identificar os aspectos fundamentais de cada uma das práticas. Além disso, foi considerada a experiência pessoal do autor em ambas as práticas. Inicialmente, foram analisados os elementos essenciais da prática do violoncelo, concentrando-se nos fundamentos de posicionamento do corpo, movimentação, coordenação, consciência corporal e a importância da respiração durante a performance. Em seguida, foram levantados os princípios e técnicas do Tai Chi Chuan, uma arte marcial chinesa que enfatiza o equilíbrio, a fluidez dos movimentos, a integração mente-corpo e a aplicação de conceitos filosóficos. O estudo buscou encontrar pontos de convergência entre o Tai Chi Chuan e o violoncelo, a fim de demonstrar como a aplicação dos princípios do Tai Chi Chuan pode beneficiar a vida e a performance do violoncelista. Dentre os resultados encontrados, podemos afirmar que a prática do Tai Chi Chuan promove o relaxamento, o alívio do estresse e a melhoria da postura; a consciência corporal desenvolvida no Tai Chi Chuan pode ser aplicada ao violoncelo, melhorando a ergonomia e reduzindo tensões desnecessárias; os movimentos suaves e precisos do Tai Chi Chuan podem aprimorar a destreza e a fluidez dos movimentos na técnica do violoncelo, resultando em uma execução mais eficaz e expressiva. A conclusão deste estudo aponta que os fundamentos do Tai Chi Chuan e do violoncelo são surpreendentemente similares, o que sugere que a prática do Tai Chi Chuan pode ser utilizada como uma ferramenta auxiliar para facilitar e aprimorar a qualidade de vida e, ao mesmo tempo, a performance do violoncelo.This dissertation sought to address the relationship between the practice of Tai Chi Chuan and the study of the cello, focusing on the benefits for the health of the musician, fundamentals of positioning and moving the body, efficiency and ease of movement, in addition to the inherent aesthetic and philosophical aspects to both arts. The research was based on bibliographic research that allowed us to identify the fundamental aspects of each of the practices. In addition, the author\'s personal experience in both practices was considered. Initially, the essential elements of cello practice were analyzed, focusing on the fundamentals of body positioning, movement, coordination, body awareness and the importance of breathing during performance. Then, the principles and techniques of Tai Chi Chuan, a Chinese martial art that emphasizes balance, fluidity of movements, mind-body integration and the application of philosophical concepts, were raised. The study sought to find points of convergence between Tai Chi Chuan and the cello, in order to demonstrate how the application of Tai Chi Chuan principles can benefit the life and performance of the cello. Among the results found, we can affirm that the practice of Tai Chi Chuan promotes relaxation, stress relief and posture improvement; body awareness developed in Tai Chi Chuan can be applied to the cello, improving ergonomics and reducing unnecessary tension; the smooth, precise strokes of Tai Chi Chuan can enhance the dexterity and fluidity of cello technique, resulting in more effective and expressive playing. The conclusion of this study points out that the fundamentals of Tai Chi Chuan and cello are surprisingly similar, which suggests that the practice of Tai Chi Chuan can be used as an auxiliary tool to facilitate and improve the quality of life and, at the same time, cello performance
Linac design for intense hadron beams
No full textEnergy and environment are two major concerns in the 21st century. At present, the energy required for the daily life still mainly relies on the traditional fossil fuel resources, but the caused air pollution problem and greenhouse effect have seriously threatened the sustainable development of mankind. Another adopted energy source which can provide a large fraction of electricity for the world is the nuclear fission reaction. However, the increasing high-radioactive spent nuclear fuels, which half-lives are usually >1 million years, are becoming the hidden perils to the earth. A great advance in accelerator physics and technology