1,721,074 research outputs found
A model for dynamic reconfiguration in service-oriented architectures
No full textThe importance of modelling the dynamic architectural characteristics of software systems has long been recognised. However, the nature of the dynamic architectural characteristics of service-oriented applications goes beyond what is currently addressed by existing architecture description languages (ADLs). At the heart of the service-oriented approach is the logical separation of service need from the need-fulfillment mechanism, i.e., the service provider: the binding between the two is deferred to runtime and established at the instance level, i.e. each time the need for the service emerges. In this paper we present an architecture-oriented model for dynamic reconfiguration that paves the way for the definition of ADLs that are able to address the specification of dynamic architectural characteristics of service-oriented applications.</p
A Tale of Migration to Cloud Computing for Sharing Experiences and Observations
No full textCloud computing is an emerging paradigm, which promises to make the utility computing model comprehensively implemented by using virtualization technologies. An increasing number of enterprises have started providing and using Cloud-enabled infrastructures and services. However, the advancement of cloud computing poses several new challenges to existing methods and approaches to develop and evolve software intensive systems. This paper reports our experiences and observations gained from migrating an Open Source Software (OSS), Hackystat, to cloud computing. We expect that our description of Hackystat's architecture prior and after migration and design decisions can provide some guidance about modifying architecture of a service-based system for cloud computing. Moreover, we also hope that our experiences reported in this paper can contribute to the identification of some research questions for improving software engineering support for developing and evolving cloud-enabled systems.Muhammad Ali Babar, Muhammad Aufeef Chauha
Supporting product development with software from the bazaar
No full textTHERE ARE VARIOUS scenarios for a software development organisation to adopt Open Source Software (OSS). One scenario is the adoption of OSS products in order to integrate them as components into a final
software product. Another scenario is the adoption of OSS development
practices within the confines of an organisation; this is called “Inner
Source”. In both cases, the software product that is developed is used in
component-based software development (CBSD) to build large-scale products. Also, in both cases, such software is developed by a
“community”, or using Raymond’s metaphor, in a “bazaar”. In the first case, the bazaar is external, and in the second case the bazaar is internal to the organisation.
Both scenarios have been reported as providing benefit to organisations. However, little research has been conducted to identify and document the challenges that practitioners may encounter in these two
scenarios. The research in this thesis is divided into two strands, one for
each scenario. The first research strand consists of a systematic identification of
challenges in using OSS in product development. One of the most frequently reported challenges is the evaluation and selection of components. This was followed by an analysis of existing OSS evaluation
methods proposed so far. These methods seem to pay little attention to a product’s software architecture, which has been identified as a critical success factor in CBSD. To gain insight whether or not practitioners are, in fact, interested in architectural knowledge (AK) of an OSS product, an empirical survey was conducted. One of the findings was that practitioners are interested in certain cases in a component’s architectural patterns. Since there exists no guidance to identify architectural patterns (as opposed to design patterns), the thesis proposes a process to guide the task of identifying architectural patterns in an OSS product.
The research continued by investigating the second scenario, which is Inner Source. This strand of research started with an
investigation of challenges at an Inner Source organisation. These challenges were categorised and compared to the challenges identified for the external bazaar. This was followed by a literature-based framework
that an organisation may use to assess its fit with Inner Source. In summary, by identifying and documenting challenges and
needs, and by proposing guidance to practitioners, the contributions of
this thesis support product development with software from the bazaar.ICRSET grant RS/2008/134SFI grant no 03/CE2/I202_
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Documenting early architectural assumptions in scenario-based requirements
No full textIn scenario-based requirement elicitation techniques such as quality attribute scenario elicitation and use case engineering, the requirements engineer is typically forced to make some implicit early architectural assumptions. These architectural assumptions represent initial architectural elements such as supposed building blocks of the envisaged system. Such implicitly specified assumptions are prone to ambiguity, vagueness, duplication, and contradiction. Furthermore, they are typically scattered across and tangled within the different scenario-based requirements. This lack of modularity hinders navigability of the requirement body as a whole.
This paper discusses the need to explicitly document otherwise implicit architectural assumptions. Such an explicit intermediary between quality attribute scenarios and use cases enables the derivation and exploration of interrelations between these different requirements. This is essential to lower the mental effort required to navigate these models and facilitates a number of essential activities in the early development phases such as the selection of candidate drivers in attribute-driven design,
architectural trade-off analysis and architectural change impact analysis.status: Publishe
Micro-Patterns in Solidity Code
No full textSolidity is the predominant programming language for blockchain-based smart contracts, and its characteristics pose significant challenges for code analysis and maintenance. Traditional software analysis approaches, while effective for conventional programming languages, often fail to address Solidity-specific features such as gas optimization and security constraints. This paper introduces micro-patterns - recurring, small-scale design structures that capture key behavioral and structural peculiarities specific to a language - for Solidity language and demonstrates their value in understanding smart contract development practices. We identified 18 distinct micro-patterns organized in five categories (Security, Functional, Optimization, Interaction, and Feedback), detailing their characteristics to enable automated detection. To validate this proposal, we analyzed a dataset of 23258 smart contracts from five popular blockchains (Ethereum, Polygon, Arbitrum, Fantom and Optimism). Our analysis reveals widespread adoption of micro-patterns, with 99% of contracts implementing at least one pattern and an average of 2.76 patterns per contract. The Storage Saver pattern showed the highest adoption (84.62% mean coverage), while security patterns demonstrated platform-specific adoption rates. Statistical analysis revealed significant platform-specific differences in adoption, particularly in Borrower, Implementer, and Storage Saver patterns
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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