49 research outputs found
Towards Lattice QCD calculation of 2 → 3 and 3 → 3 scattering
No full textThe strong force, responsible for binding quarks and gluons inside hadrons, is described by the mathematical framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). One approach to studying the non-perturbative region of this theory is lattice QCD. This numerical method extracts the hadron spectrum and other physical observables from first principles by formulating QCD on a discretized Euclidean spacetime lattice with finite volume.
Lattice QCD combined with the finite-volume formalism, enables the extraction of infinite-volume scattering observables from the discrete energy spectrum obtained in lattice simulations. This formalism is derived from relativistic-field-theoretic analysis of the poles of the finite-volume scattering amplitude and realized via a quantization condition, whose solutions give the finite spectrum. Over the last decades, the formalism has matured from treating two-particle to three-particle systems with sub-resonant channels, including odd-legged vertices that allow for two-to-three scattering.
This thesis derives and implements novel theoretical results concerning two key aspects of lattice QCD scattering calculations.
First, we implement the formalism for the three-pion system in all allowed non-maximal isospin channels to numerically compute the finite-volume spectrum using Python called ampyl. This is performed across multiple moving frames for various irreducible representations of the finite-volume symmetry group. The system includes two-pion resonant subchannels associated with the rho and sigma resonances, with vanishing three-body interactions. These results serve as a benchmark and database for future lattice calculations aimed at extracting three-pion resonances.
Second, we implement the coupled quantization condition, i.e., including 2-to-3 scattering, for identical scalar particles in a rest frame to extract the energy spectrum.
Then, we focus on the avoided-level crossing that occurs when a two- and three-particle level intersect in the spectrum and show that the spectrum in this region follows the form of a rotated hyperbola, leading to a simple analytic expression that can be fitted to lattice data in weakly interacting systems. This offers a practical alternative to using the full quantization condition
Structural Mapping of Mutations in Spike, RdRp and Orf3a Genes of SARS-CoV-2 in Influenza Like Illness (ILI) Patients
No full textIn December 2019, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in China led to a pandemic. Since both Influenza Like Illness (ILI) and COVID-19 case definitions overlap, we re-investigated the ILI cases using PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in 739 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from November 2019 to March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 37 samples (5%) collected mostly during February 2020. It was followed by confirmation of evolutionary and spatial relationships using next generation sequencing (NGS). We observed that the overall incidence of ILI cases during 2019–2020 influenza season was considerably higher than previous years and was gradually replaced with SARS-CoV-2, which indicated a silent transmission among ambulatory patients. Sequencing of representative isolates confirmed independent introductions and silent transmission earlier than previously thought. Evolutionary and spatial analyses revealed clustering in the GH clade, characterized by three amino acid substitutions in spike gene (D614G), RdRp (P323L) and NS3 (Q57H). P323L causes conformational change near nsp8 binding site that might affect virus replication and transcription. In conclusion, assessment of the community transmission among patients with mild COVID-19 illness, particularly those without epidemiological link for acquiring the virus, is of utmost importance to guide policy makers to optimize public health interventions. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ILI cases shows the importance of ILI surveillance systems and warrants its further strengthening to mitigate the ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The effect of NS3 substitutions on oligomerization or membrane channel function (intra- and extracellular) needs functional validation
Hand and horse labor for an unemployment relief project concerning Kansas State Agricultural College athletic grounds
No full textTouchstone is Kansas State University's student-edited literary arts magazine that showcases literary work by graduate and undergraduate students. It is published annually each spring by the College of Arts and Sciences with assistance from Kansas State University's creative writing faculty, the Fine Arts Council, and the English Department.CONTENTS: 02:10:31 / Kevin Brown -- Leona / Jimbo Ivy -- Maturing / Jerrod Bohn -- Drift 1 / Brianna Mishler -- Ghost of Christmas past / Heather Farris -- Novena to St. Rita / Jerrod Bohn -- Lists / Moira Niebauer -- Window washer at noon / Ericka Brunson -- Puddle 1 / Brianna Mishler -- Closing the store on summer nights / Dennis Etzel, Jr. -- Opera / Emily H. Freeman -- The story / Dunya Mikhail -- Author Profile: Dunya Mikhail [interview] / Lamees Al-Athari -- Hell point / Jonathan Hall -- Love is a good night at the bars / Kyleigh Payne -- Static in the form of a red circle / Ericka Brunson -- From an