opens an opportunity to solve this dilemma between man and nature, because powerful accelerator-based neutron sources can play important roles for clean nuclear power production, for example: - The Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) can serve as an easy control of a sub-critical fission reactor so that the nuclear fuels will be burnt more completely and safely. - The EUROTRANS project launched by EU is investigating another application of the ADS technology to reduce the radiotoxicity and the volume of the existing nuclear waste greatly and quickly in a transmutation way. - The developing international IFMIF plant will be used to test and qualify reactor materials for future fusion power stations, which can produce much cleaner nuclear electricity more efficiently than the fission ones. Therefore, the R&D of high-power driver linacs (HPDL) is of a worldwide importance. As the proverb said, "everything is hard at the beginning", the front end is the most difficult part for realizing an HPDL machine. Based on the RFQ and H-type DTL structures, this dissertation is dedicated to study the beam dynamics in the presence of significantly strong space-charge effects while accelerating intense hardon beams in the low- and medium-beta-region. Besides the 5mA/30mA, 17MeV proton injector (RFQ+DTL) and the 125mA, 40MeV deuteron DTL of the above-mentioned EUROTRANS and IFMIF facilities, a 200mA, 700keV proton RFQ has been also intensively studied for a small-scale but ultra-intense neutron source FRANZ planned at Frankfurt University. The most remarkable properties of the FRANZ RFQ and the IFMIF DTL are the design beam intensities, 200mA and 125mA, which are the record values for the proton and deuteron linacs, respectively. Though the design intensities for the two development stages, XT-ADS (5mA) and EFIT (30mA), of the EUROTRANS injector are well within the capability of the modern RF linac technology, the special design concept for an easy upgrade from XT-ADS to EFIT brings unusual challenges to realize a linac layout which allows flexible operation with different beam intensities. To design the 200mA FRANZ RFQ and the two-intensity EUROTRANS RFQ, the classic LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Four-Section Procedure, which was developed by neglecting the space-charge forces, is not sufficient anymore. Abandoning the unreasonable constant- B (constant-transverse-focusing-strength) law and the resulting inefficient evolution manners of dynamics parameters adopted by the LANL method, a new design approach so-called "BABBLE", which can provide a "Balanced and Accelerated Beam Bunching at Low Energy", has been developed for intense beams. Being consistent with the beam-development process including space-charge effects, the main features of the "BABBLE" strategy (see Pages 55-58) are: 1) At the entrance, the synchronous phase is kept at = phi s = -90° while a gradual increase in the electrode modulation is started so that the input beam can firstly get a symmetrical and soft bunching within a full-360° phase acceptance. 2) In the following main bunching section, B is increasing to balance the stronger and stronger transverse defocusing effects induced by the decreasing bunch size so that the bunching speed can be fast and safely increased. 3) When the real acceleration starts, the quickly increased beam velocity will naturally weaken the transverse defocusing effects, so B is accordingly falling down to avoid longitudinal emittance growths and to allow larger bore apertures. Taking advantage of the gentle initial bunching and the accelerated main bunching under balanced forces enabled by the "BABBLE" strategy, a 2m-long RFQ with beam transmission in excess of 98% and low emittance growths has been designed for FRANZ, and a 4.3m-long RFQ with almost no beam losses and flat emittance evolutions at both 5mA and 30mA has been designed for EUROTRANS. All design results have proven that the "BABBLE" strategy is a general design approach leading to an efficient and robust RFQ with good beam quality in a wide intensity-range from 0mA to 200mA (even higher). To