234 research outputs found
Expression, purification, and antifungal activity of the Epichloë festucae antifungal protein Efe-AfpA
No full textThe Class I Clavicipitaceous endophyte Epichloё is a genus of fungi that infects many turfgrasses, resulting in a variety of benefits for the grass host. Besides the anti-herbivory compounds produced and the altered physiology of the grass, Epichloё festucae has been shown to provide fungal disease resistance, a unique benefit of its association with the grass host Festuca rubra. Specifically, E. festucae infection of F. rubra provides resistance to dollar spot disease caused by Clarireedia jacksonii, a very detrimental disease of turfgrasses.Previous research identified an abundant E. festucae antifungal protein, Efe-AfpA, expressed in the infected plants. This led to the hypothesis that the antifungal protein was important in the observed disease resistance. Laboratory tests showed that the endophyte produced anti-fungal protein Efe-AfpA caused inhibition of Clarireedia jacksonii growth in culture.
The goal of this thesis is to determine the efficacy of the antifungal protein Efe-AfpA against multiple plant pathogenic fungi, with a particular focus on dollar spot disease. To determine this, multiple expression systems were tested for the most efficient way to produce pure Efe-AfpA with a high yield. The expression systems used were bacterial (Escherichia coli), yeast (Pichia pastoris), and fungal (Penicillium chrysogenum). The proteins produced from these systems were tested for inhibitory activity against Neurospora crassa conidia. Of the three tested, the P. chrysogenum system produced the highest quantity of active and easily purifiable Efe-AfpA. Once an expression system was chosen, large amounts of Efe-AfpA were purified and tested on dollar spot inoculated plants. Treatment with Efe-AfpA resulted in reduced dollar spot symptoms on endophyte free F. rubra and on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). These results support the hypothesis that Efe-AfpA is a factor in the observed disease resistance of E. festucae-infected F. rubra.
Antifungal proteins produced by fungi are known to have activity against a wide variety of fungi. Plant pathogens were collected from multiple laboratories in the Plant Biology Department at Rutgers University to further determine the repertoire of fungi that Efe-AfpA has activity against. The ascomycetes Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum cereale, Fusarium graminearum PH1, Cryphonectria parasitica, and Pyricularia oryzae are all sensitive to Efe-AfpA. Of the basidiomycetes tested, Laetisaria fuciformis and Rhizoctonia solani, only L. fuciformis had a slight sensitivity to the antifungal protein. The findings of this research may be utilized to develop Efe-AfpA as an antifungal product that could supplement and or alleviate the usage of chemical fungicides for the control of fungal disease of plants.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
Homojen olmayan Poisson süreç modeli kullanarak hedef tespiti
No full textBu tezde uyumlu süzgeç tabanlı hedef tespit ve takibinde nokta hedef modeli varsayımı yapan, geleneksel radar isaret islemcilerinin hedef mesafesi kestirim hataları analiz edilmistir. Hedeflerin birden fazla radar mesafe hücresine yayıldıgı yüksek çözünürlüklü radarlarda nokta hedef kabülünün önemli performans kayıplarına sebep oldugu benzetimlerle gösterilmistir. Tezin literatüre yaptıgı en önemli katkı yayılmıs hedeflerden kaynaklanan yansımalar ve çevre yankısı için alternatif bir model saglamasıdır. Aydınlatılan hedefler ve çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklanan geri yansımalar homojen olmayan Poisson süreç olarak modellenmistir. Modele uygun en büyük olabilirlik kestiricisi ve Cramer Rao alt sınır degeri elde edilmistir. Tipik hedef tespit süreci benzetimleri yapılmıs ve modelin geçerliligi Kullback-Leibler mesafesi kullanılarak kanıtlanmıstır. Yeni metodun hedef menzili kestirim hatalarını, klasik tepe noktası bulma metodları ile karsılastırıldıgında önemli oranda azalttıgı gösterilmistir.AbstractIn this thesis we analyze the target position estimation errors induced by conventional radar signal processors, which assume a point target model in matched filtering based detection and tracking. As we demonstrated through simulations, the performance degradation under the point target assumption can be significant for high-resolution radars, where targets extend across several detection cells. One of the main contributions of this thesis is to provide an alternative model for reflections from extended targets and clutter. We model the events of backscatters from illuminated targets and clutter as a nonhomogenous Poisson process. The corresponding maximum likelihood estimator and the Cramer-Rao lower bound have been derived. Typical target detection process has been simulated and the validity of the model has been verified by using the Kullback-Leibler distance. It has been shown that the new method significantly reduces target position estimation errors compared to the classical peak picking methods
