3,739 research outputs found
Patočka y Diotima. Notas para un diálogo sobre lo bello
No full textNegative Platonism is perhaps one of Jan Patočka's texts that has received the most attention in the academic world. Its importance is rarely doubted. However, today we are far from exhausting the implications of the Czech philosopher's interpretation of Plato. In particular, the conception of the Platonic Idea that derives from Patočka's reading does not seem to have been sufficiently confronted with what Plato himself said in his dialogues. According to the author, there seems to be a particular affinity between what Diotima says in her speech in the Symposium and Patočka's interpretation of Plato, which, until now, does not seem to have received enough attention in the academic literature on these two authors. In a similar way to what Patočka proposes with the experience of freedom as a door that opens to the consideration of the Idea, Diotima anchors the recognition of beauty in itself with the experience of beauty in the world. This "anchoring" would be given by the ascending path proposed in the scala amoris, in which eros, assumes an “integrative function” within the lover. Precisely, this integrative function carried out by eros seems to give reason to the link that Diotima establishes between that which is beauty in itself and the true virtue that the lover engenders by experiencing it.Platonismo negativo es quizás uno de los textos de Jan Patočka que más atención ha recibido en el ámbito académico. Su importancia es pocas veces puesta en duda. Con todo, hoy nos encontramos lejos de agotar las implicaciones que conlleva la interpretación que hace de Platón el filósofo checo. Particularmente, la concepción de la Idea platónica que se deriva de la lectura patočkiana, no parece haber sido suficientemente confrontada con lo dicho por el mismo Platón en sus diálogos. Según el autor, parece existir una afinidad particular entre lo dicho por Diotima en su discurso en el Banquete y la interpretación patočkiana de Platón que, hasta el momento, no parece haber recibido suficiente atención en la literatura académica sobre estos dos autores. De manera similar a lo que plantea Patočka con la experiencia de la libertad como puerta que abre a la consideración de la Idea, Diotima ancla el reconocimiento de lo bello en sí con la experiencia de lo bello en el mundo. Este “anclaje” se daría gracias al camino en ascenso planteado en la scala amoris, en el que eros, siendo amor de lo bello, asume una función integradora en el interior del amante. Justamente, esta función integradora llevada a cabo por eros parece dar razón del vínculo que establece Diotima entre aquello que es bello en sí mismo y la virtud verdadera que el amante engendra al experimentarlo
Third World Revolutions Left to Smoulder
No full textThe Declarations of Havana by Fidel Castro. Introduction by Tariq Ali. London, New York: Verso, 2008. Pp. 120+notes. £7.99 (pbk). ISBN 978-1-84467-156-4.
On Practice and Contradiction by Mao Tse-Tung. Introduction by Slavoj Žižek. London, New York: Verso, 2007. Pp. 186+notes. £8.99 (pbk). ISBN 978-1-844467-587-6.
Down with Colonialism! by Ho Chi Minh. Introduction by Walden Bello. London, New York: Verso, 2007. Pp. 216+notes. £7.19 (pbk). ISBN 978-1-84467-177-9
Combating Poverty Through Self Reliance: The Islamic Approach
No full textPoverty comes at the head of man’s present plight hence, the need to combat it. Self-reliance as a mean of eradicating poverty has become a concept central to Nigeria’s policy in recent years. The major problem of the policy however, is that its approach lacks ethics, juridical elements, divine regulations, and ability to shape and direct the attitude and behaviour of the people toward it, which make it difficult for them to embrace it with deserved seriousness. Many Nigerians do not recognise their religious and moral obligation to become self-reliant and economically independent. The objective of this paper is to examine the Islamic approach to self-reliance as a means of combating poverty. The paper is a literature survey and data is presented based on direct deductions from the Qur’an and Sunnah (the sayings, deeds and approvals of the Prophet) and on the writings of prominent scholars. The paper confirms that self-reliance, as a means of combating poverty is embedded in the Islamic economic system. It also posits that dependence of any able effortless person on somebody else for a livelihood is a religious sin, social stigma and disgraceful humility. The paper further identifies work and strives as the first weapon for alleviating poverty. The paper finally recommends that the Islamic approach to self-reliance as a means of eradicating poverty be implemented as an alternative to the secular approach as that will go a long way in eradicating poverty in Nigeria.Islam; Qur'an; Sunnah; Ijmah; Zakah; Sadaqah
Gq Protein-Coupled Membrane-Initiated Estrogen Signaling Rapidly Excites Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Female Mice
