4 research outputs found
Predict the relationship between autism and the use of smart devices by children in the coming years using neural networks
No full textOptimal Robotic Path Planning Using Intelligents Search Algorithms
No full textThis investigation investigates the application of Adjusted Fuzzy Molecule Swarm Optimization (FPSO) to the versatile robot route issue in arrange to decide the briefest conceivable course with the least time required to travel from a beginning area to a goal area in a deterrent working zone. MPSO is being created in this ponder to progress the capability of customized calculations for a worldwide course. The proposed calculations decipher the environment outline spoken to by the framework show and develop an idea or nearly ideal collision-free way. Reenactment tests appear the viability of the most recent organized calculation for portable robot course arranging. The programs are composed in MATLAB R2019a and run on 2.65 GHz Intel Center i5 and 7 GB Smash computers. Changes proposed in MPSO and cuckoo look calculation fundamentally point to resolve the untimely merging issue related to the beginning PSO. A mistake calculate is demonstrated within the MPSO to guarantee the meeting of the PSO. FPSO points to handle another issue which is the populace may incorporate a few infeasible ways; an updated strategy is tired the FPSO to fathom the issue of the infeasible street. The discoveries illustrate that this calculation has huge potential to fathom the course arranging with satisfactory comes about in terms of decreasing remove and time for execution
The Interaction Between Giardiasis and Host Mucosal Immune System: A Review
No full textGiardia spp. is an intestinal protozoal parasite that infect humans and many different other mammalian hosts. The most significant clinical features of giardia infection are malabsorption and diarrhea. Giardia lamblia possesses the remarkable ability to continually alter its dominant surface antigen, known as the variant surface protein (VSP), allowing it to evade host immune detection. Infection with this protozoan trigger a strong adaptive immune response in both humans and animal models. It has long been established that significant amounts of parasite-specific IgA are produced following infection, with CD4+ T lymphocytes playing a pivotal role in stimulating IgA synthesis and contributing to the regulation of the infection. Although anti-VSP IgA antibodies in the gut have been demonstrated to influence the parasite’s antigenic switching, the extent to which local intestinal antibodies directly control Giardia colonization remains a subject of debate. The interface between the intestinal lumen and the epithelial lining serves as the primary attachment site for Giardia trophozoites, making it a critical zone for both the establishment of the parasite and the initiation of host immune defenses. This area thus represents a central battleground where host-pathogen interactions dictate the outcome of infection. This review will therefore focus on innate immune mechanisms and barrier integrity in giardiasis. The specific aims of this review are centered on elucidating the multifaceted interactions between Giardia and the host intestinal environment. First, the review seeks to characterize how Giardia disrupts epithelial junctional complexes and alters the cytoskeletal architecture, compromising intestinal barrier integrity. Second, it aims to examine the innate immune responses initiated by various cell types, including epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Paneth cells, in reaction to Giardia infection and its secreted molecules. Third, the review intends to analyze how these host–parasite interactions contribute to persistent barrier dysfunction and facilitate microbial translocation, which may exacerbate inflammatory outcomes. Finally, it explores potential therapeutic strategies that strengthen epithelial barrier function and modulate innate immune mechanisms to mitigate the pathological effects of giardiasis and promote mucosal homeostasis
Prevalence of Serum Vitamin D Levels in the Iraqi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets. It prevents children from reaching their maximum bone mass and genetic height. Abnormal mineralization of the collagen matrix in bone, known as osteomalacia, occurs in adults with vitamin D deficiency. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of serum vit. D levels in the Iraqi population. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from October 2024 to January 2025.Data was collected by directly interviewing the participants, the time needed for each interview was 10-15 minutes and screening for vit. D level by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (23[OH]D) concentration as a part of their routine laboratory tests. Results: The majority of individuals in this group are deficient in vitamin D3 (4.6%), with very few in the insufficient and sufficient categories (0.6% each). Primary education: A significant percentage of individuals in this group are deficient (13.4%), with 3.2% in the insufficient category and 1.2% in the sufficient category. Secondary education: This group has a relatively higher proportion of deficient individuals (23%), with 8.8% being insufficient and 4.6% being sufficient. College: The deficient category is most prevalent in this group (25%), with 6.8% insufficient and 4.4% sufficient. Higher education: This group has the lowest proportion of deficient individuals (2.4%), with 0.8% insufficient and 0.6% sufficient. Urban residents: A larger proportion of urban residents are deficient in vitamin D3 (41.4%), with fewer individuals categorized as insufficient (8%) or sufficient (4.4%). Rural residents: A smaller proportion of rural residents are deficient (27%), with a higher percentage categorized as insufficient (12.2%) and sufficient (7%). Individuals with chronic conditions (Yes): A significant proportion are deficient in vitamin D3 (20.6%), with smaller percentages classified as insufficient (3.8%) or sufficient (1.6%). Individuals without chronic conditions (No): A larger proportion are deficient (47.8%), with a higher percentage classified as insufficient (16.4%) and sufficient (9.8%). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D levels and educational attainment, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency affects people in all educational groups. A significant association was found between place of residence and vitamin D levels. Urban dwellers had a higher prevalence of deficiency than rural dwellers. The association between the presence of chronic diseases and vitamin D levels was statistically significant