Türk ordusunun parlayan yıldızı: Milli Savunma Üniversitesi Hava Harp Okulunun pilot eğitimine etkisi ve Türk havacılığına katkıları
No full textThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2025.Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-25).1951’de kurulan Hava Harp Okulunun 1990-2000 dönemi reformları, mühendislik ve İngilizce derslerinin ağırlığı, kadın subay alımları ve liderlik eğitimini öne çıkararak Türk havacılığının modernleşmesine hız vermiştir. Arşiv ve gazete kaynaklarına dayanan bu çalışma, söz konusu reformların Türk Hava Kuvvetlerine nitelikli pilotlar kazandırarak ulusal savunmayı nasıl güçlendirdiğini göstermektedir.This paper analyzes the 1990–2000 reforms at the Turkish Air Force Academy (est. 1951), highlighting engineering and English courses, female officer recruitment, and leadership-focused training. Drawing on archival records and newspaper reports, it argues that these reforms provided the Turkish Air Force with highly qualified pilots, thereby accelerating modernization in both national defense and aviation sectors.by Efe Can Zeybe
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Daughter of fortune: Isabel Allende's popularity from a readership perspective
No full textThe primary aim of this thesis is to explore and critically interrogate Isabel Allende’s popularity cross-culturally in Britain and Spain. It analyses readers’ responses to Allende’s works as well as the discourses surrounding her public representation, an approach that is ‘readerly’ but must also take account of production and text. This approach is intended to further the understanding of Allende’s work which so far has always been analysed from a textual perspective. However, the relationship between Allende’s popularity, her texts, public representation and readers has not been yet analysed in detail.This thesis is innovative in other ways too. Methodologically, it approaches readers through the under studied cultural form of the reading group. It also incorporates a comparative dimension by looking at the reception of Allende in two different cultural contexts: the British and Spanish respectively. Finding out about Allende’s popularity has involved asking readers about their reading experiences as well as analysing the production of discourses around her public representation. Paul Ricoeur’s (1984, 1988) perspective on authorial intentions and readers’ responses to texts helps in understanding the intricacies surrounding what is involved in reading any text. It draws attention to Allende’s and her publishers’ authorial strategies, her ‘strategies of persuasion’ and the specificity of the lives and contexts of British and Spanish reading publics. Equally, this ‘readerly’ approach draws on feminist audience research and primarily on the work of Ien Ang and Janice Radway. Their work with viewers and readers respectively is particularly useful in establishing and developing methodological parameters for the study of reading groups. As a whole, this thesis contributes to the understanding of Allende’s cross-cultural popularity by situating readers at the centre
Association between cribbing and entrapment of the small intestine in the epiploic foramen in horses: 68 cases (1991-2002)
No full textObjective - To determine whether there was an association between a history of cribbing and epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) of the small intestine in horses. Design - Retrospective study. Animals - 68 horses examined at the University of Illinois or the University of Liverpool veterinary teaching hospitals. Procedure - For horses examined at the University of Illinois that underwent surgery because of strangulating small intestine lesions, information about cribbing was obtained through telephone calls with owners. For horses examined at the University of Liverpool that underwent surgery for colic for any reason, information about cribbing was obtained through a preoperative questionnaire. Results - 13 of 19 (68%) horses with EFE examined at the University of Illinois had a history of cribbing, compared with only 2 of 34 (6%) horses with other strangulating small intestine lesions (odds ratio, 34.7; 95% confidence interval, 6.2 to 194.6). Similarly, 24 of 49 (49%) horses with EFE examined at the University of Liverpool had a history of cribbing, compared with 72 of 687 (10.5%) horses with colic caused by other lesions (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 15.1). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Results suggest that there may be an association between cribbing and EFE in horses, with horses with a history of cribbing more likely to have EFE than horses without such a history
Informal Open Spaces Designed by Water
No full text“Although the process of formalization is the dominant trend in modern social life, informality is the essential element in constructing trust relationships and, thus, in any cooperative arrangement aimed at improving the quality of life. [...] Only a society that achieves an optimal balance between informality and formality of interactional practices is in position to create the conditions to cooperation and innovation»1.
