1,720,955 research outputs found
Spin-Off Appropriateness Assessment: Propriety Test of Sharia Business Unit Spin-Off to Increase Return on Assets
Full text linkThe obligation to transform a sharia business unit into a sharia commercial bank through a spin-off from its parent bank, a conventional commercial bank, must be balanced with a strategy to increase the return on assets (ROA) of Islamic Business Entities (BUS). A higher ROA ratio correlates with increased profitability. The regulatory provision mandating spin-offs, however, tends to weaken the BUS, making it difficult to compete in the national Islamic banking industry. This is because the spin-off obligation for the UUS can actually diminish its profitability performance. As Watchell has noted, while spin-offs can create differentiation from investment targets in each business, they can also lead subsidiary companies to become more focused in determining their corporate strategy and operations. This focus, however, often results in new operational strategies that increase the subsidiary's operational burden and potentially reduce profitability. Empirically, several sharia commercial banks in Indonesia have experienced a decline in the profitability of their sharia business units after spinning off into independent sharia commercial banks. This research employs normative or doctrinal juridical methods, utilizing both a statute approach and a conceptual approach. As an innovative contribution, the author proposes the Spin-Off Appropriateness Assessment as a model for evaluating the implementation of spin-offs in sharia business units. This assessment aims to increase the ROA ratio and create an investment climate that is environmentally sound. It comprises three main components: fixed capital, non-performing loan identification, and capital sources mapping
Ekstensifikasi Penentuan Outsider Pada Pengungkapan Kejahatan Insider Trading di Pasar Modal Berdasarkan Misappropriation Theory
Full text linkPenyelenggaraan pasar modal harus diiringi pula oleh progresifitas pengaturan hukum melalui penciptaan regulasi berupa UU Pasar Modal yang bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum preventif dari segala kejahatan yang potensial terjadi, salah satunya adalah perdagangan orang dalam (insider trading). Paradigma yang digunakan dalam pengaturan insider trading pada UU Pasar Modal menganut prinsip fiduciary duty. Artinya, secara konseptual, orang dalam perusahaan selaku pihak yang diberikan kepercayaan untuk menjalankan operasional perusahaan (trustee) berkewajiban untuk menjalanan kepercayaan tersebut dengan itikad baik, sehingga orang dalam tersebut tidak diperbolehkan untuk memanfaatkan kepemilikan informasi material untuk melakukan transaksi efek yang bertujuan untuk menguntungkan dirinya sendiri. Permasalahan muncul ketika prinsip fiduciary duty yang dianut oleh UU Pasar Modal tidak dapat mengungkapkan insider trading yang dilakukan oleh: (1) outsider atau tippee yang mendapatkan informasi orang dalam dari outsider atau tippee lainnya dan (2) outsider atau tippee yang mendapatkan informasi material dengan tanpa melawan hukum. Hal tersebut dikarenakan beban pembuktian pada prinsip fiduciary duty adalah keterkaitan antara pelaku dengan orang dalam pada emiten. UU Pasar Modal harus membuka ruang digunakannya misappropriation theory yang pendekatannya berorientasi pada sifat kepemilikan dari informasi material sebagaimana yang diterapkan oleh Singapura. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan perbandingan, dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip fiduciary duty sebagaimana termaktub dalam Pasal 95 UU Pasar Modal tidak dapat menjangkau perilaku secondary tippee dan tippee yang mendapatkan informasi tanpa melawan hukum. Oleh karena itu, Penulis berpendapat perlu dilakukannya ekstensifikasi penentuan outsider berdasarkan misappropriation theory
Penataan Ulang Mitigasi Space Debris Pada Mega-Konstelasi Satelit Low Earth Orbit ditinjau dari Hukum Antariksa Internasional
Full text linkPerlindungan ekosistem antariksa merupakan wacana penting, mengingat antariksa tidak terikat pada kedaulatan suatu negara (non-apropriasi), melainkan merupakan wilayah kemanusiaan yang digunakan secara eksklusif untuk tujuan damai. Seringkali, setiap negara atau operator yang melakukan pengorbitan menghasilkan puing antariksa yang dapat mencemari koridor orbit. Oleh karena itu, komunitas internasional kemudian menekankan keberadaan regulasi yang akan mengatur pedoman mitigasi puing antariksa. Sejumlah negara dan berbagai otoritas internasional telah mengeluarkan pedomannya, namun masih bersifat parsial, tidak mengikat secara hukum, dan belum seragam substansinya. Hal ini akan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam penanganan sampah antariksa di dunia internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif atau penelitian hukum doktrinal. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan legislatif, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya penataan kembali prosedur mitigasi sampah antariksa yang tidak hanya mengatur upaya mitigasi, tetapi juga mengatur tata kelola secara keseluruhan. Keberadaan prosedur tersebut juga harus dapat diterapkan secara universal, mengikat secara hukum, dan memiliki instrumen penegakan hukum yang kuat bagi negara atau operator yang melanggar.
