24 research outputs found
Il ruolo dei radicali liberi dell’ossigeno di origine mitocondriale nella disfunzione endoteliale delle piccole arterie diresistenza di pazienti con obesità severa
No full textL’obesità rappresenta una condizione sempre più prevalente nella popolazione generale, come suggerito dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità che prevede un significativo incremento delle patologie connesse all’obesità nel corso dei prossimi 20 anni. Tra le patologie che si associano all’obesità quella sicuramente più frequente e invalidante è la malattia cardiovascolare. Sono diversi i meccanismi che nel paziente obeso determinano l’incremento del rischio di patologia cardiovascolare, tra questi quello il più precoce è rappresentato dalla disfunzione endoteliale. Viene definita come disfunzione endoteliale una condizione nella quale le cellule endoteliali che separano la parete vascolare dal torrente circolatorio vanno incontro ad attivazione e assumono un fenotipo pro-aterosclerotico.
L’alterazione più importante che si riscontra nella fisiologia endoteliale in seguito a sviluppo di disfunzione è la riduzione della biodisponibilità di ossido nitrico (NO), questo gas ha importanti funzioni nel controllo dell’omeostasi vascolare, inclusi il tono della parete, i processi di coagulazione, la proliferazione delle fibrocellule muscolari lisce e la produzione di molecole pro-infiammatorie. Una sua riduzione si associa ad alterazioni di tutti questi meccanismi di controllo dell’omeostasi vascolare.
Le tecniche che sono più comunemente utilizzate per identificare uno stato di disfunzione endoteliale valutano il deficit di risposta vasodilatatoria conseguente alla ridotta produzione di NO. Tali tecniche hanno dimostrato in molteplici studi come nel paziente obeso si sviluppi precocemente uno stato di disfunzione endoteliale di cui il deficit nella biodisponibilità di NO sembra rappresentare il determinante principale.
La ridotta biodisponibilità di NO nel paziente obeso è stata spesso attribuita a un’eccessiva produzione di radicali liberi dell’ossigeno (ROS) che interagendo velocemente con questo gas portano alla produzione di radicali nitrossido. Le diverse fonti di stress ossidativo che inducono questo stato di disfunzione endoteliale nel paziente obeso rimangono ancora poco chiare.
In questa tesi abbiamo analizzato il contributo alla disfunzione endoteliale della ridotta biodisponibilità di NO dovuta a due delle principali fonti di stress ossidativo intracellulare nel paziente obeso: NADPH ossidasi (NicotinamideAdenineDinucleotidePhosphate Oxidase) e mitocondri.
Per poterlo fare abbiamo utilizzato piccole arteriole di resistenza isolate dal tessuto adiposo sottocutaneo di pazienti obesi e di controlli. La funzione endoteliale è stata studiata con miografia a pressione tramite l’utilizzo di curve dose risposta all’acetilcolina (Ach). Per definire il contributo della NADPH ossidasi e dello stress ossidativo mitocondriale alla biodisponibilità di NO abbiamo utilizzato gp91ds-tat (un inibitore specifico di NAPH ossidasi) e mitoTEMPO (scavenger dello stress ossidativo di origine mitocondriale) verificando come si modificasse la vasodilatazione indotta dall’Ach in seguito ad incubazione delle arteriole con questi composti.
I risultati della tesi dimostrano come nel paziente obeso esiste uno stato di disfunzione endoteliale e come entrambi questi composti favoriscano la vasodilatazione. In termini assoluti, l’effetto vasodilatatorio del mitoTEMPO risultava superiore a quello ottenuto con NADPH ossidasi, suggerendo che lo stress ossidativo mitocondriale possa aver un ruolo superiore nell’indurre disfunzione endoteliale nel paziente obeso rispetto al contributo della NADPH ossidasi.