Water has accompanied both man’s life and landscape conformation, setting the rhythm of their changes and evolution and answering practical and symbolic needs. In this way it became an element of comunication or separation, means of defense but also possible source of danger.
Life and man cannot be without it yet they need to protect themselves from it.
Water thanks to its nature becomes promoter of human relations and artifice of different places (dockings along sea or river borders, terrace on water, places for recreation, places for rest, pauses inside cities...). If on one hand its role of basic common good has always been recognized, in modern times even entering everyday life on an individual level, on the other the presence of water in public open space, that in the beginning of the past century was regarded more as a threat and an obstacle to city expansion, losing its old aggregative and social character, nowadays it becomes renovating resource for urban requalification re-considering, re-interpreting and re-inventing its presence.
This new role is assigned to water because it’s able to ignite unique possibilities of relation and use linked mainly, but not only, to evocative and symbolic qualities and also to functional and ludic values of this extraordinary element, since interacting with water it’s an informal and collective activity.
Architectural elements of the project in contact with water aren’t really answering to a function but to an use/experience that man can have with it. The design of these elements changes the use of space and consequently the way to live places of the cities, offering new possibilities linked to an informality made by the presence of this element.
If in architecture the use of water as actual construction material is clear (as Carlo Scarpa2 used it), grasping its potential gets more difficult when it becomes actively part of the space3 entrusted to the architectural design that will shape its features providing it with an informality that is necessary to render the place inhabitable and inhabitated.
1. Barbara A. Misztal. 1999. Informality: Social Theory and Contemporary Practice. London: Biddles Ltd.
2.«Scarpa lavorava l'acqua, lavorava la luce, lavorava le superfici dei soffitti a stucco lucido con piani fra loro inclinati per ottenere un certo riverbero dovuto al movimento della luce e dell'acqua e all'intersezione dei piani» R. Giovanardi, Carlo Scarpa e l'acqua, Cicero, Venezia, 2006. [Scarpa worked water, worked light, worked ceiling surfaces with polished plaster thanks to inclined planes, to obtaine some reverb due to light and water movement and to intersection of planes] Author translation.
