1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Linchamento : representações sociais, motivações para linchar, simpatia ideológica, atitude institucional e fatores preditores
Full text linkThe lynching phenomenon has been recurrent in Brazil, as well as in the international scenario, challenging the institutions officially responsible for the justice application, from the dissemination of extra-legal cases. This is a peculiar form of collective violence, in which a group of people gather to attack and even kill one or more of those accused of breaking a social norm. Despite the social coexistence implications related to the naturalization and legitimation of the lynching practice, investigations on this phenomenon are still incipient in the national and international context, in all knowledge areas, especially related to Psychology. Considering these limitations, this dissertation sought to broaden the lynching understanding, the motivations to lynch and the predictive factors to its favorability. To do this, two empirical studies were carried out. The first one aimed to identify the social representations of university students on lynching and the motivations to lynch. It is a field study, quantitative and qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, with a non-probabilistic sample with the intentional type. In this, 122 students of Psychology and Exact Sciences participated, who answered a list of sociodemographic data and two semi-structured questionnaires on lynching and its motivations. The analyzes, through the Descending Hierarchical Classifications, allowed us to identify that the constructs are represented by the groups researched from the societal and socio-emotional notions appropriations that make the lynching phenomenon intelligible, as well as evidence anchorages in sociodemographic variables (religion, age, course and period of the participants). The second study aimed to verify the predictive power of ideological sympathy and institutional attitude regarding favorability to the lynching. It is a quantitative search, with a descriptive, exploratory and correlational nature. It was attended by 850 Brazilians, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, two Scales of Attitudes toward Lynching - one with a moral dilemma and another without it, the Ideological Sympathy Scale and the Institutional Attitude Scale. The results indicated differences according to the sociodemographic variables in relation to the lynching favorability; as well as, evidenced that ideological sympathy contributed more than the institutional attitude to predict lynching favorability, resulting in a model that predicts a significant portion of the phenomenon. Broadly, the results of the two empirical studies showed that lynching contains a problem rooted in psycho-sociological dimensions. These are significant and innovative contributions to the lynching understanding, in addition to legitimizing the place of Social Psychology in this process.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqO fenômeno do linchamento tem sido recorrente no Brasil, assim como no cenário internacional, desafiando as instituições oficialmente responsáveis pela aplicação da justiça, a partir da disseminação de expedientes extra-legais. Trata-se de uma peculiar forma de violência coletiva, em que um grupo de pessoas se reúne com o intuito de agredir e até levar a morte um ou mais acusados de romper alguma norma social. Apesar das implicações para a convivência social relativa à naturalização e legitimação da prática de linchamentos, as investigações acerca desse fenômeno ainda são incipientes no contexto nacional e internacional, em todas as áreas do conhecimento, especialmente relacionada à Psicologia. Considerando tais limitações, a presente dissertação buscou ampliar a compreensão acerca do linchamento, das motivações para linchar e dos fatores preditores de sua favorabilidade. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos. O primeiro objetivou identificar as representações sociais de estudantes universitários sobre o linchamento e as motivações para linchar. Consiste em um estudo de campo, quantitativo e qualitativo, de natureza descritiva e exploratória, com amostra não probabilística do tipo intencional. Neste, participaram 122 estudantes de Psicologia e Ciências Exatas, que responderam a uma lista de dados sociodemográficos e a dois questionários semiestruturados sobre o linchamento e suas motivações. As análises, por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, permitiram identificar que esses constructos são representados pelos grupos pesquisados a partir de apropriações de noções de cunho societal e socioemocionais, que tornam inteligível o fenômeno do linchamento, bem como evidenciaram ancoragens nas variáveis sociodemográficas religião, idade, curso e período dos participantes. Já o segundo estudo, teve por objetivo verificar o poder preditivo da simpatia ideológica e da atitude institucional em relação a favorabilidade ao linchamento. Refere-se a um estudo quantitativo, de natureza descritiva, exploratória e correlacional. Este, contou com a participação de 850 brasileiros, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, duas Escalas de Atitudes frente ao Linchamento – uma com dilema moral e outra sem dilema, a Escala de Simpatia Ideológica e a Escala de Atitude Institucional. Os resultados indicaram diferenças em função das variáveis sociodemográficas em relação à favorabilidade ao linchamento; bem como, evidenciaram que a simpatia ideológica contribuiu mais que a atitude institucional para predizer a favorabilidade ao linchamento, resultando em um modelo que prediz uma parcela significativa do fenômeno. Em linhas gerais, os resultados dos dois estudos empíricos realizados evidenciaram que o linchamento encerra uma problemática enraizada em dimensões de ordem psicossociológicas. Trata-se de contribuições significativas e inovadoras para a compreensão do linchamento, além de legitimar o lugar da Psicologia Social nesse processo
