742 research outputs found
Tragödie im nördlichen Harzvorland?Anthropologische Bearbeitung und Interpretationdes eisenzeitlichen Massengrabes von Wester-hausen, Ldkr. Quedlinburg
No full textBei den bauvorbereitenden Ausgrabungen an der Trasse für die neue Bundesstraße B6n konnte 2oo3 nahe der Ortschaft Westerhausen, Ldkr. Quedlinburg, ein Aufsehen erregender Befund freigelegt werden: In einer annähernd runden Grube lagen die gut erhaltenen Skelette mehrerer Menschen in zum Teil unnatürlichen Körperhaltungen über- und nebeneinander (Jacobi u. a. 2oo7).
Anhand einiger weniger mit einem der Skelette assoziierter Artefakte konnte der Befund in die frühe vorrömische Eisenzeit datiert werden
Spuren und Ursachen physischer Gewalt im Neolithikum - eine Bilanz
No full textDie Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Aggression und Gewalt wird - auch prähistorisch - sehr kontrovers geführt. Dieser Beitrag stützt sich primär auf bioarchäologische Quellen zur Gewalt im Neolithikum. Zum einen ist die Quellenlage hier besser als für andere Zeitperioden, zum anderen findet um die Wende zum Holozän eine der radikalsten Veränderungen in der Lebensweise während der Menschheitsgeschichte statt. Wir fragen zunächst, ob der Mensch von Natur aus gewalttätig ist und problematisieren anschließend Nachweise physischer Gewalt in prähistorischen und modernen Gesellschaften. Durch die Beschäftigung mit der Evidenz prähistorischer Gewalt nähern wir uns ihren möglichen Beweggründen. Aggression ist der Motor für zwischenmenschliche und kollektive Gewalt, wird durch neurobiologische und sozialpsychologische Mechanismen gesteuert und durch Kultur und Sozialisation überprägt. Formen und Ursachen zwischenmenschlicher und kollektiver Gewalt werden eingehend erörtert. Wichtige Erkenntnisse betreffen die Feststellung, dass Gewalt ein evolutionäres Erbe ist, das tief in der menschlichen Natur wurzelt aber Töten kein Naturgesetz darstellt. Zum Schluss kommen wir thematisch zum Neolithikum zurück, um eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der prähistorischen Forschung zu Gewalt vorzunehmen. Datenlage und Datenqualität zu Gewalt im prähistorischen Kontext sind derzeit noch als problematisch anzusehen
Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) – w oczach jego biografów
Get PDFKurt Lewin\u27s views and work have had, and continue to have, a fascinating influence on many authors who write about his life\u27s journey and work, based on their own knowledge and the state of research into that work. Kurt Lewin has a permanent place in the history of psychology, but despite this, depending on the author\u27s point of view, images of his work vary. Following in the footsteps of Graumann (1992/2007), this paper examines his view that 20th century psychology was not prepared to receive and understand the works of Kurt Lewin. Graumann\u27s position is justified by the fact that individual biographers limited their focus on Lewin\u27s work to either the „Berlin period” or that in the United States. By doing so, they blurred the complexity and clarity of the picture of his life space, which, however, already began in Mogilno and Poznan.Poglądy i twórczość Kurta Lewina wywierały i nadal wywierają fascynujący wpływ na wielu autorów, którzy piszą o jego drodze życiowej oraz twórczości, opierając się na własnej wiedzy oraz na stanie badań nad ową twórczością. Kurt Lewin ma trwałe miejsce w historii psychologii, ale pomimo to, w zależności od punktu widzenia autora, obrazy jego dorobku są różne. Idąc śladem Graumanna (1992/2007), w artykule przeanalizowano jego pogląd, że psychologia XX wieku nie była przygotowana na przyjęcie i zrozumienie dzieł Kurta Lewina. Stanowisko Graumanna uzasadnia to, że poszczególni biografowie ograniczali swoje zainteresowania pracami Lewina albo do „okresu berlińskiego”, albo tego w USA. Tym samym zacierali złożoność i wyrazistość obrazu jego przestrzeni życiowej, która rozpoczynała się jednak już w Mogilnie i w Poznaniu
A (Re-)creative Voyage on the Ark to the End of the World, or How an Author Fashioned Himself as a God, or a Diablo with Darwin: On Kurt Vonnegut’s Galapagos