design the IFMIF DTL and the injector DTL part of the EUROTRANS driver linac, which have been foreseen as the first real applications of the novel superconducting CH-DTL structure, intensive attempts have been made to fulfill the design goals under the new conditions, e.g. long drift spaces, SC transverse focusing elements and high accelerating gradients. For the IFMIF DTL, the preliminary IAP design has been considerably improved with respect to the linac layout as well as the beam dynamics. By reserving sufficient drift spaces for the cryosystem, diagnostic devices, tuner and steerer, introducing SC solenoid lenses and adjusting the Linac Design for Intense Hadron Beams accelerating gradients and accordingly other configurations of the cavities (see Pages 78-80), a more realistic, reliable and efficient linac system has been designed. On the other hand, the specifications and positions of the transverse focusing elements (see Pages 81-82) as well as the phase- and energy-differences between the bunch-center particle and the synchronous particle at the beginning of the phi s=0° sections have been totally redesigned (see Pages 83-84) resulting in good beam performances in both radial and longitudinal planes. For the EUROTRANS injector DTL, in addition to the above-mentioned procedures, extra optimization concepts to coordinate the beam dynamics between two intensities, such as employing short adjustable rebunching cavities with phi s = -90° (see Page 116), have been applied. ...Energie und Umwelt sind zwei Hauptthemen im 21. Jahrhundert. Zurzeit wird der für das tägliche Leben benötigte Energiebedarf hauptsächlich aus fossilen Quellen abgedeckt, doch die dadurch verursachte Luftverschmutzung und der Treibhauseffekt bedrohen ernsthaft die Weiterentwicklung der Menschheit. Eine weitere Energiequelle, welche einen Großteil der Elektrizität für den Weltverbrauch liefert, ist die Kernspaltung. Jedoch stellen die ständig anwachsenden Mengen von radioaktivem Müll mit Halbwertszeiten von über eine Million Jahre ein wachsendes Problem dar. Die Beschleunigerphysik und -technologie eröffnet eine Lösungsmöglichkeit dieses Problems, weil beschleunigergestützte intensive Neutronenquellen eine wichtige Rolle für eine saubere nukleare Energieerzeugung übernehmen können: - Beschleunigergetriebene unterkritische Reaktorsysteme (englisch: "Accelerator Driven Systems", ADS) ermöglichen eine leichte Kontrolle des Reaktorbetriebes, so dass die Kernbrennstoffe vollständiger und sicherer verbraucht werden. - Das von der Europäischen Union geförderte Forschungsprogramm für die Transmutation von hoch radioaktiven Abfällen EUROTRANS wendet die ADS-Technologie an mit dem Ziel, die Radiotoxizität und Menge des radioaktiven Abfalls stark zu mindern. - Die "International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility" (IFMIF) wird geeignete Materialien für Fusionsreaktoren wie ITER durch Beschuss mit Neutronen untersuchen und so einen langfristigen Beitrag für eine sauberere und effizientere Erzeugung von Kernenergie durch Fusionsreaktionen leisten. Deshalb ist die Forschung und Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-Treiber-Linearbeschleuniger (Linacs) von weltweiter Bedeutung. Wie das Sprichwort (auch in China) sagt: "Aller Anfang ist schwer", so ist der Nieder- und Mittelenergiebereich gewöhnlich der anspruchsvollste Teil eines Beschleunigers. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden Strahldynamikuntersuchungen bei starkem Einfluss der Raumladungseffekte durchgeführt, wobei intensive Hadronenstrahlen im niedrigen und mittleren Energiebereich durch Hochfrequenz-Quadrupol- (englisch: "RFQ") und H-Mode Driftröhrenstrukturen (DTL) beschleunigt werden. Neben dem 5 bzw. 30mA, 17MeV Protoneninjektor (RFQ und DTL) für EUROTRANS und dem 125mA, 40MeV Deuteronen - DTL für IFMIF, wurde auch die strahldynamische Auslegung eines 200mA, 700keV Protonen-RFQs für die intensive Neutronenquelle FRANZ an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt untersucht. Die markantesten Eigenschaften des FRANZ-RFQs sowie des IFMIF-DTLs sind die Strahlintensitäten von 200mA respektive 