Questi risultati dimostrano per la prima vota l’importanza dei radicali liberi di origine mitocondriale nel favorire la disfunzione endoteliale del paziente obeso. Dato che composti in grado di ridurre la produzione di mtROS sono già disponibili in commercio e hanno già dimostrato la loro efficacia nel migliorare la funzione endoteliale nell’essere umano, i nostri risultati ne suggeriscono un’applicazione come possibile terapia di prevenzione della disfunzione endoteliale legata all’obesità
ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF AN OIL-AND-GAS COMPLEX ON TERRITORY HANTI-MANSIYSKIY AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – UGRA
No full textResearches show presence of interrelations between a condition of ecological system and a level of economy in the present and the future. The author marks, that in system «the nature - a society - the person» is observed an aggravation of ýêîëîãî-economic, social and economic, economic-demographic and other contradictions. This circumstance forces to search for ways of improvement of a condition of an environment. In work the ýêîëîãî-economic estimation of influence of an oil-and-gas complex on territory Hanti-Mansiyskiy autonomous okrug - Ugra is given
HIV and Hepatitis C in Central Asia and China
No full textThe anthology analyses the development of the two overlapping epidemics HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C in Central Asia and China against the background of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Both epidemics have a significant impact on public health and particularly affect drug users. In order to contain the epidemics, it is therefore essential to develop prevention programmes for vulnerable groups and to counteract stigmatisation and social marginalisation. The publication combines country chapters and case studies on overarching topics such as the portrayal of HIV/AIDS in the media, the role of NGOs and the implementation of harm reduction programmes.With contributions byZhyldyz Bakirova | Alla Bessonova | Azizbek Boltaev | Daniel Deimel | Jiang Du | Tynchtyk Estebes uulu | Anna Meryem Grabski | Sandugash Ismagulova | Medet Kudabekov | Ingo Ilja Michels | Dalida Mukasheva | Nurgul Musaeva | Sona Orbelyan | Tatsiana Pikirenia | Uladzimir Pikirenia | Mariya Prilutskaya | Safarkhon Sattorov | Jarkyn Shadymanova | Alijon Soliev | Larissa Steimle | Heino Stöver | Hang Su | Umed Talbov | Asel Tentigenova | Mykyta Trofymenko | Yifan Xu | Dinara Yessimova | Guzalkhon ZakhidovaPublishedDer Sammelband untersucht die Entwicklung der beiden sich überschneidenden Epidemien HIV/AIDS und Hepatitis C in Zentralasien und China vor dem Hintergrund der Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung der Vereinten Nationen. Beide Epidemien haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die öffentliche Gesundheit und betreffen insbesondere Drogenkonsumierende. Zur Eindämmung der Epidemien ist es daher unerlässlich, Präventionsprogramme für vulnerable Gruppen zu entwickeln und der Stigmatisierung und gesellschaftlichen Marginalisierung entgegenzuwirken. Die Publikation vereint Länderkapitel und Fallstudien zu übergreifenden Themen wie der Darstellung von HIV/AIDS in den Medien, der Rolle von NGOs und der Durchführung von Programmen zur Schadensbegrenzung.Mit Beiträgen vonZhyldyz Bakirova | Alla Bessonova | Azizbek Boltaev | Daniel Deimel | Jiang Du | Tynchtyk Estebes uulu | Anna Meryem Grabski | Sandugash Ismagulova | Medet Kudabekov | Ingo Ilja Michels | Dalida Mukasheva | Nurgul Musaeva | Sona Orbelyan | Tatsiana Pikirenia | Uladzimir Pikirenia | Mariya Prilutskaya | Safarkhon Sattorov | Jarkyn Shadymanova | Alijon Soliev | Larissa Steimle | Heino Stöver | Hang Su | Umed Talbov | Asel Tentigenova | Mykyta Trofymenko | Yifan Xu | Dinara Yessimova | Guzalkhon Zakhidov
Analysing ocean wave data for improved planning of future offshore renewable energy
No full textClimate change is impacting people, industries and economies to ever greater degrees. One of the rapidly growing industries impacted by climate change is offshore wind energy. Numerous studies have shown a wide range of climate change impacts on the offshore wind resource. However, other potential impacts of climate change are less understood. This thesis investigated climate change impacts on installation and maintenance of offshore wind farms. Installation and maintenance each account for 20-25% of offshore wind farm lifecycle costs, and these activities significantly depend on ocean wave conditions. Wave reanalysis datasets, like ERA5, are often used to assess long-term wave climate. This thesis assessed the accuracy of the ERA5 wave dataset as a source of global ground-truth significant wave height data. The author showed that ERA5 tends to underestimate significant wave height above 5 m. The ERA5 accuracy increases with the increasing distance to shore, and is higher in more recent years. These findings informed the use of the ERA5 wave data in combination with atmospheric data from eight CMIP6 climate models to train a neural network to produce wave climate projections. The large size of the dataset, which included global 3-hour data for five variables (including significant wave height), hindered learning of the feed-forward neural network. Since the neural network failed to produce acceptable wave climate projections, an ensemble of existing numerical projections was used to quantify impacts of climate change on accessibility - the fraction of time when the weather does not impede installation and maintenance of offshore structures. This ensemble consisted of 11 wave simulations from the COWCLIP project, where wave models were forced with atmospheric data from seven CMIP5 climate models. This study found that accessibility is projected to increase in the North Atlantic and Asia, but decrease in Central America and in some cases in Australia and on the western North American coast. Most of the accessibility increase in the North Atlantic comes in the winter months, suggesting lengthening of the traditional maintenance season