artist's letter to a young man / Allison Branch -- Touch / Katherine Settle -- Becoming Banksy / Sean Conner -- The occupations of sating / Austin Tremblay -- Pioneer spirit / Tracy Tucker -- Blue River ice / Jonathan Hall -- A celiac break-up / Allison Branch -- Hog killing weather / Richard Boada -- Cameo / Trina Burke -- Birth II / Brianna Mishler -- Anatomy of a dying town / Lauren Tipton -- Bed & breakfast / Tom O'Connor -- September / Chella Courington -- Aquatic / Katherine Settle -- Autopsy and a eulogy / Clay Cogswell -- Navajo woman / Kimo Armitage -- How I spent my father's cancer / Kyleigh Payne -- Malevolent / Jonathan Hall -- Us in a mirror / Richard Boada -- San Francisco #5: even housing projects are pretty / Shantha Laura Susman -- Author Profile: Charles Baxter [interview] / David Murphy & Katherine Settle -- Interior #7 / Katherine Settle -- Soul bruise at 27.39726027 years / Marc Welsh -- Almost like music / Meredith Duling -- Curves and hollows / Aileen Sanku -- Ethereal / Jonathan Hall -- Honeymoon / Amy Forgue -- On Decatur / Jenny Molberg -- Queen Wilhelmina, in exile, Ottawa, Canada / Laura Dunn -- Geode / Brianna Mishler -- Luneberry grove / Miranda Merklein -- When Berryman died / Chella CouringtonCitation: Murphy, D. (Ed.). (2008). Touchstone, 40.Morse Department of Special Collection
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Ameliorate Memory and Learning Deficits and oxidative stress in Aβ (1-42) Injected Rats
No full textGastrointestinal microbiota and its organisms are related to the brain and affect brain functioning including memory and learning. In this study we hence investigated the effects of probiotics on memory and oxidative stress biomarkers in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Controls (C), control-probiotics (CP) that received probiotics for 8 weeks, sham operation (S) that had intra hippocampal PBS injection, Alzheimer (Aβ) that had the Aβ 1-42 intra-hippocampal injection and the Alzheimer-probiotics (AP) group, which in addition to being injected Aβ 1-42, received 2g (1010CFU) probiotics (L.acidophilus, L.fermentum, B.lactis, B.longum) for 8 weeks. Memory and learning were measured using the Morris water maze and oxidative stress biomarkers in the hippocampus, using ELISA kits.
Morris water maze results indicated that using probiotics, in the Alzheimer-probiotics group, significantly improved spatial memory including scape latency, traveled distance and time spent in target quadrant. There was also improvement in oxidative stress biomarkers such as increased malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity following the β-amyloid injection. Overall, it seems that probiotics play an effective role in improving memory deficit and the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease by modifying microbiota.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results.
No full textBACKGROUND
World Health Organization expert groups recommended mortality trials of four repurposed antiviral drugs - remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a - in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).
METHODS
We randomly assigned inpatients with Covid-19 equally between one of the trial drug regimens that was locally available and open control (up to five options, four active and the local standard of care). The intention-to-treat primary analyses examined in-hospital mortality in the four pairwise comparisons of each trial drug and its control (drug available but patient assigned to the same care without that drug). Rate ratios for death were calculated with stratification according to age and status regarding mechanical ventilation at trial entry.
RESULTS
At 405 hospitals in 30 countries, 11,330 adults underwent randomization; 2750 were assigned to receive remdesivir, 954 to hydroxychloroquine, 1411 to lopinavir (without interferon), 2063 to interferon (including 651 to interferon plus lopinavir), and 4088 to no trial drug. Adherence was 94 to 96% midway through treatment, with 2 to 6% crossover. In total, 1253 deaths were reported (median day of death, day 8; interquartile range, 4 to 14). The Kaplan-Meier 28-day mortality was 11.8% (39.0% if the patient was already receiving ventilation at randomization and 9.5% otherwise). Death occurred in 301 of 2743 patients receiving remdesivir and in 303 of 2708 receiving its control (rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.11; P = 0.50), in 104 of 947 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine and in 84 of 906 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.59; P = 0.23), in 148 of 1399 patients receiving lopinavir and in 146 of 1372 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.25; P = 0.97), and in 243 of 2050 patients receiving interferon and in 216 of 2050 receiving its control (rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.39; P = 0.11). No drug definitely reduced mortality, overall or in any subgroup, or reduced initiation of ventilation or hospitalization duration.
CONCLUSIONS
These remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon regimens had little or no effect on hospitalized patients with Covid-19, as indicated by overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay. (Funded by the World Health Organization; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN83971151; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04315948.)