No full textThis paper analyzes the novel Galapagos by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. in its thematic and formal dimensions. The author aims, first, to identify the work’s references to scientific issues concerning Darwin’s theory of evolution and so-called “social Darwinism.” Secondly, he identifies the novel’s strictly literary references, the citation of which allows him to draw conclusions about the nature of its intertextuality. Of particular relevance here is the relationship of the Galapagos with the biblical myth of the Flood. As a result, the author of the article substantiates the hypothesis that Vonnegut consistently cultivates, for deeply didactic purposes, postmodern metafiction with a moralistic [email protected]ł Filologiczny, Uniwersytet w BiałymstokuAllen William Rodney [ed.] (1988), Conversations with Kurt Vonnegut, Jackson and London: University Press of Mississippi.Freese Peter (1995), Surviving the End: Apocalypse, Evolution, and Entropy in Bernard Malamud, Kurt Vonnegut, and Thomas Pynchon, “Critique”, Vol. 36, No. 3, s. 163–176.Freese Peter (2009), The Clown of Armageddon: The Novels of Kurt Vonnegut, Heidelberg: Druck.George P.J. (2011), Devastation of Nature and the Devaluation of Life: Ecological Concerns in Kurt Vonnegut, “Literary Insight”, Vol. 2, s. 86–91.Jameson Frederic (1982), Progress Versus Utopia: or, Can We Imagine the Future?, “Science Fiction Studies”, Vol. 9, No. 2, s. 147–158.Longman Tremper (2001), Song of Songs, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.Marshall Ian (2017), Kurt Vonnegut’s “Homage to Santa Rosali”: “The Patroness of Evolutionary Studies” and “Galapagos”, “Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture”, Vol. 1, Iss. 1, s. 137–148.McInnis Gilbert (2011), Evolutionary Mythology in the Writings of Kurt Vonnegut, Palo Alto: Academica Press.Mustazza Leonard (1990), Forever Pursuing Genesis: The Myth of Eden in the Novels of Kurt Vonnegut, Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Presses.Mustazza Loonard (1991), A Darwinian Eden: Science and Myth in Kurt Vonneguts “Galapagos”, “Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts”, Vol. 3, Iss. 2, s. 55–65.Pardee Shiela (2015), Drifting and Foundering: Evolutionary Theory in Kurt Vonnegut’s “Galapagos”, w: Shipwreck and IslandMotifs in Literature and the Arts, ed. B. le Juez, Rodopi: Brill, s. 249–265.Priyadharshini Ms. S., Fantasy: An Alternative World to the World of Reality in Kurt Vonnegut’s Galapagos, “The Indian Review of World Literature in English” 2017, Vol. 13, No. 1, s. 14–20.Rosen Elizabeth K. (2008), Apocalyptic Transformation: Apocalypse and the Postmodern Imagination, Lanham: Lexington Books.Świderkówna Anna (1995), Rozmowy o Biblii, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Vonnegut Kurt (1992), Galapagos, przeł. D. Józefowicz, Warszawa: Czytelnik.Vonnegut Kurt (1996), Rzeźnia numer pięć, przeł. L. Jęczmyk, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Da Capo.1924326
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-controlled LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is a key archive for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel
provides continuous, several year-long records, which spatially-resolved sampling can ‘read’ at seasonal or higher time resolution.
Yet it remains underexplored how much an initially incorporated compositional signal is overprinted by the two-stage
enamel mineralization process, which affects the finally achievable time-resolution. We report results of a systematic investigation
into histologically-defined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupledplasma
mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca are investigated as commonly-utilized proxies of
(palaeo)diet, mineralization and/or pollution in modern and archaeological samples. Our modern human teeth are from
unequivocally breast-fed and formula-fed individuals, respectively. By focusing on two profiles that are time-equivalent yet
topographically different, namely the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) vs. enamel prisms (P), we evaluate the compositional
effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation on elemental proxies throughout enamel thickness. These two broadly orthogonal
orientations are compared with the connecting Neonatal/Retzius (NNL/R) profiles that represent nominal isogrowth events
during enamel secretion, which – if later maturation had no effect – should show invariant compositional signals across enamel.
