1,721,081 research outputs found
Travel agent's perception of cruise tourism in Croatia and Slovenia
No full textThe proposed research analyzes a segment of the leisure and hospitality sector in Croatia and Slovenia. Specifically, we examine the perceptions of travel agents regarding vacation alternatives in general and cruising in particular. The paper presents a literature review of the cruise industry, then describes three issues: travel agents as a channel of distribution, the cruise buying process, and outbound tourism in Slovenia and Croatia. The two markets we examine represent two levels of economic development and tourism market maturity in Central Europe. Data have been collected using MBA student teams from the United States and Italy posing as mystery shoppers, looking for travel destinations and cruises as an option. A total of 57 Croatian agencies and 29 Slovenian agencies were examined. Final results are tied to the literature review and conclusions are drawn about the potential opportunities and threats in the market
Corruption, foreign aid, and international trade
No full textCorruption has varying effects on international trade flows. Through the lenses of the institutional and transaction costs theories, we propose a novel institutional analysis of foreign aid as a formal institution that moderates the negative impact of corruption on international trade. We investigate this framework using a sample of the imports and exports of 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and their 150 trading partners from 1995 to 2018. We analyze two main types of bilateral foreign aid within this framework: official development assistance and aid for trade. We present three main findings. First, the trading partners' corruption has a negative impact on OECD bilateral imports and exports. Second, both forms of foreign aid moderate the negative effect of the trading partners' corruption on OECD countries' exports. These findings confirm that OECD member countries are willing to export to very corrupt countries. Third, official development assistance does not moderate the relationship between corruption and imports, meaning that OECD countries do not import from corrupt locations. However, aid for trade still moderates the negative impact of corruption on OCED countries' imports. Overall, we confirm that foreign aid negatively moderates the adverse effect of corruption on exports but not on imports. Thus, foreign aid as a formal institution deserves more attention from OECD policymakers and managers of MNEs as a mechanism for reducing corruption and boosting international trade
Global Marketing: Contemporary Theory, Practice, and Cases
No full textTaking the marketing function global is no easy task. It requires managers to think globally and strategically about global markets and comparative marketing environments. International markets pose the challenge of differing political, social, economic, and technological environments. Regional and national differences may render some marketing strategies and tactics ineffectual in new environments.
Identifying opportunities in the global environment requires market research and analysis that spans national boundaries. Segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategies of multinational firm must look for the commonalities across markets as well as take into account the idiosyncrasies of individual markets. It is in this context that the 4Ps (product, price, place, and promotion) are implemented. This book examines the 4Ps and gives students tools for analyzing the pros and cons of related international marketing decisions. The individual decisions of the marketer have to be examined holistically. Coordination, design, and control of marketing across markets and functions are, thus, critical.
Recent years were accentuated by a rise of new technologies, such as social media, and new attention to social responsibility and ethics in corporate leadership. This book captures these new developments by adding a Technology in Focus boxed feature in many chapters, and by dedicating chapters to the subjects of social responsibility, ethics, and social media in global marketing
Corruption in economics : a bibliometric analysis and research agenda
Full text linkWe conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on corruption in the discipline of economics (4,488 articles) over the past 51 years between 1968–2019. Through this methodology, we identified seven research streams: (1) the economic framework of crime and corruption, (2) the legal institutions and corruption, (3) the effect of corruption on aspects of national economics, (4) the combating and monitoring of corruption, (5) the determinants of corruption, (6) political institutions and corruption, and (7) the effect of corruption on firms. In addition to these research clusters, we also identified the key journals, articles, countries, institutions, authors, data sources, measurements, theoretical frameworks, and networks dealing with this issue. Finally, we suggested 20 future research questions
Sovereign wealth funds: Past, present and future
No full textIn this article, we conduct a meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), covering 184 articles from 2005 to 2019. Our meta-literature review consists of qualitative analysis of content using the NVivo software program and quantitative analyses of bibliometric citations using the HistCite and VOSviewer software programs. We identify three main research streams: (i) the overview and growth of SWFs, (ii) governance and political concerns regarding SWFs, and (iii) the investment strategies of SWFs. We identify the most influential aspects of the SWF literature, such as the leading countries, institutions, journals, authors, and articles. Finally, we propose 20 research questions based on the meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds to set the future research agenda
Corruption in international business: A review and research agenda
Full text linkWe systematically reviewed the literature on corruption in international business (137 articles) for the last 17
years between 1992 and 2019. Additionally, we identified seven research streams in this growing literature: (1)
the legislation against corruption, (2) the determinants of corruption, (3) combating corruption, 4) the effect of
corruption on firms, (5) the political environment and corruption, (6) corruption as a challenge to existing
theories of management, and (7) the effect of corruption on foreign direct investment and trade. Based on this
review, we recommend that strong international laws are needed to minimize the negative impact of corruption
on international business. Firms must also consider corruption when formulating strategies to increase operational
efficiency and performance. Finally, corruption challenges some key assumptions of existing theories of
management. Scholars need to test and expand these existing theories by considering corruption as an important
issue in international business
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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