Mortality and disability-adjusted life years in North Africa and Middle East attributed to kidney dysfunction : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textThe authors would like to thank the hard work of the staff of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for providing the best possible epidemiologic estimation of diseases in almost all regions and countries of the world, trying to reduce and eliminate poverty of knowledge and information about the diseases globally. Also, the core team authors sincerely thank all the collaborators of the GBD 2019 study who contributed to this study by providing data or a precise review of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Peer reviewe
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
© 2025. The Author(s)
National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019
No full textAn updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95 UI: 1.33�1.86) in 1990 and increased 131 (53�191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75�34.55) in 2019 which increased 164 (77�246) from 11.44 (9.38�13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36�0.53), and 13.16 (8.93�14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95�3.11) and 0.07 (0.04�0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies� results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks� modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view. © 2022, The Author(s)
Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades.Methods Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer.Findings Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2.17 million (2.00-2.34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1.09 million (1.02-1.15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22.2 (95% UI 21.3-23.0) per 100 000 to 26.7 (24.6-28.9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14.3 (13.5-14.9) per 100 000 to 13.7 (12.6-14.5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308.5 (294.7-320.7) per 100 000 to 295.5 (275.2-313.0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62.0 [48.9-80.0] per 100 000), Monaco (60.7 [48.5-73.6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56.6 [42.8-71.9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31.4 [26.0-37.1] per 100 000), Brunei (30.3 [26.6-34.1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28.6 [23.6-34.0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15.6%), smoking (13.3%), a diet low in calcium (12.9%), and alcohol use (9.9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019.Interpretation The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
[[alternative]]Correction to: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract_ a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020 (Eye, (2024), 10.1038/s41433-024-02961-1)
No full text[[abstract]]Correction to: Eyehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-02961-1, published online 09 March 2024 The original online version of this article was revised. First of all, the author list has been corrected from “Konrad Pesudovs, Van Charles Lansingh, John H. Kempen, Ian Tapply, Arthur G. Fernandes, Maria V. Cicinelli, Alessandro Arrigo, Nicolas Leveziel, Paul Svitil Briant, Theo Vos, Serge Resnikoff, Hugh R. Taylor, Tabassom Sedighi, Seth Flaxman, Jaimie Steinmetz, Rupert R. A. Bourne, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study and the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators” to include only the following institutional authors “Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study and the GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators”. The list of the individual authors and affiliations now appear at the end of the original paper. Furthermore, the following Article Note has been added: “These authors contributed equally: Jaimie Steinmetz and Rupert R. A. Bourne. These authors share the last authorship: Seth Flaxman and Jaimie Steinmetz.” The title of Table 1 has been corrected from “Number of people (mean [95% UI]) with blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) or MSVI (presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) due to Cataract, the age-standardized prevalence (%) in people of all ages and aged ≥50 years (mean [95% UI]), and the percentage of all blindness or MSVI attributed to Cataract (95% UI) in world regions in 2020” to “Number of people of all ages (mean [95% UI]) with blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) or MSVI (presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) due to Cataract, the age-standardized prevalence (%) in people aged ≥50 years (mean [95% UI]), and the percentage of all blindness or MSVI attributed to Cataract in people aged ≥50 years (95% UI) in world regions in 2020”. The following Data Availability statement was added: “Data sources for the Global Vision Database are listed at the following weblink http://www.anglia.ac.uk/verigbd. Fully disaggregated data is not available publicly due to data sharing agreements with some principal investigators yet requests for summary data can be made to the corresponding author.” Furthermore, the information in the “Funding” section was incomplete. The following information was added: “This study was funded by Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF), Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg.” The “Competing interests” section has been corrected from “The authors declare no competing interests” to the following detailed information: GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators Declarations N S Bayileyegn reports participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with Jimma University, and leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Jimma University as a discipline committee member; outside the submitted work. S Bhaskar reports grants or contracts from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), JSPS International Fellowship, Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), the Australian Academy of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI); leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid with Rotary District 9675 as the District Chair of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion; the Global Health & Migration Hub Community and the Global Health Hub Germany (Berlin, Germany) as the Chair and Manager; PLOS One, BMC Neurology, Frontiers In Neurology, Frontiers in Stroke, Frontiers in Public Health and BMC Medical Research Methodology as an Editorial Board Member; and with the College of Reviewers, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the Government of Canada as a Member; outside the submitted work
