196,209 research outputs found
WEAKNESS CONCEPT IN KUR'AN
No full textMüstaz'af kavramı Kur'an'da kullanılan kavramlardan biridir. Kur'an'da z-a-f kökünden müştak olmak üzere birçok kullanım vardır. Bu kullanımların iki temel anlamı vardır. Biri zayıf ve güçsüz olmak, ikincisi kat kat olmak. Bunun yanında bu kökten türeyen kelimelerin aciz olmak, güçsüz bırakmak, zayıf ve güçsüz görmek, zaaflık göstermek gibi anlamları da vardır. Aynı zamanda tabi olanlar, çaresiz erkekler kadınlar ve çocuklar anlamında kullanımlarda mevcuttur. Kur'an'da müstaz'af zayıf ve güçsüz olmak anlamında kullanılmıştır. Müstaz'af kavramıyla kavimleri içerisinde güçsüz bırakılan kesimlerin davranış biçimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Bunlardan bir kısmının davranışı tasvip edilmiştir. Çünkü bunlar gerçek manada müstaz'aftırlar. Bir kısmının davranışı Kur'an tarafından şiddetle tenkit edilmiştir. Bunlar ise gerçekte müstaz'aflardan değildir. Sadece kendilerini sorumluluktan kurtarmak için böyle görünmeyi tercih eden kimselerdir. Kur'an'a göre bazı müstaz'aflar zayıf olmalarına rağmen kendilerine zulmeden kimselere bir direnç göstermişlerdir. Bunlar gösterdikleri bu mukavemete karşılık olarak dünya ve ahiret hayatında ödüllendirilmişlerdir. Diğer müstaz'af grup ise içerisinde yaşadıkları toplumla birlikte hareket etmişlerdir. Kur'an bu çeşit müstaz'afları tasvip etmemekte, onları eleştirmektedir. Kur'an, bu müstaz'aflardan yaşadıkları belde de dinlerini ve değerlerini ortaya koyamama durumunda hicret etmelerini istemektedir. Başka bir grup müstaz'af ise kavimleri içerisinde yaşayan fakat çeşitli sebeplerle hicret etme imkânı olmayan edememişlerdir. Bu bakımdan maruz görülebilir. Fakat hicret etme fırsatı bulduklarında kendilerinden hemen hicret etmeleri beklenir. Ayrıca zalim bir kavim içerisinde yaşamak zorunda kalan, hicret edemeyen müstaz'afların kurtarılması gerekir. Kur'an, bu müstaz'aflar için savaşmayı diğer Müslümanlara bir zorunluluk olarak görür.The concept of weakness (Müstaz'af) is one of the notions used in Kur'an. In Kur'an, there are many usage of this word derived from the roots of z-a-f. There are two basic means of these us. The first one is being weak and powerless, and the second is plication or to grow exponentially. Besides the words which derived from this root have also meanings such as, be incapable, leave weak, see weak and powerless and show weakness. Therewithal, there are usages meant to dependent ones, desperate men, women and children The müstaz'af is used in Kur'an within the meaning of being weak and powerless. By the concept of Müstaz'af the behavior of communities left powerless in their nations were revealed. The behavior of some of them has been approved. Because these are weak and powerless in the real sense. The behavior of some has been strongly criticized by the Qur'an. The latter ones are not really of the weak and powerless. They are the ones who seem such just prefer to avoid responsibility. According to Kur'an, although they were weak, some weak and powerless ones showed a resistance to persecuted people. They were awarded in life of this world and the hereafter in response to the strength that they showed. The other vulnerable groups acted with the community in which they live. Kur'an does not approve of this kind of weak and powerless people and criticizes them. Kur'an want from these people to emigrate in case of failure to reval their religion and values in the town they live. Another weak and powerless group is the ones who live within their tribes but for various reasons not have the opportunity to migrate. They could not emigrate due to facilities did not allow. In this regard, they could be excused. But it is expected from them immediately to migrate whenever they found opportunity for emigration. Furthermore, the weak and powerless peoples (Müstaz'af) who are forced to live in a cruel tribes and unable to emigrate must be rescued. The Kur'an sees as an obligation for other muslims to fight for these müstaz'af
Designation of Environmental Impacts and Damages of Turbojet Engine: A Case Study with GE-J85
No full textBetween the troposphere and stratosphere layers of the atmosphere is a critical zone for collecting emissions and negative effects on the Earth (ecological, humanity, and resources). Aircrafts are the main causes of the impacts in this layer. In this study, environmental effects (Damages, Specific Fuel Consumption Impact-SFCI and Thrust Environmental Impact-TEI) of different fueled (Jet-A and Liquid Hydrogen-H2) jet engines (a case study with GE-J85) are investigated. This comparison was made between 7000–10,000 m altitude and 0.7–1.0 Mach. The maximum damages were found to be 82.44 PDF∙m2∙yr (Potentially Disappeared Fraction from one m2 area during one year), 1.75 × 10−3 DALY (disability-adjusted life years), and 8100 MJ Surplus for Ecosystem Quality, Human Health and Resources, respectively, at Jet-A fueled aircraft, 1 Mach, and 7000 m altitude. Additionally, the maximum SFCI was calculated as 344.03 mPts/kg at H2-fueled, 0.7 Mach, and 10,000 m; the minimum TEI was calculated as 13.78 mPts/N at H2-fueled aircraft, 0.7 Mach, and 9000 m. The best environmental (low specific fuel consumption and thrust impacts) flight situations were found in this study at a high altitude and a low Mach number
