23 research outputs found
Experimental Morphology of the Salivary Glands Mechanisms of the Appearance of Hyposalivation
No full textA decrease in the functional activity of the salivary glands causes a violation of the functions of the oral fluid, the active components of which provide oral homeostasis, the integrity of the mucous membrane, periodontal and hard tissues of the teeth. Review of experimental models of hyposalivation in laboratory animal
A window to Europe: synthesis of "the western" and "the eastern" in the architecture of Alexandria in the first half of the 20th century
No full textThe article deals with the architectural environment of Alexandria that existed during the period of European presence in Egypt. The historical prerequisites that led to the cultural dialog between the West and the East in the architectural space of the city are outlined. The main elements of the planning structure and the built environments of the main streets and squares are analyzed. The prevailing styles are identified on the example of some significant works (mansions, tenement houses, public buildings, mosques). Support is provided for the claim that Alexandria was included in the general cultural context of the Mediterranean and maintained close ties with the Arabic artistic traditions. Alexandria’s architecture of the first half of the 20th century is positioned as a significant layer of the country's cultural heritage
A Trade Street of a Small Town as a Public Space(by the Example of Nizhny Novgorod Region)
No full textLocated round Nizhny Novgorod one of thelarge commercial and industrial centres of the Povolzhie (the Volga region), these towns possess their own regional specific character determined by the historically developed trade and craft traditions. The location of the main trade street in the town generallayout its relation to the transportation scheme, its planning, housing, architectural dominants, transformations and losses, today's state are studied for each town. Various types of trade streets built in thelate XVIII - early XX centuries are shown: a street-corridor with straight tracing and continuous masonry housing (Gostinny Ryad street in Arzamas), a street with direct tracing and dispersed masonry and masonry-wooden housing (Bolshaya Sovetskaya street in lyskovo), a street with curved picturesque tracing and continuous masonry housing (Nizhegorodskaya street in Pavlovo), space formed by three streets with a multiraw arrangement of continuous masonry buildings (Gorky street Bolshoy Kirovskiy sezd Kooperativny sezd in Gorodets). Two types of today's existence of historically formed trade streets of a smalltown are revealed i.e. an active use (Arzamas, Pavlovo) and stagnation (Lyskovo, Gorodets).
Main problems of trade streets' modern use and conditions under which these streets may become valuable public spaces in contemporary understanding of this meaning are identified based on studying historical-culturat natural-ecologicat social-economic, architectural and town-planning criteria of assessment of trade streets' viability in modern conditions and ascertaining potential of their development related to the high historical-cultural value of such complexes
Notes of Italian Censors of the XVI-XVII Centuries in Manuscripts from the Book Collection of the Ginzburg Barons
No full textThe article is devoted to the censors’ notes in the Jewish books that existed in the second half of the XVI - early XVII century on the territory of modern Italy. The material for the study was the family collection of the Ginzburg barons (the Russian State Library), in which about 500 manuscripts of the that period were preserved. The purpose of the article is to introduce into scientific circulation data on the censors of Jewish books on the basis of one of the largest collections of Judaica in the world. The main task of the study was to collect information about the censors from the notes they made in the manuscripts of the collection, and analyze them. There were 27 names of censors, including Domenico of Jerusalem, Giovanni Domenico Caretto, Camillo Yagel, Luigi da Bologna and Renato da Modena, who owned the vast majority of notes with names and information about their lives. The author comes to the conclusion that although the history of censorship of Jewish books has been studied enough, but research on this topic on the basis of rich collections of Judaism in Russia remains a matter of the future
From a natural object to a medical resource: the production of knowledge about petroleum by Johann Jacob Lerche