Analysing ocean wave data for improved planning of future offshore renewable energy
Get PDFClimate change is impacting people, industries and economies to ever greater degrees. One of the rapidly growing industries impacted by climate change is offshore wind energy. Numerous studies have shown a wide range of climate change impacts on the offshore wind resource. However, other potential impacts of climate change are less understood. This thesis investigated climate change impacts on installation and maintenance of offshore wind farms. Installation and maintenance each account for 20-25% of offshore wind farm lifecycle costs, and these activities significantly depend on ocean wave conditions. Wave reanalysis datasets, like ERA5, are often used to assess long-term wave climate. This thesis assessed the accuracy of the ERA5 wave dataset as a source of global ground-truth significant wave height data. The author showed that ERA5 tends to underestimate significant wave height above 5 m. The ERA5 accuracy increases with the increasing distance to shore, and is higher in more recent years. These findings informed the use of the ERA5 wave data in combination with atmospheric data from eight CMIP6 climate models to train a neural network to produce wave climate projections. The large size of the dataset, which included global 3-hour data for five variables (including significant wave height), hindered learning of the feed-forward neural network. Since the neural network failed to produce acceptable wave climate projections, an ensemble of existing numerical projections was used to quantify impacts of climate change on accessibility - the fraction of time when the weather does not impede installation and maintenance of offshore structures. This ensemble consisted of 11 wave simulations from the COWCLIP project, where wave models were forced with atmospheric data from seven CMIP5 climate models. This study found that accessibility is projected to increase in the North Atlantic and Asia, but decrease in Central America and in some cases in Australia and on the western North American coast. Most of the accessibility increase in the North Atlantic comes in the winter months, suggesting lengthening of the traditional maintenance season
ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF AN OIL-AND-GAS COMPLEX ON TERRITORY HANTI-MANSIYSKIY AUTONOMOUS OKRUG – UGRA
No full textResearches show presence of interrelations between a condition of ecological system and a level of economy in the present and the future. The author marks, that in system «the nature - a society - the person» is observed an aggravation of эколого-economic, social and economic, economic-demographic and other contradictions. This circumstance forces to search for ways of improvement of a condition of an environment. In work the эколого-economic estimation of influence of an oil-and-gas complex on territory Hanti-Mansiyskiy autonomous okrug - Ugra is given
Aesthetic development of children of younger school age by means of fiction
No full textВ статье рассматривается эстетическое развитие детей младшего школьного возраста средствами художественной литературы. Автор называет источники эстетических впечатлений младших школьников: книга, природа, события общественной жизни. Описываются два направления процесса обучения чтению и различные подходы к выделению уровней восприятия художественного произведения.The article discusses the aesthetic development of children of younger school age by means of fiction. The author refers to the sources of aesthetic experiences of younger students: book, nature, events of public life. Describes two areas of learning reading and different approaches to the allocation of levels of perception artwork
Aesthetic development of children of younger school age by means of fiction
Get PDFВ статье рассматривается эстетическое развитие детей младшего школьного возраста средствами художественной литературы. Автор называет источники эстетических впечатлений младших школьников: книга, природа, события общественной жизни. Описываются два направления процесса обучения чтению и различные подходы к выделению уровней восприятия художественного произведения.The article discusses the aesthetic development of children of younger school age by means of fiction. The author refers to the sources of aesthetic experiences of younger students: book, nature, events of public life. Describes two areas of learning reading and different approaches to the allocation of levels of perception artwork
Living and responding at the margins: A conversation with narcofeminist activists
Get PDFOn 25 November 2021, the editors of this monograph had the honour and pleasure of talking to five founding members of the narcofeminist activist movement from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. They discuss the history and vision of the movement, the issues confronting women and gender minorities who use drugs, and the significance of the political context of drug prohibition in shaping their experiences. This article documents this conversation as simultaneously interpreted by Lyu Azbel
Conflicting patterns of thought in the Russian debate on transition: 2003-2007
Get PDFThis article is a continuation of two essays by the same author on Soviet/Russian economic debates between 1987 and 2002 published in Europe-Asia Studies in 2006 and 2007, so now the series of articles covers 20 years of Soviet/Russian discussions on economic reforms. Should Russia strive to become a 'Western' country marked by democracy and a market economy serving the individual interests of its citizens, or was it more important to become a great power again? Are Western patterns of political and economic life suitable for Russia or is the attempt to import foreign institutional structures doomed for failure, making it necessary for Russia to find her own way? This type of question, going far beyond the realm of economics, was and still is at the heart of the debate among Russian economists, which shall be discussed here, on the basis of a qualitative content analysis of the most important economic journals and selected monographs. --