However, we find that all NNL/R profiles record systematically varying compositions across enamel, with Sr/Ca always
decreasing by 30–80% and Zn/Ca increasing near-exponentially 20–35 times towards outer enamel. As such they can be used
to benchmark the extent of enamel maturation. Since all prism profiles reveal signals similar to NNL/R for Sr, Zn and in part
Ba, this unequivocally demonstrates that P-orientations are equally overprinted by maturation, in all cases with increasing
intensity towards outer enamel. EDJ and P profiles do not match one-another despite representing coeval secretion time,
and we infer that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along the EDJ (approx. 100 lm) where maturation
had the least effect. Using a simple two-component mixing model we show that during maturation only a moderate
increase (1.3–1.9) in discrimination against Sr is required to explain the Sr/Ca patterns. The Zn/Ca increase on the other
hand is interpreted to reflect the Zn-binding motifs of the enzymes MMP-20 (matrix metalloproteinase-20) and KLK-4 (kallikrein-4) active during enamel secretion and maturation, which may preferentially imprint a Zn compositional signal in
maturing enamel. In the case of Ba/Ca we find no systematic patterns analogous to that of Sr and Zn in modern samples.
Moreover, cryptic diagenesis affecting Ba in otherwise well-preserved fossil teeth argues for caution when using Ba/Ca to infer
nutritional signals without additional elemental/isotopic corroboration. Unlike all other investigated elements, Pb/Ca shows
broadly similar EDJ-P profiles, and nearly invariant R-signals across enamel, which may reflect the affinity of Pb to both
organic molecules and inorganic apatite during enamel mineralization. Overall our results reveal the element-specific behaviour
of Sr, Zn, Ba and Pb during enamel mineralization
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-defined LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is a key archive for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel provides continuous, several year-long records, which spatially-resolved sampling can ‘read’ at seasonal or higher time resolution. Yet it remains underexplored how much an initially incorporated compositional signal is overprinted by the two-stage enamel mineralization process, which affects the finally achievable time-resolution. We report results of a systematic investigation into histologically-defined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Sr/Ca, Zn/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca are investigated as commonly-utilized proxies of (palaeo)diet, mineralization and/or pollution in modern and archaeological samples. Our modern human teeth are from unequivocally breast-fed and formula-fed individuals, respectively. By focusing on two profiles that are time-equivalent yet topographically different, namely the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) vs. enamel prisms (P), we evaluate the compositional effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation on elemental proxies throughout enamel thickness. These two broadly orthogonal orientations are compared with the connecting Neonatal/Retzius (NNL/R) profiles that represent nominal isogrowth events during enamel secretion, which – if later maturation had no effect – should show invariant compositional signals across enamel. However, we find that all NNL/R profiles record systematically varying compositions across enamel, with Sr/Ca always decreasing by 30–80% and Zn/Ca increasing near-exponentially 20–35 times towards outer enamel. As such they can be used to benchmark the extent of enamel maturation. Since all prism profiles reveal signals similar to NNL/R for Sr, Zn and in part Ba, this unequivocally demonstrates that P-orientations are equally overprinted by maturation, in all cases with increasing intensity towards outer enamel. EDJ and P profiles do not match one-another despite representing coeval secretion time, and we infer that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along the EDJ (approx. ≤ 100 μm) where maturation had the least effect. Using a simple two-component mixing model we show that during maturation only a moderate increase (1.3–1.9×) in discrimination against Sr is required to explain the Sr/Ca patterns. The Zn/Ca increase on the other hand is interpreted to reflect the Zn-binding motifs of the enzymes MMP-20 (matrix metalloproteinase-20) and KLK-4 (kallikrein-4) active during enamel secretion and maturation, which may preferentially imprint a Zn compositional signal in maturing enamel. In the case of Ba/Ca we find no systematic patterns analogous to that of Sr and Zn in modern samples. Moreover, cryptic diagenesis affecting Ba in otherwise well-preserved fossil teeth argues for caution when using Ba/Ca to infer nutritional signals without additional elemental/isotopic corroboration. Unlike all other investigated elements, Pb/Ca shows broadly similar EDJ-P profiles, and nearly invariant R-signals across enamel, which may reflect the affinity of Pb to both organic molecules and inorganic apatite during enamel mineralization. Overall our results reveal the element-specific behaviour of Sr, Zn, Ba and Pb during enamel mineralization