No full textCRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a central role in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and are directly influenced by 17β-estradiol (E2). Although compelling evidence has suggested the existence of membrane-associated estrogen receptors (mERs) in hypothalamic and other central nervous system neurons, it remains unknown whether E2 impacts CRH neuronal excitability through this mechanism. The purpose of the current study is to examine the existence and function of mER signaling in PVN CRH neurons. Whole-cell recordings were made from CRH neurons identified by Alexa Fluor 594 labeling and post hoc immunostaining in ovariectomized female mice. E2 (100nM) rapidly suppressed the M-current (a voltage-dependent K(+) current) and potentiated glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents. The putative Gq-coupled mER (Gq-mER) characterized in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons initiates a phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A pathway; therefore, we examined the involvement of this pathway using selective inhibitors. Indeed, the ER antagonist ICI 182780 and inhibitors of Gq-phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A blocked E2's actions, suggesting dependence on the Gq-mER. Furthermore, STX, a selective ligand for the Gq-mER, mimicked E2's actions. Finally, to examine the in vivo effect of Gq-mER activation, E2 or STX injection increased c-fos expression in CRH neurons in the PVN, suggesting CRH neuronal activation. This corresponded to an increase in plasma corticosterone. We conclude that the Gq-mER plays a critical role in the rapid regulation of CRH neuronal activity and the HPA axis. Our findings provide a potential underlying mechanism for E2's involvement in the pathophysiology of HPA-associated mood disorders.Peer reviewe
Intermittent Fasting Promotes Fat Loss with Lean Mass Retention, Increased Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Content, and Increased Neuropeptide Y Gene Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice
No full textClinical studies indicate alternate day, intermittent fasting (IMF) protocols result in meaningful weight loss in obese individuals. To further understand the mechanisms sustaining weight loss by IMF, we investigated the metabolic and neural alterations of IMF in obese mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat) ad libitum for 8 weeks to promote an obese phenotype. Mice were divided into 4 groups and either maintained on ad libitum HFD (HFD), received alternate day access to HFD (IMF- HFD), switched to ad libitum low fat diet (LFD; 10% fat), or received IMF of LFD (IMF- LFD). After 4 weeks, IMF-HFD (~13%) and IMF-LFD (~18%) had significantly lower body weights than HFD. Body fat was also lower (~40-52%) in all diet interventions. Lean mass was increased in the IMF-LFD (~12-13%) compared with HFD and IMF-HFD groups. Oral glucose tolerance AUC was lower in the IMF-HFD (~50%), whereas insulin tolerance AUC was reduced in all diet interventions (~22-42%). HPLC measurements of hypothalamic tissue homogenates indicated higher (~55-60%) norepinephrine (NE) content in the anterior regions of the medial hypothalamus of IMF compared with ad libitum fed groups, whereas NE content was higher (~19-32%) in posterior regions in the IMF-LFD group only. Relative gene expression of Npy in the arcuate nucleus was increased (~65-75%) in IMF groups. Our novel findings indicate that intermittent fasting produces alterations in hypothalamic NE and NPY, suggesting an involvement in the counter regulatory processes of short-term weight loss are associated with an IMF dietary strategy.Peer reviewe
LÍNEAS MAESTRAS DE LA GRAMÁTICA CASTELLANA DE ANDRÉS BELLO
No full textResumen:El trabajo es continuación y actualización de otros trabajos del autor sobre la célebre Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos de Andrés Bello. Seguimos en parte la labor emprendida por Rufino José Cuervo al abordar las líneas maestras de esta gramática tan importante durante siglo y medio en los países de habla castellana.Se investigan sus principios fundamentales y no tanto los usos del castellano Se discute su dependencia e independencia de la Gramática General de Port-Royal. En las partes de la oración el trabajo se fija especialmente en la jerarquía de las partes de la oración (Jespersen). Se destaca la semejanza de la definición de verbo con el estoicismo (Crisipo). Se insiste en la novedad para su tiempo de la definición de preposición. También se nota la deficiencia en el estudio de los nexos hipotácticos. Es pues un estudio en parte teórico, en parte histórico, que quiere ser crítico y sistemático.Palabras Claves: Gramática, Andrés Bello, preposición, estoicismo, Gramática General de Port-Royal.Abstract:The work is continuation and the updating of other works of the author on the brain Gramática of the Castilian language destined to the use of the Americans of Andrés Bello. We continue in the part of the workmanship by Rufino José Cuervo when approaching the main lines of this grammar so important during the century and a half in the countries of Castilian speaking. Its fundamental principles are investigated and not so much the uses of the castle it is discussed its Dependence and independence of the General Grammar of Port-Royal. . In the parts of the sentence the work is especially focused on the hierarchy of parts of the sentence (Jespersen). The similarity of the definition of verb with stoicism (Chrysippus) stands out. It insists on the novelty for the time of the definition of preposition. There is also a deficiency in the study of hypothetical nexus. It is therefore a partly theoretical, partly historical, study that wants to be critical and systematic.Key Words: Grammar, Andrés Bello, preposition, stoicism, General Grammar of Port-Royal
A solid state route for the synthesis of metal nanoclusters composite glasses
No full textA field-assisted solid state ion exchange (FASSIE) approach is used to dope silicate glasses with mono- and/or multivalent ions, in which the diffusion of ions coming from a film deposited onto the glass surface is driven by an external electric field. Metal precipitation to form nanoparticles may take place during the ion exchange, depending on the process parameters, or it can be induced by irradiation with high power laser beams. Characterization of silicate glass samples doped with either gold or silver is performed by optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy