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mecanismos psicossociais da favorabilidade ao linchamento: julgamento moral, empatia e motivações para linchar
Full text linkLynching, a form of collective violence targeting individuals or groups accused of violating social norms, is a pressing issue in Brazil, with at least one occurrence reported daily. This alarming situation presents a significant challenge to public security entities, infringes upon human rights, and undermines peaceful societal existence. However, there is a notable lack of attention to the factors influencing societal favorability towards lynching. The current thesis aims to illuminate this issue by devising and testing an explanatory model of the psychosocial mechanisms underpinning favorability towards lynching. This model incorporates variables such as moral judgment, empathy, social and emotional motivations for lynching, and the type of crime committed, whether heinous or against property. The thesis is segmented into three empirical articles detailing the results of five conducted studies. The first article outlines two studies focused on the development and validation of the Attitudes towards Lynching Scale (EAL). The first study, involving 428 participants, demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, suggesting a bifactorial structure of the EAL (crimes against property and heinous crimes). This structure was further corroborated in the second study with 481 participants. The second article presents two additional studies dedicated to the development and validation of the Motivations for Lynching Scale (EML). Study 1, with 454 participants, validates the bifactorial structure of the EML (social and emotional motivations for lynching) via psychometric adequacy, while study 2, with 455 participants, indicates that the two factors are likely replicable in subsequent studies. The third article outlines the results of testing an explanatory model of the psychosocial mechanisms of favorability towards lynching. The sample comprised 536 Brazilian individuals, ranging in age from 18 to 71 years (M = 34.4; SD = 11.82). Structural equation modeling outcomes revealed that the degree of moral judgment significantly influenced favorability toward lynching in the context of heinous crimes, mediated by both social (b = .469, SE = .099, p = .001) and emotional motivations (b = .169, SE = .071, p = .017) for lynching. In contrast, the moral judgment's influence on favorability toward lynching in response to property-related offenses was mediated by social motivations (b = .876, SE = .092, p = .001), but not emotional motivations (b = .028, SE = .058, p = .625). Empathy did not moderate the influence of moral judgment in any of the lists of motivations according to the types of crime.These results may support interventions that consider the multifactorial nature of favorability to lynching, with the promotion of post-conventional justice thinking as a strategy for its reduction.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqO linchamento, compreendido como um tipo de violência coletiva dirigida a um grupo ou indivíduo acusado de romper alguma norma social, tem sido recorrente no Brasil, sendo registrado, ao menos, um caso por dia. Trata-se de um cenário alarmante que desafia os órgãos de segurança pública, viola os Direitos Humanos e ameaça a convivência social. No entanto, pouca atenção tem sido dada aos aspectos que explicam a favorabilidade da população ao linchamento. Para elucidar esta questão, a presente tese teve como objetivo primordial construir e testar um modelo explicativo dos mecanismos psicossociais da favorabilidade ao linchamento. Neste modelo, foram consideradas as variáveis relativas ao nível de julgamento moral, a empatia, as motivações sociais e emocionais para linchar e a favorabilidade ao linchamento em função dos tipos de crimes, hediondos ou contra a propriedade. Para tanto, a tese foi estruturada em três artigos empíricos, que apresentaram os resultados de cinco estudos realizados. No primeiro artigo, são apresentados dois estudos relacionados ao processo de desenvolvimento e a validação da Escala de Atitudes frente ao Linchamento (EAL). Os resultados do estudo 1 (N= 428), evidenciaram índices psicométricos adequados, que sugerem a estrutura bifatorial da EAL (crimes contra a propriedade e crimes hediondos), que teve sua replicabilidade confirmada no estudo 2 (N=481). Já no segundo artigo, são descritos dois estudos referentes a elaboração e validação da Escala de Motivações para Linchar (EML). Os resultados do estudo 1 (N= 454) deste artigo atestam adequação psicométrica da estrutura bifatorial da EML (motivações sociais e motivações emocionais para linchar) e o estudo 2 (N= 455) evidenciou que os dois fatores são prováveis de replicabilidade em estudos futuros. O terceiro artigo, esboça os resultados da testagem de um modelo explicativo dos mecanismos psicossociais da favorabilidade ao linchamento. Participaram deste estudo 536 brasileiros, com idades entre 18 e 71 anos (M = 34,4; DP = 11,82). Os resultados das equações por modelagens estruturais evidenciaram que: a influência do nível de julgamento moral na favorabilidade ao linchamento em face de crimes hediondos foi mediada pelas motivações sociais (b = 0,469, EP = 0,099, p = 0,001) e motivações emocionais para linchar (b = 0,169, EP = 0,071, p = 0,017); a influência do nível de julgamento moral na favorabilidade ao linchamento em face de crimes contra propriedade foi mediada por motivações sociais (b = 0,876, EP = 0,092, p = 0,001), mas não pelas motivações emocionais para linchar (b = 0,028, EP = 0,058, p = 0,625); a empatia não moderou a influência do julgamento moral em nenhuma das relação das motivações em função dos tipos de crime. Tais resultados poderão subsidiar intervenções que considerem a multifatorialidade da favorabilidade ao linchamento, tendo a promoção do pensamento pós-convencional de justiça como uma estratégia para sua redução
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