125mA, welche jeweils Rekordwerte für Protonen- und Deuteronen- Linacs darstellen. Obgleich die geplanten Intensitäten der beiden Entwicklungsstufen XT-ADS (5mA) und EFIT (30mA) des EUROTRANS-Projektes sich im Rahmen der technologischen Möglichkeiten moderner Beschleuniger befinden, stellte in diesem Fall die Option einer leichten Ausbaumöglichkeit des XT-ADS Entwurfes für EFIT wegen der unterschiedlichen Teilchenströme eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Die am Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) unter Vernachlässigung der Raumladungskräfte entwickelte Vier-Sektionen-Prozedur für den RFQ-Entwurf war im Falle des 200mA FRANZ-RFQs sowie des EUROTRANS-RFQs nicht geeignet. Unter Aufgabe des von LANL entwickelten konstantes B-Kriteriums (konstante transversale Fokussierstärke), welches in den vorliegenden Fällen zu ineffizienten Parametersätzen geführt hätte, wurde ein neues Designkonzept für intensive Teilchenstrahlen mit der Bezeichnung "Balanced and Accelerated Beam Bunching at Low Energy" (BABBLE, siehe Seiten 55-58) ausgearbeitet. Dieses ist im Einklang mit dem Prozess der Strahlformierung unter Berücksichtigung der Raumladungseffekte und hat folgende Hauptmerkmale: 1) Die Synchronphase wird am Eingang konstant bei phi s=-90° gehalten, während die Modulation der Elektroden langsam erhöht wird. Dadurch erfährt der Strahl eine symmetrische und gemäßigte Fokussierung innerhalb der gesamten 360° Phasenakzeptanz. 2) In der nachfolgenden Hauptfokussierungs-Sektion wird B erhöht um die immer größer werdende ransversale Defokussierung zu kompensieren, wodurch auch die Geschwindigkeit und Stabilität des Fokussierungsprozesses erhöht wird. 3) Zu Beginn der Hauptbeschleunigung kommt es durch die schnell anwachsende Teilchengeschwindigkeit zu einer natürlichen Reduktion der transversalen Defokussierung, so dass auch B entsprechend reduziert wird, um das longitudinale Emittanzwachstum zu vermeiden und um größere Aperturen zu ermöglichen. Unter Ausnutzung der Vorteile der mäßigen anfänglichen Fokussierung sowie der daran anschließenden schnellen Fokussierung im Kräftegleichgewicht gemäß der "BABBLE"-Strategie, konnten ein 2m langer RFQ für FRANZ mit 98% Transmission und geringem Emittanzwachstum sowie ein 4.3m langer RFQ für EUROTRANS mit sehr geringen Teilchenverlusten und flachem Emittanzverlauf sowohl für 5mA wie auch für 30mA entworfen werden. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen die "BABBLE"-Strategie als allgemeinen Design-Ansatz, welcher effiziente RFQs mit guter Strahlqualität in einem weiten Bereich der Strahlintensitäten (0mA bis 200mA und höher) ermöglicht. Beim Entwurf des IFMIF DTLs sowie des Injektor DTLs für EUROTRANS, welche als erste Anwendungen der neuartigen, supraleitenden CH-Driftröhrenstruktur dienen könnten, wurden mit großer Sorgfalt versucht, die Designkriterien bei neuen Randbedingungen wie längere Driftstrecken, supraleitende transversale Fokussierelemente und hohe Beschleunigungsgradienten möglichst gut zu erfüllen. Im Falle des IFMIF-DTL wurde das ursprüngliche IAP-Design wesentlich verbessert, sowohl im Hinblick auf den Aufbau des Beschleunigers wie auch strahldynamisch. Es wurden ausreichend Driftstrecken für die Kryoelemente, Diagnosekomponenten, Tuner und Steeringmagnete vorgesehen, ferner wurden supraleitende Solenoidlinsen eingesetzt und die Beschleunigungsgradienten angepasst (siehe Seiten 78-80). Daraus resultierte ein realistischerer, zuverlässiger und effizienter Entwurf. Darüber hinaus wurden die Spezifikationen und Lagen der transversal fokussierenden Elemente (siehe Seiten 81-82), sowie die Phasen- und Energieablagen zwischen Schwerpunkt der Teilchenverteilung und Sollteilchen am Eingang der phi s=0° Sektionen neu bestimmt (siehe Seiten 83-84), wodurch verbesserte Ergebnisse in allen Raumebenen erzielt wurden. Im Falle des EUROTRANS Injektor-DTLs, wurden zusätzlich zu den obengenannten Maßnahmen Konzepte zur Anpassung der Strahldynamik für zwei verschiedene Strahlintensitäten entwickelt, wie zum Beispiel der Einsatz kurzer, abstimmbarer Rebunching- Kavitäten mit phi s = -90° (siehe Seite 116) ..