3.(Raum): «it’s acting-and making space that speaks in the word space. This means to make a clearing, to consolidate. To make space brings freedom, openness for man to settle in and live in [...] to make space is to make a free gift of places. It is a happening that speaks and is hidden at the same time in making space» Heidegger, M., (1969). Die kunst der Raum, St. Gallen: Erker Verlag. (trad. It. Heidegger, M. (2000). L’arte e lo spazio. Genova: Il nuovo melangolo
Geometric- and Optimization-Based Registration Methods for Long-Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Images
No full textRegistration of long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral images with their thermal and emissivity components has until now received comparatively less attention with respect to the visible near and short wave infrared hyperspectral images. In this paper, the registration of LWIR hyperspectral images is investigated to enhance applications of LWIR images such as change detection, temperature and emissivity separation, and target detection. The proposed approach first searches for the best features of hyperspectral image pixels for extraction and matching in the LWIR range and then performs a global registration over two-dimensional maps of three-dimensional hyperspectral cubes. The performances of temperature and emissivity features in the thermal domain along with the average energy and principal components of spectral radiance are investigated. The global registration performed over whole 2D maps is further improved by blockwise local refinements. Among the two proposed approaches, the geometric refinement seeks the best keypoint combination in the neighborhood of each block to estimate the transformation for that block. The alternative optimization-based refinement iteratively finds the best transformation by maximizing the similarity of the reference and transformed blocks. The possible blocking artifacts due to blockwise mapping are finally eliminated by pixelwise refinement. The experiments are evaluated with respect to the (i) utilized similarity metrics in the LWIR range between transformed and reference blocks, (ii) proposed geometric- and optimization-based methods, and (iii) image pairs captured on the same and different days. The better performance of the proposed approach compared to manual, GPU-IMU-based, and state-of-the-art image registration methods is verified
Design and implementation of a remote access PLC training set
No full textIn this study, PLC training set has been designed and developed. The system supports "hands-on" PLC programming laboratory exercises in industrial automation area for distance education; yet architecture allows clients to access and control the set via the Internet. A Web site has been designed in order to facilitate interactivity and to support PLC programming and control, using ASP.NET. And a client-server software was implemented using the VB.NET. In this proposed architecture, pilot experiment constitutes of Induction Motor, Frequency Converter and Encoder tripart controlled by Siemens Simatic S7-200 PLC controller by the help of SIMATIC Step 7 Programming Software as an example for demonstrating the effectiveness of the set. An IP Camera allows monitoring the devices and pilot application behavior. By working with this novel remote accessible training set, students and researchers not only carty out experiments but also learn how to work on system and program. Moreover, it offers an effective learning environment for distance education, and provides a safe and economical solution for multiple users in a workplace to enhance the quality of education with less overall cost
Elektronik burun teknolojisi ve örnek uygulaması
No full textİnsandaki beş duyu ve beyin fonksiyonları, enstrümantasyon ve bilgisayar tabanlı otomasyon için ana model kabul edilmiştir. Yapay burun insan koku alma sistemini taklit eder. Dolayısıyla koku sinirlerince oluşturulan bilginin, hangi yöntemlerle kemo-elektriksel sinyallere çevrildiği ve bu sinyallerin hafızayla nasıl eşleştirildiği önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, özellikle kimyasal gazları/kokuları (analitleri) tanımlamak, ayırt etmek, sınıflandırmak maksadıyla kuartz kristal rezonatörler bir sensör dizisinde algılayıcı elemanlar olarak kullanılmıştır. Sensör dizisi on dakika boyunca kuru hava akışına ve ardından on dakika boyunca seçilen analitlerin akışına maruz bırakılmıştır. Analitleri tanımlamak ve sınıflandırmak maksadıyla, kuartz kristal rezonatörlerin frekans farkları veri setleri, diskriminant fonksiyon analizi kullanılarak, SPSS programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, analitler yüksek bir yüzdeyle doğru olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Diğer taraftan, analitlerin konsantrasyonları ise düşük bir yüzdeyle doğru olarak belirlenmiştir.Five senses and brain functions of human, have been accepted as main model for instrumentation and computer based automation. Artificial nose imitates odor sensing mechanism of human. Thus, methods for data transduction of chemo-electrical signals that made by odor neurons and matching signals with memory are important. In this study, especially in order to describe, discriminate and classify chemical gases/smells (analytes), quartz crystal resonators were used as sensitive components in a sensor array. The sensor array was exposed to dry air flow for ten minutes and then selected analytes' flow for ten minutes. This process of measurement was repeated for each concentration of the same analyte. In order to describe and classify analytes, the data sets of the quartz crystal resonators' frequency differences were analyzed by using discriminat function analysis with the help of SPSS program. As a result, the analytes were classified correctly at a high percentage. On the other hand, the concentrations of the analytes were determined correctly at a low percentage
Corporate Governance Networks in Turkey
No full textWe provide an analysis of corporate governance networks implied by members of board of directors of 319 companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) for the year 2007. Our configuration yields a bipartite network for which we provide small world statistics in addition to the usual measures commonly used in network analysis. We find that the networks have low density. However, within the giant component, the average path among agents is very low and the clustering coefficient is considerably high
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