1,720,953 research outputs found
Microalbuminuria among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Gaza Strip
Get PDFDiabetic nephropathy is defined as the appearance of persistent proteinuria in an individual with diabetes. The present study was carried out to assess microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetic patients in the Gaze strip. The target population was type 2 diabetic patients from Al Remal diabetic clinic. The sample size was 99 type 2 diabetic patients (44 males and 55 females) and 95 healthy individuals (52 males and 43 females) aged 30-60 years. Data were collected from a questionnaire interview and biochemical analysis of blood and urine samples of the diabetics and controls. Random spot urine and fasting blood samples were collected. Microalbuminuria was determined by immunoturbodimetric technique to calculate albumin/creatinine ratio. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HbA1c and C-reactive protein were determined. Urine components including urea, creatinine and phosphorus were measured. Dipstick was used to exclude macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria was confirmed by 24 hours collection. Results showed that 22.2% were microalbuminuric diabetic patients, 22.2% were macroalbuminuric diabetic patients and 55.5% normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria was found to be related to diabetes mellitus (X2=10.0 and P=0.002). There were significant differences in age and body mass index between controls and diabetic patients (t=8.8, p=0.000 and X2=27.87, P=0.000). Smoking was significantly associated with macroalbuminuria (X2=8.33, P=0.004). About half of patients were found to be diabetics since 5 years or less and they can develop microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria within this period. Serum urea, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were significantly decreased in diabetic patients compared to controls 23.89±6.80, 0.49±0.15 and 3.05±0.98 respectively versus 26.65±6.98, 0.57±0.11 and 3.79±0.85, respectively with t=2.8, p=0.006,t=4.12, p=0.000 and t=5.6, p=0.000 respectively. In microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric diabetic patients, only urea concentrations were significantly increased 26.00±9.29 and 25.59±8.35 mg/dl compared to that of normoalbuminurics 22.38±4.24 mg/dl, (t=2.35, p=0.021 and t = 2.2, p = 0.030). In urine, urea and creatinine showed significant decreases among diabetics compared to controls (1426.97+542.43, 105.94+59.50, respectively) compared to controls (1627.16+552.71, 132.55+63.23 respectively) with t=2.55, p=0.012 and t=3.02, p=0.003 respectively. In microalbuminuric diabetic patients urine, urea, creatinine and phosphorus showed significant decreases compared to normoalbuminurics (1153.64±434.22, 72.32±42.39 and 32.14±15.44, respectively) compared to normoalbuminurics (1454.±509.24, 110.21±54.23 and 51.78±32.86, respectively) with t=2.34, p=0.022, t=2.84, p=0.006 and t=2.66, p=0.010, respectively. Iron and magnesium levels were significantly decreased in diabetics 78.31±29.29 and 2.04±0.21 compared to controls 92.05±30.51, 2.15±0.16 with (t=3.5, p=0.001 and t=4.26, p=0.000). In contrast potassium levels were increased 4.74±0.37 compared to controls 4.61±0.36 (t=2.31, p=0.022). Calcium levels were increased in microalbuminuric diabetic patients 9.81±0.31 and normoalbuminurics 9.57±0.49 in relation to serum levels of calcium with t=2.03, p=0.046 and iron levels were increased in macroalbuminuric79.18±30.37 and normoalbuminurics 77.00±28.71 with (t=2.41, p=0.018). ALP was significantly increased in diabetics 131.91+38.73 compared to controls 117.40+23.06 with (t=3.15, p=0.002). Lipid profile including, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C were higher among diabetics (198.90+ 30.50, 227.27 + 116.59 and 128.27+ 40.38, respectively ) compared with those of controls (186.22+ 33.43, 128.98 + 53.01 and 109.04+ 29.42 respectively ) with t=2.76, p=0.006, t=7.51, p=0.000 and t=2.60, p=0.010. In contrast, the average of HDL-C of diabetics (44.30+7.60) was lower than that of controls (47.14+5.83) with t=2.90, p=0.004. However, these parameters were not affected by the presence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. HbA1c was significantly increased in diabetic patients versus controls 6.73+1.22 versus 5.26+0.57 with t=23.22, p=0.000 and microalbuminuric diabetic patients have significantly higher HbA1c than normoalbuminurics 7.27±1.65 and 6.55±1.09 with (X2=7.75, p=0.021)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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