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Sucuğa fındık füresi ilavesinin lipoliz ve lipit oksidasyonuna etkisi
No full textBu çalışmada, sucuğa fındık füresi ilavesinin lipoliz ve kipit oksidasyonu üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 4 farklı formülasyona sahip sucuk üretilmiştir. Kontrolde fındık füresi kullanılmamıştır; diğer üç grup sucuk ise toplam sucuk hamurunun %3, %6 ve %9'u fındık füresi ilave edilerek üretilmiştir. Fermentasyonun başlangıcından itibaren 0. ve 15. günlerde alınan örneklerde pH, kuru madde, yağ ve renk analizleri yapılmış; serbest yağ asitliği ve TBA değerleri belirlenmiştir. Olgunlaştırma bittikten sonra, sucuklardaki yağ asidi dağılımı incelenmiş ve duyusal değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra 15. gündeki sucuklar, vakum ambalajlanarak soğuk depoya konmuş ve pH, serbest yağ asitliği ve TBA analizleri 30, 60 ve 90. günlerde tekrarlanmıştır. Fermantasyonun başlangıcında, değişik oranlarda fındık füresi ilave edilen sucukların serbest yağ asitliği değerleri birbirine oldukça yakın bulunmuştur (kontrolde 0.84 mg KOH/g yağ, %3 fındık üresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 0.84 mg KOH/g yağ, %6 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 0.85 mg KOH/g yağ, %9 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 0.86 mg KOH/g yağ). Üretim süresinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte, ilave edilen fındık füresi miktarı arttıkça, serbest yağ asitliği değerlerinde istatistik olarak önemli bir azalma tespit edilmiştir (kontrolde 3,03 mg KOH/g yağ, %6 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 2,72 mg KOH/g yağ, %6 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 2,43 mg KOH/g yağ, %9 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 2,13 mg KOH/g yağ) (p<0,01). Sucuğa fındık füresi ilavesinin, depolama süresince, serbest yağ asitliği değeri üzerine etkisi gözlenememiştir. Sucuğa fındık füresi ilavesinin, üretim süresince, lipid oksidasyonunun derecesini tespit etmek amacıyla kullanılan tiyobarbutirik asit (TBA) değerleri üzerine etkisi görülmemiştir. Ancak, depolama süresince, katılan fındık füresi miktarı arttıkça sucuk gruplarının TBA değerlerinde azalma tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Bu etki, fındığın içerdiği doğal antioksidanlardan kaynaklanmıştır. Farklı formülasyona sahip sucuk gruplarındaki yağ asidi dağılımı incelendiğinde, fındık füresi ilavesi ile doymuş yağ asidi miktarının azaldığı görülmüştür (kontrolde 46.25 g/100 g toplam yağ asidi; %9 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda 31.94 g/100 g toplam yağ asidi) (p>0.05). Buna karşılık tekli doymamış ve çoklu doymamış yağ asidi miktarının ise arttığı tespit edilmiştir (kontrolde sırasıyla 47.28 ve 4.62 g/100 g toplam yağ asidi; %9 fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklarda sırasıyla 56.43 ve 8.38 g/100 g toplam yağ asidi) (p>0.05). Yapılan duyusal değerlendirmelerde, aroma, kıvam, görünüş ve renk özellikleri açısından elde edilen sonuçlarda, kontrol ve fındık füresi ilave edilen sucuklar arasında istatistik olarak önemli bir farklılık bulunamamış (p>0.05) olsa da aroma, kıvam, ve görünüş özellikleri açısından en iyi sonuçlara kontrol grubu, renk özelliği açısından ise en iyi sonuçlara %9 oranında fındık füresi katkılı sucuklar sahip olmuştur.AbstractIn this study, the effect of the addition of hazelnut puree on the lipolysis and lipid oxidation of sucuk was investigated. One of them was control and the other three sucuk groups were produced with adding hazelnut puree at %3, %6 and %9 of total sucuk batter, respectively. The pH, moisture, fat and colour analysis were carried out; free fatty acidity and thiobarbutiric acid (TBA) values were determined at the samples, which taken on 0th and 15 th days from the beginning of fermentation. After maturing, fatty acid composition of sucuks were determined and sensorial evaluation was carried out. Then vacuum packed sucuks which were in 15th day were kept in cold stores. pH, free fatty acidity and TBA values were repeated after 30, 60 and 90th days. Free fatty acidity values of in different proportions were found near to each other (0.84 mg KOH/g fat in control, 0.84 mg KOH/g fat in %3 hazelnut puree added sucuks, 0.85 mg KOH/g fat in %6 hazelnut puree added sucuks, 0.86 mg KOH/g fat in %9 hazelnut puree added sucuks) With the advance of production periods and the increasing of added hazelnut puree amount, SYA values were statisticly decreased (3.03 mg KOH/g fat in control, 2.72 mg KOH/g fat in %3 hazelnut puree added sucuks, 2.43 mg KOH/g fat in hazelnut puree added sucuks, 2.13 mg KOH/g fat in %9 hazelnut puree added sucuks) (p<0,01). Addition of hazelnut puree to sucuk has no effect on free fatty acidity value during storage period. Addition of hazelnut puree to sucuk has no effect on TBA value which is used for determing the degree of lipid oxidation. However, as the amount of hazelnut puree added during the storage period is increased; decrease in TBA values are obtained in sucuk groups. This effect is result of naturel antioxidans which hazelnut contains. When fatty acid composition was examined, it was found that, saturated fatty acid contents decreased with the addition of hazelnut puree (46.25 g/100 g total fatty acid in control; 31.94 g/100 g total fatty acid in %9 hazelnut puree added sucuks) (p>0.05). Moreover, it was determined that, monounsaturated and polyunsatured fatty acid in contents increased with the addition of hazelnut puree (47.28 and 4.62 g/100 g total fatty acid in control, respectively; 56.43 and 8.38 g/100 g total fatty acid in %9 hazelnut puree added sucuks, respectively) (p>0.05). Altough in sensory evaluations for properties of aroma, consistency, appearance and colour, no istatistical difference was found between control and hazelnut puree added sucuks (p>0.05). For properties of aroma, consistency and appearance, control groups had the best values, for the property colour, %9 hazelnut puree added sucuks had the best values
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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