105,271 research outputs found
Sulam alis dalam perspektif Hadits
No full textUmat Islam telah sepakat bahwa al-Qur’an dan hadits sebagai sumber pokok ajaran Islam yang harus dita’ati. Al-Qur’an sebagai rujukan pertama dan hadits merupakan bayan apabila dalam al-Qur’an tidak dijelaskan penjelasannya secara rinci. Hadits yang bersifat universal akan selalu sesuai dengan aspek kehidupan tanpa mengenal batas. Untuk mewujudkan kedudukan dan fungsi hadits sebagaimana mestinya maka diperlukan penelitian dan pemahaman yang mendalam untuk dapat menangkap makna dan tujuan yang terkandung didalamnya agar mendapatkan pemahaman yang tepat serta dapat menghubungkannya dengan permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi di masa sekarang.
Salah satu fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah sedang trand nya praktek sulam alis untuk memperindah bentuk alis dengan cara yang instan dan tahan lama. Sulam alis merupakan proses aplikasi tinta yang berfungsi untuk mengisi bagian-bagian alis yang kosong, menyisipkannya diantara rambut alis dan membuatnya terlihat lebih tebal sekaligus alami. Sebelum sulam alis dilakukan terlebih dahulu membuat desain yang ideal dengan menggunakan pensil alis. Setelah itu melakuakan pencabutan terhadap bulu-bulu alis yang ada diluar garis ideal untuk mempermudah pengerjaan dan mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal. Mencabut bulu di wajah (alis) telah banyak dijelaskan dalam hadits Nabi Saw. secara keseluruhan hadits-hadits tersebut melarangnya bahkan menggunakan term la’ana (laknat) bagi yang melakukannya. Hal ini memunculkan pertanyaan ada apa dibalik pernyataan Rasulullah Saw sebagaimana dalam hadits tersebut. Maka perlu adanya penelitian terhadap masalah tersebut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan ilmu ma’ani al-h}adis|| dan mengkorelasikannya dengan konteks kekinian, dengan demikian diharapkan dapat memperoleh pemahaman yang salih li kulli zaman wa makan. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melalui beberapa langkah, diantaranya penelitian sanad (kritik historis), untuk mengetahui kualitas hadits, selanjutnya penelitian makna hadits (kritik eiditis) yang meliputi kajian kebahasaan, kajian tematik-komprehensif dengan mengkonfirmasikan dengan al-Qur’an dan hadits-hadits lain yang mendukung. Serta kajian terhadap hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi munculnya hadits tersebut baik secara mikro maupun makro. Kemudian langkah berikutnya adalah menangkap makna universal dari hadits tersebut (generalisasi), dan yang terakhir relevansinya terhadap realitas kekinian.
Setelah dilakukan penelitian maka menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa sulam alis merupakan perilaku yang dilarang oleh Allah Swt dan Rasul-Nya, karena dianggap merubah ciptaan Allah Swt tanpa adanya udzur syar’i. Dengan catatan apabila sulam alis tersebut dalam prosesnya dilakukan pencabutan terhadap bulu-bulu alis hingga tipis dan atau tinta yang digunakan dapat menghalangi syarat sah nya wudhu serta membahyakan bagi kesehatan
Les pas de chance; eau forte de Brunin.