Enamel mineralization and compositional time-resolution in human teeth evaluated via histologically-controlled LA-ICPMS profiles
No full textMammalian dental enamel is of key interest for the reconstruction of past environments. Sequentially mineralizing enamel (e.g. ~15 years in humans) provides a several year-long archive that spatiallyresolved sampling can ‘read’ at high-time resolution, yet how much enamel maturation overprints any primary signal remains underexplored. We report results of a systematic investigation of histologicallydefined compositional profiles from human enamel obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). By focusing on two time-equivalent, yet topographically contrasting orientations, along the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) and enamel prisms, we evaluate the compositional effect of enamel secretion vs. maturation throughout varying enamel thickness. These two time-equivalent profiles are compared with those along nominal isogrowth profiles (all relating to enamel secretion), namely neonatal/ Retzius lines (NNL / R) that connect the other two profiles. We focus on Sr/Ca, Pb/Ca, Zn/Ca and Ba/Ca as commonly-utilized proxies of (palaeo)diet, pollution and/or mineralization in both modern and archaeological individuals. Overall, we demonstrate that the elemental ratios investigated behave strongly differently with respect to maturation overprint and that the highest degree of initial signal variability can be retrieved along and closest to the EDJ. The corresponding data will be presented and discussed in the context of mineralization models and mechanisms
Inventory for a Reverse Journey. Photographic Image and Found Object - An investigation of travel and material transformation as a paradigm of artist's practice: Ed Ruscha, Douglas Huebler, Bas jan Ader, Jimmie Durham, Gustav Metzger, Kurt Schwitters & Cian Quayle.
Get PDFInventory for Reverse Journey is the title of a collection of photographic artefacts and found objects, which I have collected over the last twenty years. The title refers to one specific type of artist's journey, which is applicable to the `chronotope' of my archive, as a `metaphorical journey in space and time' (Bakhtin 1981, p. 81). The `city',`provincial town', `road', `threshold' and `interior' are recurrent motifs, which Bakhtin fused together to describe the historical evolution of the novel in relation to its different genres. Bakhtin's motifs are expanded as the basis of an evolutionary nomenclature of the artist's-journey, as a form of spatial mapping and identity formation. Alongside other sources from literature (Alain Robbe-Grillet), cinema (Michelangelo Antonioni), psychoanalysis (Kierkegaard) and critical theory (Walter Benjamin) I have developed a theoretical framework, which initially originated in an empirical process, that is reflected in the antecedents of this project. The research process, as a journey itself, has concretised this approach within a systems-based practice. This is mirrored in the work of the artists under investigation, as their differences and similarities are highlighted within a broad contextual analysis. Accordingly the tone of the writing shifts its register at different points in the thesis.
My journey is just one example of several paradigmatic formations of `travel' as a strategy, which investigates the work of six different artists, as a voluntary or involuntary form of exile. A deskilled use of the photographic image is examined in the work of Ed Ruscha, Douglas Huebler and Bas jan Ader in the spatial mapping of their chosen locations. The work of these artists manifests travel, as a strategy, in a benign form of regional and expatriate exile. The investigation shifts its focus from the New World to Europe, where the work of Jimmie Durham, Gustav Metzger and Kurt Schwitters is analysed in relation to their transformation of found objects and materials, and their relationship with a former 'home'. Their position registers different degrees of the `impossibility of return' to a point of origin, which exists in the mind rather than as a physical location. The transience of their work, and use of disparate materials, is counterbalanced by their physical presence in the work. Conversely Ader, Huebler and Ruscha are linked by a scale of decreasing visibility, as they are sublimated within their work in the formation of, what is now construed as, a unique photographic presence. The starting point for which is a return to the formative years of conceptualism in the 1960's, which set the scene for Durham and Metzger from the 1970's onwards. The spectre of Schwitters practice of forming (Formung) and unforming (Entformung) is significant for my analysis of the dematerialisation of the art-work and artist, by processes of series and repetition, distance and proximity, movement and stasis. Although `travel' is a ubiquitous term, I continue to use it as a portmanteau, which carries with it the themes and `salient' features of a typology of artist's journeys. In a moment of perceived obsolescence as digital information systems engender a culture of `selective-amnesia', these thoughts have informed my work, which runs parallel to the artist case-studies, and the material transformation of the photographic image and found object
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