121,983 research outputs found
Análise comparativa entre o sistema cadastral da Alemanha e as diretrizes patra o cadastro territorial multifinalitário brasileiro
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pos-Graduação em Engenharia CivilEste trabalho propõe-se a contribuir para ampliação de fonte de informação sobre sistemas cadastrais e subsidiar o enriquecimento de discussões sobre esse tema através de três elementos: um estudo de caso sobre o sistema cadastral utilizado na Alemanha, um comparativo deste sistema com as tendências mundiais dadas para cadastros pela FIG e um comparativo entre o cadastro da Alemanha e o cadastro desenhado pelas "Diretrizes para o Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário nos municípios brasileiros". A unidade principal de análise do estudo de caso é um escritório de cadastro no estado da Baixa Saxônia. Na coleta de dados e informações são pesquisados sobremaneira aspectos histórico-culturais, organizacionais e técnicos. A partir dos dados levantados é primeiramente estabelecida uma comparação entre a atual situação do Cadastro na Alemanha e as seis declarações que caracterizam o "Cadastro 2014" apresentado pela FIG. Num segundo momento relacionam-se semelhanças e diferenças existentes entre o sistema de Cadastro da Alemanha e o Cadastro desenhado pelas "Diretrizes para o Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário nos municípios brasileiros", discutindo contribuições que a experiência internacional poderia dar por ocasião da efetiva regulamentação dessas diretrizes
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
The Wirrda Well and Acropolis prospects, Gawler Craton, South Australia: insights into evolving fluid conditions through apatite chemistry
No full textAbstract not availableSasha Krneta, Nigel J. Cook, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Kathy Ehrig, Alkis Kontonikas-Charo
Prevention of cognitive decline after radiation therapy
No full textCentral nervous system tumours are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and the second-most-common malignancy diagnosed after leukaemia. Advances in treatment regimens and multimodal strategies, from early surgical resection, to radiotherapy, complete craniospinal radiation, and chemotherapeutic treatments have greatly improved the chances of survival. However, they are usually accompanied by long-term, late neurocognitive deficits, which, in totality, contribute to reduced quality of life. The aim of this thesis was to illuminate the mechanisms behind the cognitive decline that arises after cranial radiotherapy in childhood cancer survivors and to explore potential treatment strategies to prevent it.Despite the effectiveness of radiotherapy in treating brain cancer, a biomarker that can estimate the extent of IR-induced brain injury and can be correlated with the clinical outcomes has yet to be established. Discovering a measurable molecule, that can be easily quantified in clinical samples that can be obtained through minimally invasive procedures would prove instrumental in predicting the severity of the neurocognitive complications and stratifying patients to the best treatment scheme to prevent or reduce the debilitating decline. In the first study of this thesis, we identified a very promising molecule, EDA2R (ectodysplasin A2 receptor), and we propose it as a potential biomarker. Ectodysplasin A2 receptor is a protein that belongs to the tumour necrosis factor family and is involved a variety of biological processes. After irradiation, we show that EDA2R is highly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the blood of mice and is the only marker that remains at high concentrations even at two weeks after the treatment completion. Fulfilling the criteria of a biomarker, it remains to be correlated with cognitive performance in a clinical setting.Among the most dominant hypotheses on the explanation of radiotherapy-induced cognitive decline is the depletion of hippocampal neurogenesis, a physiological process through which new neurons are constantly being born in the from neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), which reside deep in the hippocampus, the centre of memory and learning. The depletion of neurogenesis has also been theorized to derive from the neuroinflammatory microenvironment that radiotherapy induces, which hinders the abilities of NSPCs to differentiate into neurons, and is governed by aberrantly activated microglia. As the resident immune cells of the brain, microglia react immediately to irradiation and undergo a series of changes to adapt to the needs of their niche, and their irradiation-induced diminishing numbers. Through unbiased, longitudinal in vivo studies, we showed that microglia reactivate long after irradiation and adopt unique morphologies and inflammatory profiles in a temporal manner. We observed a biphasic response in the hippocampal tissue, characterized by interferon signalling and proliferation of microglia that leads to neuronal asynchrony, which improves over time, due to the arrival of macrophage-derived microglia. In addition, our investigation revealed subsets of microglia that try to divide even in the presence of DNA damage, leading to senescence.Besides raising and maintaining a neuroinflammatory alarm, microglia are also responsible for clearing dead neural progenitors and cell debris. Irradiation has also been shown to increase the levels of expression of genes that are related to phagocytosis. Several genetic and pharmacological tools have been developed to deplete microglial populations over the years. The usage of these approaches could prove instrumental in understanding the role of microglia in the depletion of neurogenesis. In addition, a study by Willis et al. in 2020 showed that depleting microglia and their subsequent repopulation attenuated cognitive decline in a traumatic brain injury model. With these in mind, we utilized the Cx3cr1CreERt2- YFP/+Rosa26DTA/+ mouse model to deplete microglia before subjecting the animals to cranial radiotherapy. Contrary to what we expected, the absence of microglia increased the production of pro-inflammatory factors and neither the depletion nor the subsequent repopulation had any impact on the loss of immature or proliferating neurons. These findings challenge the proposed role for a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and suggest that the observed reduction of neurogenesis was solely due to IR..Cranial radiotherapy has been documented to lead to decreases in dendritic density and changes in the spine morphology of the hippocampal neurons. As the main sites of the excitatory synapses, changes in dendrites and spines will often lead to abnormal signaling and dysregulation of the circuit, functions that are essential for cognition, and might also lead to glutamatergic excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Since