[[alternative]]The Effects of 12-Week Tai Chi Chuan Training on Lung Function and cardiovascular Fitness of Asthmatic Children
No full text[[abstract]]Regular exercise has benefits for releasing the symptoms of asthma; however, few researches have been conducted to exam the values of Tai Chi Chuan for the asthmatic children. The purposes of this research were to investigate the effects of 12-week Tai Chi Chuan training on lung function and cardio-respiratory fitness of asthmatic students. Thirty two asthmatic students ( average age was 9.77±1.79 years and body weight was 36.66±12.59kgs) were recruited as the subjects and randomly assigned into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The subjects of EG had received 12 week Chen-Style Tai Chi Chuan training, 3 days per week, 45 minutes each day with the intensity of 45-60% Maximal heart rate. The CG subjects received no training except 2 hours PE class activity each week for both groups. The Lung function test of each subject was taken before training、6 and 12 weeks after training, including the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF). The 800 meters run and walk test was measured before and after 12 weeks training. The collected data was analyzed by independent t-test and mixed two-way ANOVA and the results were as followed: 1. The FVC, FEV1 and PEF of lung function showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in a state of rest after 12 weeks of training. 2. The increased rate of post-exercise FVC and FEV1 of EG were significantly greater than that of CG (p<0.05) after 12 week of training. However, the ratio of improvement were not significant between EG and CG. 3. The lung function (FVC, FEV1 and PEF) after exercise with ice drink and cardiovascular fitness were not significant increase after training. The 12-week Tai Chi Chuan training showed positive effects on lung function of asthma-children in the rest state and post exercise condition.
The state of the art of the documentation of Philippine languages
No full textThe Philippines is a land with great linguistic diversity. According to the latest edition of Ethnologue (Gordon 2005), there are 175 languages spoken in the Philippines. Of these, 168 are Austronesian. In the past few decades, a number of articles summarizing the state of the art of Philippine linguistics have appeared, including Constantino 1971; McKaughan 1971; Reid 1981; Quakenbush 2003, 2005; Author 2006. However, none of these papers focus on the documentation of the languages of the Philippines. This paper fills in the gap by focusing the discussion on the state of the art of the documentation of Philippine languages. The term “Philippine languages” refers to indigenous languages of the Philippines. Thus, those languages that are not found in the geographical confines of the Philippines that have been proposed to be part of a subgroup of Philippine languages, such as Yami and the Sangiric, Minahasan, and Gorontalic languages of northern Sulawesi (Blust 1991), are excluded from the present study. Moreover, languages that are spoken inside the Philippines but are not considered to be indigenous to it, such as English, Spanish, and Chinese languages, are also excluded. This paper surveys works on Philippine languages with an attempt to address the following two questions. First, what types of work (e.g. dictionaries, grammars, texts, etc.) have been done on the documentation of Philippine languages? Second, are these works mainly done by Filipinos or non-Filipinos? Statements made in this paper are based on information gathered from the following sources: (i) Bibliography of the Summer Institute of Linguistics Philippines 1953-2003 (Johnson et al. 2003)—for SIL academic publications, (ii) annual reports of Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino; (iii) lists of publications directly solicited from scholars, (iv) abstracts of theses and dissertations, Department of Linguistics, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines at Diliman, and (v) web search. It is hoped that this study not only offers an overview of the documentation of Philippine languages, but also can inspire more linguists and/or local communities to get involve in the documentation of Philippine languages. Moreover, it is hoped that this study can also inspire and/or encourage more Filipinos to work on documenting Philippine languages. [Word count: 359 words] References Author. 