No full textAuthor's pseud., Harry Alis, at head of title.Mode of access: Internet
A Joint Adaptive MMSE Downlink Receiver
No full textWe present three joint adaptive mean squared error receiver structures for a time division duplex down-link scenario in which a single mobile station is allocated several code-multiplexed channels. The first structure is a bank of single channel MMSE receivers. The second is composed of an equaliser common to all the received channels and a bank of matched filters for despreading. The equaliser can be updated using a multiple-error filtered-X LMS algorithm. The final proposed structure features both an equaliser and a bank of MMSE receivers. The performance of the three architectures is tested and compared under multipath fading channel propagation conditions and BER values are provided
Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension (ALIS) Penetrates Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Biofilms and Enhances Amikacin Uptake Into Macrophages
No full textNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause pulmonary infections in patients with structural lung damage, impaired immunity, or other risk factors. Delivering antibiotics to the sites of these infections is a major hurdle of therapy because pulmonary NTM infections can persist in biofilms or as intracellular infections within macrophages. Inhaled treatments can improve antibiotic delivery into the lungs, but efficient nebulization delivery, distribution throughout the lungs, and penetration into biofilms and macrophages are considerable challenges for this approach. Therefore, we developed amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) to overcome these challenges. Nebulization of ALIS has been shown to provide particles within the respirable size range that distribute to both central and peripheral lung compartments in humans. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ALIS against NTM has been demonstrated previously. The key mechanistic questions are whether ALIS penetrates NTM biofilms and enhances amikacin uptake into macrophages. We found that ALIS effectively penetrated throughout NTM biofilms and concentration-dependently reduced the number of viable mycobacteria. Additionally, we found that ALIS improved amikacin uptake by ∼4-fold into cultured macrophages compared with free amikacin. In rats, inhaled ALIS increased amikacin concentrations in pulmonary macrophages by 5- to 8-fold at 2, 6, and 24 h post-dose and retained more amikacin at 24 h in airways and lung tissue relative to inhaled free amikacin. Compared to intravenous free amikacin, a standard-of-care therapy for refractory and severe NTM lung disease, ALIS increased the mean area under the concentration-time curve in lung tissue, airways, and macrophages by 42-, 69-, and 274-fold. These data demonstrate that ALIS effectively penetrates NTM biofilms, enhances amikacin uptake into macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, and retains amikacin within airways and lung tissue. An ongoing Phase III trial, adding ALIS to guideline based therapy, met its primary endpoint of culture conversion by month 6. ALIS represents a promising new treatment approach for patients with refractory NTM lung disease
Scrutinising uncitedness and few h-type indicators of selected Indian physics and astronomy journals
No full textThe uncitedness of twelve Indian physics and astronomy journals over twelve years (2009-2020) time span is analysed here. Besides Uncitedness Factor (UF), three other indicators are discussed, viz., Time-normalized Citation per paper (CY), H-core Density (HD) and Time-normalised H-index (TH). The journal-wise variational patterns of these four indicators, i.e., UF, CY, HD and TH and the relationships of UF with the other three indicators are analysed. The calculated numerical values of these indicators are observed to formulate seven hypotheses, which are tested by the F-Test method. The average annual rate of change of uncited paper is found to be 67% of the total number of papers. The indicator CY is found temporally constant. The indicator HD is found to be nearly constant journal-wise over the entire time span, while the indicator TH is found to be nearly constant for all the journals. The UF inversely varies with CY and TH for the journals and directly varies with TH over the years. Except for a few Indian journals in physics and astronomy, the majority of the other journals face the situation of uncitedness. The uncitedness of Indian journals in this field is higher by 12% as compared to foreign journals in the same field, which indicates a possible poor circulation of the journals
Bibliometric scoring of an individual’s research output in science and engineering
No full textThe relevance of various citation metrics used for parameterization of the research outputs of scientists is reviewed. The rationale of judging the performance of scientists on the basis of the total number of research papers published, the total citations received for these papers or the average citation reckoning per paper has often been criticized. The significance of impact factor of journals in which the papers have appeared has also been debated. The h-index introduced by Jorge E. Hirsch in 2005 has gained some acceptance in this regard but its value is highly dependent on the academic discipline concerned and also varies across sub-disciplines. Because citation practices exhibit wide variations among different fields, a scientist working in a particular discipline need not be disheartened with a low h-index as compared to fellow scientists of a different discipline. The h-index has been successful in assessing the performance of scientists of the same field and at the same stage of their careers. By appropriately scaling the discipline-dependence of h-index, it has also enabled comparison among those working in different disciplines, serving as a simplified, robust, intelligible measure. Several metrics proposed to overcome the flaws of h-index are briefly described
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Determination of precipitating electron fluxes from inversion of coordinated ALIS/EISCAT observations
No full textIn March 2008, discrete stable auroral arcs were investigated during a coordinated observational campaign between the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT) and the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS). The two sets of data are inverted to retrieve fluxes of precipitating electrons. Both results are matching in energy and shape with a typical average precipitation energy of a few keV. Finally, by using the average energy spectrum of electrons deduced from ALIS data as input for the TRANS4 kinetic/fluid electron transport 1D model, computed auroral emissions are compared to ALIS observations and electron density profiles are compared to EISCAT profiles.
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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