23 research outputs found
Let's Talk About Sex
No full textAbout the author: Katie Mikulan is from Kansas City, Kansas. After graduation she plans to begin her career in the Family Medicine unit at the University of Kansas Hospital. Her plans for the future include returning to school and scuba diving in the Great Barrier Reef. We wish her well in both.In the past sex was usually saved until marriage. This meant that talking about sex was
taboo and there were not many unplanned pregnancies outside of marriage. Well, times have
changed and people are having sex at a younger age, but usually this is without education and the
proper protection. However, the taboo that is still placed on talking about sex prohibits those
who are becoming sexually active from learning how to protect themselves from mishaps like
unplanned pregnancies. Unplanned pregnancies hit teenagers the hardest because they are still in
school and sometimes are barely able to take care of themselves, let alone another dependent
human being. These circumstances make teens that are pregnant more likely to not finish their
education (Bennet & Assefi, 2005). Some still believe that this is a
topic that should not be talked about, or if it is talked about then abstinence is the only thing to
be taught. Throughout this paper, topics like sex education in high schools, the knowledge of
contraception, and parental involvement in sex education will be discussed on how they affect
teen pregnancy rates in the United States.UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF NURSING BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING PROGRAM AND DELTA CHAPTER OF SIGMA THETA INTERNATIONALEditorial. Closer Look at Visitation Hour Policies in Intensive Care Units -- Banh, M. Expanding Donor Criteria: Is it Safe? -- Barkman, A. Intimate Partner Violence Screening: A Nursing Concern? -- Friesen, K. Taking the Guess Out of the Gender Game: Ethical Issues in Pre-Conception Sex Selection -- McShane, F. Let's Talk About Sex -- Mikulan, K. Legal and Ethical Issues Concerning Pro_Life Choices -- O'Malley, C. Medical Marijuana: The Legal and Clinical Facts Regarding Medical Use -- Ramsey, A. The Benefits of Psychedelic Drug Application for Clinical Treatment of Mental Illness -- Shumate, T. Ethical Issues of Children as Research Subjects -- Truong, M. N
False claims about false memory research
No full textPezdek and Lam [Pezdek, K. & Lam, S. (2007). What research paradigms have cognitive psychologists used to study “False memory,” and what are the implications of these choices? Consciousness and Cognition] claim that the majority of research into false memories has been misguided. Specifically, they charge that false memory scientists have been (1) misusing the term “false memory,” (2) relying on the wrong methodologies to study false memories, and (3) misapplying false memory research to real world situations. We review each of these claims and highlight the problems with them. We conclude that several types of false memory research have advanced our knowledge of autobiographical and recovered memories, and that future research will continue to make significant contributions to how we understand memory and memory errors
Abortion services in South Africa : challenges and barriers to safe abortion care : health care providers' perspectives
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 199-213).Unsafe abortion is a preventable phenomenon and continues to be a major public health problem in many countries especially in the developing world. Despite abortion being legally available in South Africa after a change in legislation in 1996, barriers to accessing safe abortion services continue to exist. These barriers include provider opposition to abortion, and a shortage of trained and willing abortion providers. The dearth of abortion providers undermines the availability of safe, legal abortion, and has serious implications for women's access to abortion services and health service planning
Somali Refugee Women’s Perception of Access to Services in the UK
No full textAbstract
My research explores Somali refugee women’s reported experiences of access to public services in the UK. Since the majority of women in the Somali community are illiterate, I conducted qualitative research involving 50 interviews, (some repeat), between May and July 2010, with 26 Somali refugee women who came to Britain between 1990 and 2009. In this thesis, my analysis roughly follows the chronology of refugee women’s entry into the UK. Therefore I start with access to immigration services. My key finding here is that people who have little experience of the public sphere due to their gender, find themselves in difficult situations when dealing with officials when they arrive in their new environment. The women‘s access to services was strongly impaired, partly due to discrepancies between regulations around immigration and the lived experiences the women had. This was also evident in the context of education services, the topic of my second chapter. Here two key issues emerged. One was the importance of language skills. The other was the contradictory demand of learning about the culture into which the women had moved and being required to hunt for jobs at the same time. Ultimately, only very few women participated in education and employment. However, these are resources that facilitate effective integration, and lacking them had a detrimental effect on my participants. My analysis of the women’s access to housing, the third area I researched, revealed that their preferred social model of congregation had consequences for their settlement. They defied government policies on housing and abandoned their given accommodation to move near relatives and community members. As a result they lost access to services such as education and support towards employment. My discussion of the women’s access to health services demonstrated that cross-cultural issues impacted on that access. Not having previously engaged with first-world style infrastructures, the women had difficulty understanding the UK’s public service system and how it operates. This was complicated by the policy demand of eligibility, which can create confusion and this affected their ability to take advantage of services. Throughout their years in the UK most of the women struggled in their use of services and in their everyday routines and relied heavily on mediation. Such dependency continued to subjugate them and situated them as vulnerable to subordination. In this thesis I argue that lack of education and communication skills create a situation of unequal access to public service utilisation, and this functions to exclude certain minority women in our society.