Centri-voltammetric detection of epinephrine
No full textVarol, Tugba Oren/0000-0003-3680-5743; anik, ulku/0000-0002-3607-7208;The present study demonstrates a novel approach that has been proposed for epinephrine detection by using centri-voltammetry. the principle of the method is based on the accumulation of an analyte, here epinephrine, onto an electrode surface via centrifugal force. After the accumulation of epinephrine, a direct voltammetric scan was performed in a specially fabricated centri-voltammetric cell. A remarkable increase in the oxidation peak current of epinephrine was observed in the case of centrifuge application. Experimental parameters like the centrifugation speed and centrifugation time were optimized and then the analytical characteristics were examined. Two linear ranges were obtained between 0.2-20 mu M and 50-500 mu M for epinephrine and limit of detection (LOD) values were also calculated for both linear ranges to be 0.013 mu M and 0.043 mu M, respectively. As a practical application, the developed method was applied to epinephrine detection in adrenaline ampoule samples
Graphene-metallic nanocomposites as modifiers in electrochemical glucose biosensor transducers
No full textanik, ulku/0000-0002-3607-7208; Tepeli Buyuksunetci, Yudum/0000-0002-4717-7933Graphene sheets and three different graphene-metallic nanocomposites including graphene-copper (graphene-Cu), graphene-nickel (graphene-Ni) and graphene-platinum (graphene-Pt) were prepared and characterized in the first place. Then the electrochemical performances of these nanocomposites were tested in glucose biosensor transducers, which were formed by combining these metallic nanocomposites with glucose oxidase enzyme and glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE). This is the first work that includes the usage of these graphene-Me nanocomposites as a part of glucose biosensor transducer. Fabricated amperometric biosensors linear ranges were obtained as follow: For the plain graphene, the linear range was found in the concentration range between 50 mu Mand 800 mu Mwith the RSD (n= 3 for 50 mu M glucose) value of 12.86% and LOD value of 7.2 mu M. For graphene-Pt modified glucose biosensor, the linear range was between 10 mu M and 600 mu M with the RSD (n= 3 for 50 mu M glucose) value of 3.45% and LOD value of 3.06 mu M. in the case of graphene-Ni modified glucose biosensor, the values were 25 mu M to 600 mu M with the RSD (n= 3 for 50 mu M glucose) value of 8.76% and LOD value of 24.71 mu M and for graphene-Cu modified glucose biosensor linear range was 25 mu M to 400 mu M with the RSD (n= 3 for 50 mu M glucose) value of 3.93% and LOD value of 2.87 mu M
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A Parametric Study of a Piston-Prop Aircraft Engine Using Exergy and Exergoeconomic Analysis Methods
No full text6th International Green Energy Conference (IGEC) -- JUN 05-09, 2011 -- Eskisehir, TURKEYWOS: 000348028600002In this study, exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis methods are applied to a four-cylinder, spark ignition (SI), naturally aspirated and air-cooled piston-prop aircraft engine in the cruise phase of flight operations. The duration of cruise is selected to be 1 h. Three parameters, altitude, rated power setting (PS), and air-to-fuel ratio (AF), are varied by the calculation of the max-min values of exergy analysis. Based on the results of energy analysis, the values for the maximum energy efficiency and fuel consumption flow rate are calculated to be 21.73% and 28.02 kg/h, respectively, at 1000-m altitude and 75% PS. The results of exergy analysis indicate that all exergetic values vary from 65% to 75% PS, while this increase is not seen in exergoeconomic analysis. While the maximum exergy input rate is obtained to be 405.60 kW, exergy efficiency has the minimum value with 14.43% and exergy destruction rate has the maximum value with 168.48 kW. These values are achieved at 3000-m altitude and 18 AFs. The maximum average exergy cost of the fuel is calculated to be 130.77 /h, the maximum exergoeconomic factor is found to be 19.98%.Anadolu University Research Foundation [1001F01]The authors thank Anadolu University Research Foundation for the financial support provided under Contract Number 1001F01
Cervical radiculopathy and spinal cord indentation caused by vertebral artery loop
No full textCervical radiculopathy and spinal cord indentation caused by vertebral artery loop formation is a rare entity. We report here an 85-year-old woman had a four-year history of neck pain and left arm weakness. Radiologic evaluation showed vertebral artery loop formation compressing the adjacent nerve root and spinal cord. Accurate radiologic diagnosis of this condition is crucial to reduce unexpected surgical complications
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