2006. Philippine linguistics: The state of the art 1981-2005. Paper delivered as the Annual Lecture for “The Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Distinguished Professorial Chair in Linguistics and Language Education”, March 4, 2006, at De La Salle University in Manila. Blust, Robert A. 1991. The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis. Oceanic Linguistics 30:73-129. Constantino, Ernesto. 1971. Tagalog and other major languages of the Philippines. In Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol. 8: Linguistics in Oceania, ed. by Thomas A. Sebeok, 112-154. The Hague and Paris: Mouton. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 15th edition. (http://www.ethnologue.com/) Johnson, Rex A., Grace O. Tan, and Cynthia Goshert, compilers. 2003. Bibliography of the Summer Institute of Linguistics Philippines 1953-2003 (50th Anniversary Edition). Manila: Summer Institute of Linguistics Philippines. [Bibliography alphabetically listed by language names] McKaughan, Howard P. 1971. Minor languages of the Philippines. Current Trends in Linguistics, Volume 8: Linguistics in Oceania, Part One, ed. by Thomas A. Sebeok, 155-167. The Hague: Mouton. Quakenbush, J. Stephen. 2003. Philippine linguistics from an SIL perspective: Trends and prospects. Philippine Journal of Linguistics 34(1):1-27. Quakenbush, J. Stephen. 2005. Philippine linguistics from an SIL perspective: Trends and prospects. In Current issues in Philippine linguistics and anthropology: Parangal kay Lawrence A. Reid, ed. by Hsiu-chuan Liao and Carl R. Galvez Rubino, 3-27. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and SIL Philippines. Reid, Lawrence A. 1981. Philippine linguistics: The state of the art: 1970-1980. In Philippine studies: Political science, economics, and linguistics, ed. by Don V. Hart, 212-273. DeKalb: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University
The Technical Report of Track and Field: An Example of Shu –Chuan Chen’s
No full text[[abstract]]Sport science research is more and more sophisticated in modern era, and it is also the indispensibl element of sport competition developing. This technical report was to explore the training and competition program though the example of Shu-Chuan Chen’s 200meter sprint in East Asian games in 2009 East Asian Games in order to provide a reference for coaches and athletes in the future. There were four chapters in this technical report,- and the contents in each chapter were summarized as follows:
In Chapter one, the basic information was .about the subject used in this report was described in details. Shu-Chuan Chen, the author as the subject, was born at Pingtung County Taiwan. She started in track and field training in junior high school. When she was16 years old, she left for Taipei to engage in an intensive200-meter-sprint training. She encountered a severe injury as she was 22 but return to the track event training soon. The sport science theories about the training techniques used in this report were explord in Chapter two. Firstly, the energy system of the 200 meter sprint consists of 98% ATP-PC and 2% Lactic Acid system. For this reason, our training project focused on prompting the ATP-PC system. Secondly, the200-meter-sprint is one kind of closed-chain event in the psychological aspect-.Thus, mental imagery practice and self implication were applied as Part of psychological training. Thirdly, the subject used 300 meter and 400 meter sprint as the physical fitness training to improve the capacity of muscle endurance .Weight training and flexibility exercises were also scheduled as regular workouts to enhance the running skill. Finally, Rise to run in curved way-the gulf start in the curve, Curve runs, Curve-to-straight, Finish-line training skill training for 200 meter sprint. The content in Chapter three demonstrated the training and competition programs for this subject participating in 2009 East Asian Games. The training program was designed as a curve, which was constructed after S.W.O.T. analyses to training specificity and intrinsic and extrinsic elements of the training environment. The competition, program contained individual equipment, competiton process, and the rear service and supports. All of the results and recommendations about such training and competition were presented in Chapter four. Although 2009 East Asian Games was the main course for this subject’s project, the outcome did not meet the subject’s goal due to some factors which were discussed deeply in this chapter. This also as a valuable lesson for subject.
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