newborn neurons rely on external inputs from the hippocampal circuit to pass survival checkpoints, strengthening synaptic connectivity might increase the chances of survival of the damaged immature neurons and improve cognitive functions in patients.Memantine is an uncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties and increases synaptic plasticity and is currently used in the treatment of AlzheimerŐs disease patients. Due to these factors, memantine was considered as a great candidate for ameliorating radiation-induced cognitive decline, and several clinical trials have been completed and are underway since 2013, with very promising results. However, the exact mechanisms of how memantine exerts its neuroprotective effects are still unknown. For the final study of this thesis, we investigated the potential of memantine in preventing loss of neurogenesis. Memantine was administered in mice intraperitonially 30 minutes after cranial irradiation, and then it was supplied in their drinking water to achieve a steady state plasma concentration that recapitulates the clinical practice. Even though our results suggest no change in the numbers of surviving neurons in the hippocampal neurogenic niche, we showed that memantine led to an increase in the arborization of the dendritic processes of the young neurons. These data highlight memantineŐs potential in improving synaptic plasticity, the incorporation of immature neurons in the hippocampal circuitry and, by extension, in attenuating cognitive decline.List of scientific papersI. EDA2R reflects the acute brain response to cranial irradiation in liquid biopsies. Alejandro Lastra Romero, Thea Seitz, Georgios Alkis Zisiadis, Holli Jeffery, Ahmed M Osman*. Neuro Oncol. 2024 Apr 29:noae077. *: Corresponding author(s). https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noae077 II. Microglia Adopt Temporally Specific Subtypes after Irradiation, Correlating with Neuronal Asynchrony. Alejandro Lastra Romero#, Efthalia Preka#, Giusy Pizzirusso, Luis Enrique Arroyo-Garcia, Georgios Alkis Zisiadis, Nuria Oliva-Vilarnau, Thea Seitz, Kai Zhou, Arturo Gonzalez Isla, Lara Friess, Ying Sun, Alia Shamik, Changlian Zhu, Carlos F. D. Rodrigues, AndrŽ Fisahn, Bertrand Joseph, Lena-Maria Carlson, Adamantia Fragkopoulou, Volker M Lauschke, Christer Betsholtz, Ahmed M Osman*, Klas Blomgren*. #These authors contributed equally to this study. *Corresponding author(s). [Manuscript]III. Microglia depletion and repopulation do not alter the effects of cranial irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis. Kai Zhou#, Georgios Alkis Zisiadis#, Monique Havermans, Adamantia Fragkopoulou, Cecilia Dominguez, Makiko Ohshima, Ahmed M Osman, Carlos F. D. Rodrigues, Klas Blomgren*. #These authors contributed equally to this study. *Corresponding author(s). [Manuscript]IV. Memantine increases the dendritic complexity of hippocampal young neurons in the juvenile brain after cranial irradiation. Georgios Alkis Zisiadis, Androniki Alevyzaki, Elene Nicola, Carlos F. D. Rodrigues, Klas Blomgren, Ahmed M Osman*. Front Oncol. 2023 Oct 4;13:1202200. *Corresponding author(s). https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1202200 </p
sj-tiff-3-jet-10.1177_15266028231193978 – Supplemental material for A Systematic Review Network Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression on Surgical and Endovenous Interventions for the Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Ulcer Disease
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tiff-3-jet-10.1177_15266028231193978 for A Systematic Review Network Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression on Surgical and Endovenous Interventions for the Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Ulcer Disease by Vangelis Bontinis, Kiriakos Ktenidis, Alkis Bontinis, Andreas Koutsoumpelis, Constantine N Antonopoulos, Argirios Giannopoulos, Vasileios Rafailidis, Angeliki Chorti and Andrew W Bradbury in Journal of Endovascular Therapy</p
Everyday Locations as Cues to Smoke: Personalized Environments in Virtual Reality to Elicit Smoking Cravings
No full textSmoking is a leading risk factor negatively impacting the health of people, not only those partaking in it first-hand, but also to those around them. Different methods are available to assist people with quitting smoking, with various degrees of effectiveness. Researchers developing smoking cessation approaches would like to have controlled environments to test how effective they are before offering them as viable options. Virtual reality has been demonstrated to be an efficacious tool for facilitating the presentation of cues aimed at eliciting smoking cravings in the lab. Addiction, however, is a complex matter involving different parts of the brain, and how or when conditioned responses causing smoking cravings are activated depend on the individual in question. There are strong indications that personalization of smoking cues, or in other words using elements relevant in the addiction model of an individual, may elicit higher or at least consistent smoking cravings. The general aim is that developing smoking cessation approaches targeting those most relevant elements may have higher ecological validity and therefore be more effective in assisting people both with quitting smoking and maintaining that behavior change. To assist researchers with testing their smoking cessation approaches using a virtual coach, we have created a system enabling the presentation of virtual environments and facilitating communication between researchers and participants while the latter are viewing them. We have evaluated the effectiveness of our system in eliciting a familiar experience, which we posit is a major component tied to smoking cravings. Our results showed that personalized virtual environments elicited a more familiar experience than non-personalized ones. We also examined the usability of our developed user interface, as well as the sense of presence elicited by our system, both of which received positive scores.<br/
sj-tiff-5-jet-10.1177_15266028231193978 – Supplemental material for A Systematic Review Network Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression on Surgical and Endovenous Interventions for the Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Ulcer Disease
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tiff-5-jet-10.1177_15266028231193978 for A Systematic Review Network Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression on Surgical and Endovenous Interventions for the Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Ulcer Disease by Vangelis Bontinis, Kiriakos Ktenidis, Alkis Bontinis, Andreas Koutsoumpelis, Constantine N Antonopoulos, Argirios Giannopoulos, Vasileios Rafailidis, Angeliki Chorti and Andrew W Bradbury in Journal of Endovascular Therapy</p
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