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Sterilisasi produk siap saji: Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus 1778) dalam Kemasan Retort Pouch: Sterilization of ready-to-eat products: Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus 1778) in retort pouch packaging
No full textAn important factor in providing a product is its shelf life. This study aimed to determine the time required for sterilization by considering the damage to the quality of food ingredients due to heating and maintaining product acceptance by consumers. The methodological approach of this research is the sterilization process by experimenting with the retort pressure setting and the materials used: (A) 1.8 bar pressure with 100% skipjack; (B) pressure 1.2 bar with 90% skipjack; (C) pressure 1.2 bar with 70% skipjack; (D) 1.8 bar pressure with 50% skipjack. The maximum temperature is 121,1oC. Additional ingredients used were potatoes and balado (spicy) seasoning. This analysis includes two components: determination of the adequacy of the sterilization process at a lethal rate of 3.5, and observation of quality degradation based on organoleptic changes and Total Plate Count (TPC) after the product is removed from the packaging. The results showed the adequacy of the sterilization process (actual sterilization process temperature and time) for sample A at 121.1oC for 4.8 minutes, sample B at 114.5oC for 4.8 minutes, sample C at 115.4oC for 5.31 minutes and sample D at 124oC for 13.4 minutes. The results show that sample A has the best criteria in addition to a central temperature of 121.1oC and the time it takes is not too long. Further analysis by measuring the organoleptic after the sterilization process showed that sample A had the highest preference level of 8.2. For the best products, TPC analysis was carried out on unpackaged products with different storage times (3, 9, and 12 h), and the results were 2×102, 2×102, and 3×103, indicating that product storage for 12 h still met the SNI standard for the number of fishery products, namely 5x105.Salah satu hal penting dalam menyediakan suatu produk yaitu masa simpan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebutuhan waktu proses sterilisasi dengan memperhatikan kerusakan mutu bahan makanan akibat pemanasan dan mempertahankan keberterimaan produk oleh konsumen. Pendekatan metodologis dari penelitian ini adalah proses sterilisasi dengan percobaan pengaturan tekanan retort dan bahan yang digunakan: (A) tekanan 1,8 bar dengan 100% cakalang; (B) tekanan 1,2 bar dengan 90% cakalang; (C) tekanan 1,2 bar dengan 70% cakalang; (D) tekanan 1,8 bar dengan 50% cakalang. Suhu maksimum yang digunakan pada alat yaitu 121,1oC. Bahan tambahan yang digunakan yaitu kentang dan bumbu balado. Analisis ini mencakup dua komponen: penentuan pada kecukupan proses sterilisasi pada angka Lethal rate sebesar 3,5 dan pengamatan pada penurunan kualitas berdasarkan perubahan organoleptik dan Total Plate Count (TPC) setelah produk dikeluarkan dari kemasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecukupan proses sterilisasi (suhu dan waktu proses sterilisasi yang aktual) pada sampel A suhu 121,5oC selama 4,8 menit, sampel B suhu 114,5oC selama 4,8 menit, sampel C suhu 115,4oC selama 5,31 menit dan sampel D suhu 124oC selama 13,4 menit. Hasil pengukuran kebutuhan untuk proses sterilisasi bahwa sampel A memiliki kriteria terbaik selain mencapai suhu sentral 121,1oC dan juga waktu yang dibutuhkan tidak terlalu lama. Analisis lebih lanjut dengan mengukur organoleptik setelah proses sterilisasi dengan hasil sampel A memiliki tingkat preferensi tertinggi yaitu 8,2. Pada produk terbaik analisis TPC dilakukan pada produk yang tidak dikemas dengan waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda (3, 9, dan 12) jam, hasilnya 2x102, 2x102, dan 3x103 menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan produk selama 12 jam masih memenuhi standar SNI untuk jumlah produk perikanan yaitu 5x10
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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