1,721,030 research outputs found
Systemische antibiotische Prophylaxe zur Vorbeugung infektiöser Komplikationen nach maxillofazialer Traumachirurgie: Eine Cochrane systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Metaanalyse
Get PDFBackground: Antibiotics are commonly administrated perioperatively to prevent
postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) of facial fractures treated with open reduction
and internal fixation (ORIF). However, there is no consensus on the optimal duration
and class of prophylactic antibiotics. We investigated the effect of different antibiotic
regimens and examined the efficacy and safety antibiotics for preventing complications
following the surgical reduction of facial fractures.
Methods: In October 2019, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
Trials; Ovid MEDLINE; and Ovid EMBASE. We included randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) involving people undergoing ORIF for maxillofacial trauma surgery and
comparing one regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis with any other regimen, placebo or no
antibiotics. The primary outcomes were SSI and systemic infections. Secondary
outcomes were rate of retreatment surgery, adverse events, total treatment costs,
duration of stay in hospital and health-related quality of life. Two assessors examined
the title and abstracts of references identified in the literature search, extracted data
and assessed the risk of bias in included studies.
Main results: We included 14 RCTs in this review that reported the rate of SSI. We
pooled the studies into subgroups based on the prophylaxis regimen. Comparing
intraoperative prophylaxis and postoperative prophylaxis in terms of SSI showed no to
little difference between groups (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.04; participants = 408;
studies = 5; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). Also, comparing short-term and longterm postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis showed no to little reduction in the risk of SSI
(RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.47; participants = 570; studies = 7; I2 = 0%; moderatequality evidence) and the risk of adverse events (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.38;
participants = 295; studies = 4; I2 = 0%, high-quality evidence). There was no difference
in terms of retreatment surgery and systemic infections in both comparisons. Most
studies had an unclear risk of bias prompting us to downgrade the quality of evidence
for outcomes.
Conclusions: There is little or no difference between single-shot intraoperative
prophylaxis or short-term (48 hours) postoperative
prophylaxis in the rate of SSI and adverse events. The studies comparing antibiotic
prophylaxis for facial fractures other than mandibular fractures were scarce. Further
evidence for these fracture sites is neededHintergrund: Antibiotika werden üblicherweise perioperativ verabreicht, um eine
postoperative Infektion der Operationsgebiet von Gesichtsfrakturen zu verhindern,
welche mit einer Reposition und Osteosynthese (ORIF) behandelt wurden. Ein
Konsens über die optimale Dauer und Klasse der prophylaktischen Antibiotika besteht
jedoch nicht. Wir untersuchten die Wirksamkeit und die Sicherheit der perioperativen
antibiotischen Prophylaxe nach der ORIF von Gesichtsfrakturen.
Methoden: Im Oktober 2019 führten wir eine Suche in den folgenden elektronischen
Datenbanken durch: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE,
Ovid EMBASE und EBSCO CINAHL. Nur randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs),
die Patienten mit durch ORIF behandelten maxillofazialen Frakturen rekrutierten,
wurden eingeschlossen. Wir verglichen daraufhin unterschiedlichen Regimen der
Antibiotikaprophylaxe miteinander, mit Placebo oder mit keiner Prophylaxe. Der
primäre Outcome ist die postoperative Infektion. Sekundäre Outcomes waren
systemische Infektionen, Rate der Nachbehandlungsoperationen, unerwünschte
Ereignisse, Gesamtbehandlungskosten, Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthalts und
gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Zwei Gutachter untersuchten den Titel und die
Abstracts der in der Literaturrecherche identifizierten Referenzen, extrahierten Daten
und bewerteten das Risiko einer Verzerrung in eingeschlossenen Studien.
Hauptergebnisse: Wir haben 14 RCTs eingeschlossen und basierend auf dem
Prophylaxeschema in Untergruppen zusammengefasst.
Der Vergleich der intraoperativen Prophylaxe und der postoperativen Prophylaxe
hinsichtlich der postoperativen Infektion zeigte keinen bis geringen Unterschied
zwischen den Gruppen (RR: 1,23; 95% CI 0,74 bis 2,04; Teilnehmer = 408; Studien =
5; I2 = 0%; mäßiger Evidenzqualität). Der Vergleich der kurz- und langfristigen
postoperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe zeigte ebenso keine bis geringe Verringerung
des Infektionsrisikos (RR: 0,76; 95% CI 0,39 bis 1,47; Teilnehmer = 570; Studien = 7;
I2 = 0%; mäßige Evidenzqualität) und das Risiko unerwünschter Ereignisse (RR: 0,61;
95% CI 0,27 bis 1,38; Teilnehmer = 295; Studien = 4; I2 = 0%, hochwertige
Evidenzqualität). In beiden Vergleichen gab es keinen Unterschied in Bezug auf
Nachbehandlungsoperationen und systemische Infektionen. Die meisten Studien
hatten ein unklares Verzerrungspotenzial, was uns dazu veranlasste, die Qualität der
Evidenz für die Ergebnisse herabzustufen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Es gibt kaum oder keinen Unterschied zwischen einer intraoperativen Einzelschussprophylaxe oder einer kurzzeitigen (<48 Stunden) oder
langfristigen (> 48 Stunden) postoperativen Prophylaxe in Bezug auf die Rate der
postoperativen Infektionen und unerwünschte Ereignisse. Die Studien zum Vergleich
der Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei anderen Gesichtsfrakturen als Unterkieferfrakturen
waren rar. Weitere Studien für diese Frakturstellen sind erforderlich.vi, 87 Seite
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
