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Correction: Hammad, a.; kaido, t.; aliyev v.; mandato c.; uemoto s. nutritional therapy in liver transplantation (Nutrients, (2017) 9, E1126)
No full textThe last paragraph on p. 13 and the first one 14: “After liver transplant, patients will have to take immunosuppressant medication to the end of their lives. Although modern drugs with less side effects are available, increased survival rates and decreased overall complications have led to many nutrition status implications associated with the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus and corticosteroids. New onset diabetes or glucose impairment is common initially after the operation as the consequence of immunosuppressant regiment [105,106]. Diabetic dietary advice is usual required, and if necessary, the use of oral hypoglycemic or insulin regimens should be tethered according to the progression of diet. If hyperglycemia persists, it should be managed by reducing excess glucose intake, since higher insulin might hamper increased glucose oxidation in this period. Also, the diabetogenic potential of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus may be lowered by reducing its dose, without undue risk of rejection [109]. Many patients may concomitantly present with high potassium levels shortly after the operation. This usually results from the nephrotoxicity of the prescribed immunosuppressant medication. Thus, in the early post-transplant periods, it might be important to control potassium food sources as well via the recommendation of the use of dietary techniques that are able to reduce its content in nutrients [106]. In the long term, this is not indicated, as this condition mostly disappears. Hypomagnesemia also rises as a consequence of immunosuppression and, patients generally receive magnesium supplementation, however, some progress with diarrhea. The intake of magnesium rich food sources should be encouraged, such as dark cocoa, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and green vegetables. Important to point that the consumption of this kind of food should not be restricted, even considering the immunocompromised host as a result of anti-graft rejection drugs. Patients should receive food safety advice to prevent foodborne infections, which can be achieved with the correct handling of fruits and vegetables [95]”. These two paragraphs are corrected to read: “After liver transplant, patients will need immunosuppressive medications for lifetime. Although new drugs with less side effects are available, increased survival rates and decreased overall complications have caused multiple nutritional implications linked to the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus or corticosteroids [110]. New onset diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance is not uncommon short after the operation as the consequence of immunosuppressant treatment [105,106,110]. Diabetic dietary recommendation is usually needed, and if required, the use of oral hypoglycemic or insulin treatments should be tailored according to the advancement of diet. If hyperglycemia remains, it should be addressed by decreasing glucose intake, since higher insulin might prevent increased glucose oxidation during this period. Also, the possible diabetogenic effect of tacrolimus may be decreased by decreasing its dose, without added risk of rejection [109,110]. Many patients may concurrently have high potassium levels shortly after transplant [110]. This is usually due to the nephrotoxicity of the used immunosuppressive drug. So, it might be crucial to adjust potassium food sources during the early post-operative period, and use of dietary modifications which would decrease its content in nutritional intake [106,110]. This is not required long-term after transplant, as this transient imbalance often disappears. Hypomagnesemia also occurs due to immunosuppressants and, patients usually have magnesium supplements, however, some will have diarrhea. Magnesium-rich food intake should be carried on, such as dark cocoa, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and green vegetables [110]. It is crucial to mention that consumption of such kind of food should not be restricted, even considering the immunocompromised host as a result of anti-graft rejection drugs. Patients should receive dietary safety recommendations to avoid food borne infections, with the correct handling of fruits and vegetables [95,110]. The first paragraph in Section 3.3 on p. 16: “In the long-term after liver transplantation, weight gain is mostly observed. It is important to recover the nutritional status, since the patients lose an average of 9.1 kg during the course of liver disease [117]. Greatest relative weight gain occurs in the first six months after the operation [47] and, recovery of all weight loss happens in the first post-transplant year [124]. However, unfortunately, patients do not stop gaining weight in the subsequent years [125], resulting in the alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity [47]. During the first 12 months, the fat mass progressively increases in those patients who had previously depleted overall body mass, but muscle mass recovery is subtle and nonsignificant by the end of the first year [126]. Therefore, despite the weight gain, the high prevalence of sarcopenia does not change after transplantation [7,47].” This paragraph has been changed to “Weight gain is generally seen long-term after liver transplantation [110]. It is a priority to recover the nutritional status, since the patients lose an average of 9.1 kg during the course of liver disease [110,119]. Largest relative weight gain occurs in the first 6 post-operative months [47,110] and, recovery of all weight loss happens within the first post-transplant year [110,125,126]. However, patients do not stop gaining weight in the subsequent years [110,127], resulting in overweight and obesity high prevalence [47]. During the first year, the fat mass progressively increases in those patients who had previously depleted overall body mass, but muscle mass recovery occurs at a relatively lower rate by the end of the first 12 months [128]. Hence, despite the ongoing weight gain, the high prevalence of sarcopenia does not decrease after LT [7,47,110].” The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers of Nutrients by these changes. The changes do not affect the scientific results. The original manuscript will be updated and will remain online on the article webpage, with a reference to this correction
Nutritional therapy in liver transplantation
No full textProtein-energy malnourishment is commonly encountered in patients with end-stage liver disease who undergo liver transplantation. Malnutrition may further increase morbidity, mortality and costs in the post-transplantation setting. The importance of carefully assessing the nutritional status during the work-up of patients who are candidates for liver replacement is widely recognized. The metabolic abnormalities induced by liver failure render the conventional assessment of nutritional status to be challenging. Preoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass, namely, sarcopenia, has a significant detrimental impact on post-transplant outcomes. It is essential to provide sufficient nutritional support during all phases of liver transplantation. Oral nutrition is preferred, but tube enteral nutrition may be required to provide the needed energy intake. Herein, the latest currently employed perioperative nutritional interventions in liver transplant recipients are thoroughly illustrated including synbiotics, micronutrients, branched-chain amino acid supplementation, immunonutrition formulas, fluid and electrolyte balance, the offering of nocturnal meals, dietary counselling, exercise and rehabilitation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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