Keyword: Hukum Antariksa Internasional, Mitigasi Sampah Antariksa, Orbit Bumi Rendah, Penataan Ulang
Format Ideal Standar Kelayakan Proyek Penerima Green Bond sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Investor dari Risiko Praktik Greenwashing di Pasar Modal
Full text linkPenerapan konsep ekonomi hijau (green economy) dalam pembangunan perekonomian nasional menjadi titik infleksi bagi negara-negara di seluruh dunia untuk mengakselerasikan demokrasi ekonomi. Demokrasi ekonomi tidak sekadar berbicara ekonomi kerakyatan, namun juga membahas ekonomi berkelanjutan. Ekonomi berkelanjutan berfokus pada skema pembiayaan yang ditujukan untuk proyek-proyek berwawasan lingkungan, yang kemudian disebut sebagai investasi hijau (green investment). Untuk menunjang hal tersebut, OJK melalui Roadmap Keuangan Berlkelanjutan membuka ruang untuk dilakukannya penerbitan obligasi hijau (green bond) yang dilandasi oleh POJK No. 60/POJK.04/2017 yang bertujuan untuk mendanai sebagian atau seluruh proyek berwawasan lingkungan. Permasalahan hukum muncul ketika POJK a quo tidak mengatur standar kelayakan proyek penerima green bond secara jelas sehingga membuka ruang terjadinya praktik greenwashing. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu adanya standar kelayakan proyek penerima green bond sebagai instrumen perlindungan hukum bagi investor, sekaligus untuk menjamin penyaluran dana tepat sasaran serta mendukung terciptanya iklim investasi yang berwawasan lingkungan dan berkelanjutan untuk mencegah terjadinya praktik greenwashing
Rekonseptualisasi Model Citizen Lawsuit dan Pengoptimalan Society 5.0 Sebagai Upaya Reformasi Penegakan Hukum Acara Perdata di Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: The presence of the citizen lawsuit model in civil procedural law enforcement is one example that the law is dynamic following the development of human direction and mindset. Citizen lawsuit is defined as a model lawsuit that was born and known in a country with a common law legal system where citizens on behalf of the public interest are given space to file a lawsuit against unlawful acts committed by state administrators. However, countries that adopt the civil law legal system also implement it, such as the Netherlands which is known as actio popularis and Indonesia. The problem is, the implementation of this lawsuit model has not been regulated at all by national law, causing the practice of citizen lawsuits that have not been uniform, but have a disparity pattern (not uniform). In this paper, the author reconceptualizes the citizen lawsuit model as an effort to create integrated and systematic civil procedural law enforcement. The reconceptualization of the citizen lawsuit model consists of 4 (four) stages, namely the petition system stage, the notification stage, the administrative stage, and the judicial stage.
Abstrak: Kehadiran model citizen lawsuit dalam penegakan hukum acara perdata merupakan salah satu contoh bahwasannya hukum bersifat dinamis mengikuti perkembangan arah serta pola pikir manusia. Citizen lawsuit didefinisikan sebagai suatu model gugatan yang lahir dan dikenal dalam negara dengan sistem hukum common law dimana warga negara atas nama kepentingan umum diberi ruang untuk mengajukan gugatan terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara negara. Namun, negara-negara yang menganut sistem hukum civil law pun turut melaksanakannya, seperti Belanda yang dikenal dengan istilah actio popularis dan Indonesia. Permasalahannya, pelaksanaan model gugatan ini belum diatur sama sekali oleh hukum nasional sehingga menimbulkan praktik citizen lawsuit yang belum bercorak uniformitas (seragam), melainkan bercorak disparitas (tidak seragam). Dalam tulisan ini, Penulis merekonseptualisasikan model citizen lawsuit sebagai upaya menciptakan penegakan hukum acara perdata yang terintegrasi dan sistematis. Rekonseptualisasi model citizen lawsuit terdiri atas 4 (empat) tahapan, yaitu tahap sistem petisi, tahap notifikasi, tahap administrasi, dan tahap yudisial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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