Xuan Bello, translator and author : his role in the development of the Asturian literature of "Surdimientu"
No full textXuan Bello is one of the best-known Asturian authors in the Iberian Peninsula. His work as a poet developed in parallel with his work as a translator, especially of Portuguese and Galician, two languages that have influenced his own literary production in Asturian. His dual role as author and translator is inseparable from its cultural context, characterized above all by Surdimientu, the movement to recover the Asturian language and culture launched in 1974. Indeed, Asturian literature can be seen as an emerging literature, supported by a group of agents who take on various functions inside the literary system. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between Bello's poetry and prose with: 1) The role played by the author within the framework of Surdimientu, 2) The role played by his translations, and 3) The impact of the translations of his works in prose on the Catalan literary system.Xuan Bello és un dels autors asturians més coneguts a la península Ibèrica. La seva formació com a poeta es desenvolupa en paral·lel a la seva tasca de traductor, sobretot del portuguès i del gallec, llengües que l'influeixen en la seva obra (en asturià). La seva doble faceta com a autor i traductor és indissociable del context cultural en què es desenvolupa, marcat pel Surdimientu, el moviment de recuperació de la llengua i cultura asturianes iniciat el 1974. En aquest context, la literatura asturiana pot ser vista com una literatura emergent, que disposa d'una sèrie d'agents que assumeixen diverses funcions en el sistema literari. L'objectiu d'aquest article és analitzar la relació de l'obra (poesia i prosa) de Bello amb: 1) El paper que l'autor desenvolupa en el marc del Surdimientu; 2) El paper que hi assumeixen les seves traduccions, 3) L'impacte de les traduccions de la seva obra en prosa en el sistema literari català
Metalanguage and choice of rhretoric in Bello (1853[1847]) and Said Ali (1919[1908]): faces of grammatical studies in South America
No full textA presente dissertação teve o objetivo principal de investigar o diálogo que Andrés Bello (1781 1865) e Manuel Said Ali (1861 1953) estabeleceram com tradições de estudos da linguagem nas obras Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos (1853[1847]) e Difficuldades da Língua Portugueza (1919[1908]), respectivamente. Em vista disso, esta pesquisa analisou tanto a escolha de retórica assumida por eles (isto é, o posicionamento desses estudiosos perante certos autores ou linhas de estudos anteriores), quanto a metalinguagem utilizada na sistematização de quatro questões da língua, a saber: (i) a relação entre pronomes e artigos e (ii) os tempos e modos verbais do castelhano, em Bello (1853[1847]); e (iii) a colocação pronominal e (iv) os infinitivos pessoais do português, em Said Ali (1919[1908]). Para a análise da metalinguagem, atentamos para os seguintes parâmetros: significante, significado, exemplos (dados de língua) e taxonomia. Os resultados evidenciam o talento dos dois estudiosos em suas reflexões sobre o português e do castelhano; as inovações e adaptações metalinguísticas que registraram nos dois materiais principais de análise; e os diálogos de continuidade e ruptura que estabeleceram com determinados textos e autores. As inovações percebidas no âmbito metalinguístico das obras nem sempre corresponderam ao que verificamos no âmbito retórico. Contudo, as dimensões metalinguística e retórica revelaram a preocupação que ambos os estudiosos tinham com a consideração de domínios ainda pouco explorados no momento de elaboração de seus textos: o domínio transfrasal, em Bello, e os domínios fonético e psicológico, no caso de Said AliThis paper aims to investigate the dialogue that Andrés Bello (1781 - 1865) and Manuel Said Ali (1861 - 1953) established with traditions of language studies in the works Gramática de la lengua castellana destinada al uso de los americanos (1853 [1847]) and Difficuldades da Língua Portugueza (1919 [1908]), respectively. Considering this, the present research analyzed both the choice of rhetoric which they assumed (which is the positioning of these scholars towards certain authors or previous lines of studies) and the metalanguage used in the systematization of four issues of language, namely: (i) the relationship between pronouns and articles and (ii) verbal modes and tenses in Castilian, in Bello (1853 [1847]) , and (iii) pronoun placement and (iv) personal infinitives in Portuguese, in Said Ali (1919 [1908]). For the analysis of metalinguistic terms, we observed the following parameters: signifier, signified, examples, and taxonomy. The results clearly show the talent of these two scholars in their reflections on Portuguese and Castilian; metalinguistic innovations and adaptations that they recorded in the two main materials of analysis; and continuity and discontinuity dialogues established with certain texts and authors. Innovations perceived in the metalinguistic scope of these works do not always correspond to what we found in the rhetorical scope. However, the metalinguistic and rhetorical dimensions unveiled the worry both scholars had with the consideration of domains still not widely explored during the making of their works: the transphrasal context, in the case of Bello, and the phonetic and psychological dimensions, in the case of Said Al
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