Nebulized aminoglycosides for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Methodological considerations and lessons from experimental studies
No full textInternational audienceAminoglycosides are concentration-dependent antibiotics exerting a bactericidal effect when concentrations at the site of infection are equal to or greater than 5 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). When administered intravenously, they exhibit poor lung penetration and high systemic renal and ototoxicity, imposing to restrict their administration to 5 days. Experimental studies conducted in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep and pigs provide evidence that high doses of nebulized aminoglycosides induce a rapid and potent bacterial killing in the infected lung parenchyma. They also confirm that the alveolar-capillary membrane, either normal or injured by the infectious process, restricts the penetration of intravenous aminoglycosides in the infected lung parenchyma, precluding a bactericidal effect at the site of infection. However, injury of the alveolar-capillary membrane promotes the systemic diffusion of nebulized aminoglycosides. Based on experimental data obtained in animals with inoculation pneumonia, it challenges the classical belief that nebulization protects against systemic toxicity. Loss of lung aeration decreases the lung penetration of nebulized aminoglycosides. Nevertheless, lung tissue concentrations measured in non-aerated lung regions with severe and extended pneumonia are most often greater than 5 times the MICs, resulting in a bactericidal effect followed by a progressive pulmonary reaeration. It is likely that the penetration into the consolidated lung, results from the bronchial diffusion of nebulized aminoglycosides toward adjacent non-aerated infected alveolar spaces and their penetration into mechanical ventilation-induced intraparenchymal pseudocysts and distended bronchioles. In animals receiving nebulized aminoglycosides, epithelial lining fluid concentrations grossly overestimate lung interstitial fluid concentrations because of the bronchial contamination of the distal tip of the bronchoscope during the bronchoalveolar procedures. Lung microdialysis is the only technique able to accurately assess lung pharmacokinetics in animals with inoculation pneumonia treated by nebulized aminoglycosides. In 2024, the European Investigators Network for Nebulized Antibiotics in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (ENAVAP) called for the creation of an international research network for Lung Microdialysis applied to Nebulized Antibiotics (LUMINA) to promote multicentered, experimental, randomized, and controlled studies addressing lung pharmacokinetics of intravenous vs. nebulized antibiotics, using different dosing and ventilator settings
COLLABORATIVE WEB-BASED TAGGER FOR NAMED ENTITIES IN THE TASK OF INFORMATION EXTRACTION (ETIQUETADOR COLABORATIVO BASADO EN WEB PARA ENTIDADES NOMBRADAS EN LA TAREA DE EXTRACCIÓN DE LA INFORMACIÓN)
No full textAbstracNowadays, there exists a huge amount of information on the World Wide Web and since every day is mainly generated a lot of text data, the problem of information overload arise. In this way, the task of extracting meaningful information from text has gained the significant attention of researchers. In this paper, we propose a collaborative tagging system to help users in the task of highlighting important information in plain text files. Additionally, it allows converting tagged texts into a structured format. The web-based system is proposed in order to exploit the relevant content information provided by tagger users, since actual collaborative tagging systems suffer from issues such as tag scarcity or ambiguous labeling. Approaches such as the proposed here can facilitate to obtain better quality in tags and in any domain, allowing to achieve significant improvements in information extraction through named entities extraction, avoiding the noise of information overload.ResumenHoy en día existe una gran cantidad de información en Internet y ya que cada día se genera mucha información principalmente en forma de texto, el problema de sobrecarga de información se hace presente. En este sentido, la tarea de extraer información significativa de los textos ha ganado la atención de investigadores. En este artículo, proponemos un sistema de etiquetamiento colaborativo para ayudar a los usuarios en la tarea de resaltar información importante en archivos de texto plano. Adicionalmente, el sistema permite convertir textos etiquetados a un formato estructurado. El sistema basado en web es propuesto con el fin de explotar el contenido relevante de la información proporcionada por los usuarios etiquetadores, ya que los sistemas de etiquetamiento colaborativos actuales sufren de algunos problemas tales como la escasez de etiquetas o el etiquetado ambiguo. Enfoques como el propuesto aquí pueden facilitar la obtención de etiquetas con mejor calidad y en cualquier dominio, permitiendo lograr mejoras significativas en la extracción de información a través de la extracción de entidades nombradas, evitando el ruido en la sobrecarga de información
Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease
No full textBACKGROUND: Although inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease, the residual risk is high. Whether nuclear 1 factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 activators further reduce this risk is unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2185 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 15 to <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area) to bardoxolone methyl, at a daily dose of 20 mg, or placebo. The primary composite outcome was end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS: The sponsor and the steering committee terminated the trial on the recommendation of the independent data and safety monitoring committee; the median follow-up was 9 months. A total of 69 of 1088 patients (6%) randomly assigned to bardoxolone methyl and 69 of 1097 (6%) randomly assigned to placebo had a primary composite outcome (hazard ratio in the bardoxolone methyl group vs. the placebo group, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.37; P=0.92). In the bardoxolone methyl group, ESRD developed in 43 patients, and 27 patients died from cardiovascular causes; in the placebo group, ESRD developed in 51 patients, and 19 patients died from cardiovascular causes. A total of 96 patients in the bardoxolone methyl group were hospitalized for heart failure or died from heart failure, as compared with 55 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.55; P<0.001). Estimated GFR, blood pressure, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased significantly and body weight decreased significantly in the bardoxolone methyl group, as compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease, bardoxolone methyl did not reduce the risk of ESRD or death from cardiovascular causes. A higher rate of cardiovascular events with bardoxolone methyl than with placebo prompted termination of the trial. Copyright © 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society
The effect of HIV and an Antiretroviral treatment programme on Tuberculosis transmission, incidence and prevalence in a South African Township
No full textThis doctoral work aimed to describe the epidemiology of TB in a high HIV and TB prevalent community from 1997 to 2008, and to assess the effect of HIV and a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) programme on the TB epidemic in this setting
