1,721,069 research outputs found
Social determinants of leisure time physical activity, body mass index, and acute myocardial infarction
No full textThere are substantial socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in most western countries. Socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular risk factors (obesity/overweight, tobacco smoking, leisure time physical activity, dietary habits) are correspondingly large. The main aim of this study is to investigate the influence of psychosocial work conditions and social capital on cardiovascular risk factors at different levels: health locus of control, leisure time physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study of a randomly selected sample of people born 1919-1981 from the population registers, conducted in November 1999 to February 2000. A total of 13,715 persons, 59% of the random sample, responded, In papers I and II, 5,180 persons aged 18?64 years that belonged to the work force or were unemployed were included. In paper III, 1,967 females, aged 18-34, were investigated. Paper IV is a prospective cohort study using the 2000 survey as baseline, linked to AMI morbidity/mortality data for January 2000-December 2002. Logistic regression models were used in papers I, II and III, to investigate associations between psychosocial factors at work and unemployment, and lack of belief in the possibility to influence one's own health (paper I), and low leisure time physical activity (paper II), and to investigate the association between the socio-economic, psychosocial, health behaviour, self reported global and psychological health and locus of control, and BMI in paper III. In paper IV, hazard rate ratios for first time AMI (fatal and non-fatal) were analysed ccording to social participation, trust and their combinations. In paper I significantly higher odds ratios of lack of internal locus of control were observed in the passive, jobstrain and unemployed categories, compared to the relaxed reference category. These patterns remained in the multivariate models, with the exception of the passive and unemployed categories among men in which the significant differences disappeared. The control dimension seems to be of greatest importance. In paper II significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity among both men and women were observed in the jobstrain and unemployed categories compared to the relaxed reference category. However, these significant differences disappeared after adjustment for education. In paper III adjustments were only made for age in the analyses, but the results show important socioeconomic, psychosocial and lifestyle differences between underweight compared to overweight/obese young women. Young women with underweight had significantly higher odds ratios of working overtime, being students, having low emotional support, having poor self reported global as well as poor psychological health, while women with overweight/obesity were unemployed, daily smokers, had low education, low social participation, low emotional and instrumental support, sedentary lifestyle, poor self reported global health and external locus of control compared to normal weight women. In paper IV, particularly low social participation and the social participation/trust categories traditionalism (low social participation/high trust) and low social capital (low social participation/low trust) were significantly associated with an increased risk of AMI. After adjustments for age, sex, education, economic stress, physical activity, daily smoking, BMI and self reported health only the significantly increased risk of first ever AMI remains in the low social participation/high trust category
Social determinants of leisure time physical activity, body mass index, and acute myocardial infarction
No full textThere are substantial socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in most western countries. Socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular risk factors (obesity/overweight, tobacco smoking, leisure time physical activity, dietary habits) are correspondingly large. The main aim of this study is to investigate the influence of psychosocial work conditions and social capital on cardiovascular risk factors at different levels: health locus of control, leisure time physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The 2000 public health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study of a randomly selected sample of people born 1919-1981 from the population registers, conducted in November 1999 to February 2000. A total of 13,715 persons, 59% of the random sample, responded, In papers I and II, 5,180 persons aged 18?64 years that belonged to the work force or were unemployed were included. In paper III, 1,967 females, aged 18-34, were investigated. Paper IV is a prospective cohort study using the 2000 survey as baseline, linked to AMI morbidity/mortality data for January 2000-December 2002. Logistic regression models were used in papers I, II and III, to investigate associations between psychosocial factors at work and unemployment, and lack of belief in the possibility to influence one's own health (paper I), and low leisure time physical activity (paper II), and to investigate the association between the socio-economic, psychosocial, health behaviour, self reported global and psychological health and locus of control, and BMI in paper III. In paper IV, hazard rate ratios for first time AMI (fatal and non-fatal) were analysed ccording to social participation, trust and their combinations. In paper I significantly higher odds ratios of lack of internal locus of control were observed in the passive, jobstrain and unemployed categories, compared to the relaxed reference category. These patterns remained in the multivariate models, with the exception ofthe passive and unemployed categories among men in which the significant differences disappeared. The control dimension seems to be of greatest importance. In paper II significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity among both men and women were observed in the jobstrain and unemployed categories compared to the relaxed reference category. However, these significant differences disappeared after adjustment for education. In paper III adjustments were only made for age in the analyses, but the results show important socioeconomic, psychosocial and lifestyle differences between underweight compared to overweight/obese young women. Young women with underweight had significantly higher odds ratios of working overtime, being students, having low emotional support, having poor self reported global as well as poor psychological health, while women with overweight/obesity were unemployed, daily smokers, had low education, low social participation, low emotional and instrumental support, sedentary lifestyle, poor self reported global health and external locus of control compared to normal weight women. In paper IV, particularly low social participation and the social participation/trust categories traditionalism (low social participation/high trust) and low social capital (low social participation/low trust) were significantly associated with an increased risk of AMI. After adjustments for age, sex, education, economic stress, physical activity, daily smoking, BMI and self reported health only the significantly increased risk of first ever AMI remains in the low social participation/high trust category
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Management of Parthenium Hysterophorus using suppressive plants
No full textParthenium hysterophorusan invasive, noxious weed creates problem in field crops, pastures, waste lands and affects the fodder crops in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, province of Pakistan. P. hysterophorus secretes allelochemicals to suppress the growth of neighboring plants. However, some crops have the ability to suppress the growth of numerous weeds. For this purpose field experiments were conducted at two different locations having variable climatic conditions to manage P. hysterophorus through some suppressive plants. The study revealed that sorghum, buffel grass, millet and maize showed good suppressive ability of P. hysterophorus weed biomass as compared to control which produced higher biomass at both field sites. However, at lower altitude site i.e Swabi, the highest P. hysterophorus dry biomass (340.45 g m-2) was recorded in moth bean plots, while at high altitude site (Haripur), the maximum P. hysterophorus dry biomass (384.80 g m-2) was found in mung bean plots. Moreover, at both sites, the sorghum, buffel grass, millet and maize plants reduced the P. hysterophorus growth up to 84.0%, 79.0%, 70.2% and 67.5%, respectively. Whereas mung bean and moth bean were found poor suppressive plants to reduce the growth of P. hysterophorus. Furthermore, the competitive ability of P. hysterophorus with other plants were climatic condition dependent as this weed poorly compete with the tested plants in the warmer climatic condition at Swabi site than the cooler area at Haripur site. Thus, it is to concluded that sorghum and buffel grass are better option to manage P. hysterophorus in the fields infested with invasive P. hysterophorus
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