131,527 research outputs found
Data for: Risk of Ipsilateral Deep Vein Thromnbosis after use of AngioSeal closure device in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
No full textDataset including retrospective data for subarachnoid hemorrhage patients at a single institutio
An exploration of the relationships among facial dimensions, age, sex, dominance status and personality in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
No full textAspects of personality in nonhuman primates have been linked to health, social relationships, and life history outcomes. In humans as well as nonhuman primates, facial morphology is associated with assertiveness, aggression, and measures of dominance status. In this study we aimed to examine the relationship among facial morphology, age, sex, dominance status, and ratings on the personality dimensions Confidence, Openness, Assertiveness, Friendliness, Activity, and Anxiety in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We measured facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and lower-height/full-height ratio (fLHFH) using photographs from 109 captive rhesus macaques, which observers also assessed for dominance status and personality, and explored the associations among facial morphology, age, sex, dominance status, and personality. fWHR and fLHFH personality associations depended on age category: Assertiveness was associated with higher fWHR and fLHFH, and Confidence was associated with lower fWHR and fLHFH, but all these associations were consistent only in individuals <8 yr. of age. We found fWHR and fLHFH to not be consistently associated with sex or dominance status; compared to younger individuals, we found few associations with fWHR and fLHFH for individuals older than 8 yr., which may be due to limited sample size. Our results indicate that in macaques <8 yr. old, facial morphology is associated with the Assertiveness and Confidence personality dimensions, which is consistent with results suggesting a relationship between fWHR and trait aggression in humans and assertiveness in brown capuchins, all of which implies that fWHR might be a cue to assertive and aggressive traits
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Chimpanzee personality and its relations with cognition and health: a comparative perspective
No full textThis thesis aimed to address two main questions. First, considering that
personality is frequently associated with cognitive abilities in humans, do chimpanzees’
personalities and cognitive capacities covary in ways similar to what is observed in
humans, as well as older evolutionary cousins, rhesus macaques? Second, given that
human and animal personality have previously been shown to relate to health and
longevity, does personality in chimpanzees also relate to various measures of health?
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to and brief history of comparative
personality psychology, particularly in the context of intelligence research and
psychosomatic medicine.
Chapter 2 describes three studies with a group of 19 zoo-housed chimpanzees
who interacted with touchscreen tasks over the course of 3 years of research. We found
that high Conscientious chimpanzees were more likely to stick with the tasks, and
performed better as a results, but once their extra experience was taken into account,
their performance advantage disappeared. However, we also found associations between
better interest and performance with high Openness, high Extraversion, and low
Agreeableness.
In Chapter 3 we examine performance in conjunction with personality, with 9
rhesus macaques. The macaques also engaged with touchscreen tasks, but were expert
subjects and displayed plateau performance. We found consistent associations between
many measures of performance and both high Openness and high Friendliness (which is
similar to Extraversion).
With Chapter 4 we transition to our studies of personality and health. Chapter 4
examines personality and longevity in a sample of 538 personality rated, captive
chimpanzees. These chimpanzees were followed for between 6 and 23 years after being
rated. We found that high Agreeableness chimpanzees were more likely to live longer,
but no other personality traits had a significant impact on longevity.
In Chapter 5, we compared biomarkers from samples of 177 chimpanzees
housed at the Yerkes National Primate Research Centre, and 29,314 humans from the
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Both samples had been tested for
the most common haematological and metabolic blood biomarkers, and we used these
to assess stress in the form of allostatic load, between species. We found a similar
structure of biomarkers in across humans and chimpanzees.
In Chapter 6, we took our allostatic load measure from chapter 5 and looked at
how it was associated with personality, in the same chimpanzee sample from the Yerkes
Primate Centre, and in the longitudinal Midlife in the United States and Midlife in Japan
biomarker study samples, which consisted of 993 and 382 individuals, respectively. We
found that Agreeableness was associated with allostatic load in both human samples,
whereas Dominance was associated with allostatic load in chimpanzees.
Finally, Chapter 7 summarises the results presented in these five empirical
chapters, and places our findings in the context of the existing literature. We discuss the
limitations of the research, and offer some suggestions for future study
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
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