No full textAs the main tasks of the 18th-century Russian medicine were the support of the army and navy, and the protection of the empire from massive diseases, the regular research of local medical phenomena and resources was not clearly distinguished. The present paper attempts to reveal the ways in which medical knowledge was produced and communicated on the example of crude oil exploration by a Prussian physician in Russian service, Johann Jacob Lerche (1708-1780). Despite the fact that both his wide-ranging medical activities in different areas of the Russian empire and his extensive written heritage drew only fragmentary attention from scholars, they reflect the physician’s expertise in the research of naturalia which he manifested while performing his professional duties. Crude oil was one of the most remarkable mineral wonders of the Pre-Caspian region which Lerche visited twice (1732-1735, 1745-1747). On the basis of his three published accounts, which contain information on petroleum qualities and its practical application, the author investigates how the Baku crude oil, a natural object, was reinvented as a medical resource by an 18th-century state physician in the Russian empire. It is done through the consideration of the processes of world discoveries in the Age of Enlightenment, and the indigenous practices of the oil use. Finally, the significance of the author’s professional position as a state physician appears to have influenced the argumentation of curative qualities of petroleum and the advantages of its location.Od obiektu naturalnego do zasobu medycznego: Johanna Jacoba Lerchego produkcja wiedzy o ropie naftowej Ponieważ głównymi zadaniami medycyny rosyjskiej XVIII wieku były wsparcie armii i floty wojennej oraz ochrona imperium przed epidemiami, regularne badania lokalnych zjawisk i zasobów medycznych nie są wyraźnie rozróżnione. W niniejszej pracy podjęto próbę przedstawienia sposobów produkcji i komunikacji wiedzy medycznej na przykładzie poszukiwania ropy naftowej przez pruskiego lekarza w służbie rosyjskiej Johanna Jacoba Lerchego (1708-1780). Chociaż również jego rozległa działalność medyczna w różnych obszarach Imperium Rosyjskiego i rozległa spuścizna piśmiennicza przyciągnęły tylko fragmentaryczną uwagę uczonych, odzwierciedlają one ogromne doświadczenie lekarza w badaniach nad naturą podczas wykonywania jego obowiązków zawodowych. Ropa naftowa była jednym z najbardziej niezwykłych cudów mineralnych w regionie nadkaspijskim, odwiedzanym przez Lerchego dwukrotnie (1732-1735, 1745-1747). Rozważając procesy odkrywania świata w oświeceniu oraz miejscowe praktyki używania ropy, autorka artykułu na podstawie trzech opublikowanych relacji Lerchego, zawierających informacje o jakości ropy naftowej i jej praktycznym przeznaczeniu, bada, w jaki sposób ropa naftowa z Baku jako obiekt naturalny została odkryta jako zasób medyczny przez lekarza państwowego w XVIII-wiecznym Imperium Rosyjskim. Ponadto znaczenie pozycji zawodowej autora jako lekarza państwowego wydaje się mieć wpływ na uzasadnienie leczniczych właściwości ropy naftowej, a ponadto na zalety jej umiejscowienia
Прежние владельцы рукописей из семейного собрания Гинцбургов: попытка идентификации
No full textThis article is devoted to the analysis of owners’ stamps and inscriptions on manuscripts from the Günzburg family collection stored in the Russian State Library (RSL). The author did not set out to provide exhaustive information about the previous owners, part of whom still remains unidentified. The purpose of the article is to highlight the blocks of manuscripts that were previously part of other private libraries and later were acquired by the Günzburgs, as well as to focus on the most famous former owners of books. Information about them can be discovered in the owner’s inscriptions or, less often, stamps, which are usually found on the fly-leaf or the first folio of the manuscript. Sometimes, however, you can find out who owned a particular book by studying the catalogues of private libraries that were sold out after the death of their owners. This method let to discover among the previous owners of the Günzburg manuscripts such names as Nathan Nahman Koronel, scholar and book publisher, and Fischl Hirsch, bibliophile and bookseller. Based on information from the owners’ inscriptions, we learned that a number of manuscripts from the Günzburg collection were owned by such scholars as Seligmann Baer, Elyakim Carmoly and Shlomo Dubno. Some manuscripts of the collection bear inscriptions of Parisian bookseller Menahem Lifshits with the date and information to whom this particular manuscript belonged earlier. Almost all of them originated from various private libraries on the territory of modern Italy and pertained to more or less known now Italian rabbis or bibliophiles. It is worth noting that the surnames of Italian Jewish families, such as Segre, Finzi, Foa and Travis, are more often found in the owners’ inscriptions on the manuscripts from the Günzburg library than Jewish names from other regions. Among the famous owners of Italian origin is Abraham Yosef Shlomo Graziano, who was Rabbi, scholar and poet and was known for his rather wide view of the Jewish religious laws — Halakha. Separately, it should be noted a few female names and their ownership inscriptions found among the owners of the manuscripts. The article presents the original spelling of some of the names of the owners of manuscripts.Статья посвящена анализу владельческих штампов и записей, встречающихся на рукописях из собрания баронов Гинцбургов, хранящегося в Российской государственной библиотеке (РГБ). Автор не ставил задачу предоставить исчерпывающие сведения о предыдущих владельцах, часть из которых до сих пор остается не идентифицированными. Цель статьи — выделить блоки рукописей, входивших ранее в состав других частных библиотек и приобретенных Гинцбургами, а также акцентировать внимание на наиболее известных прежних владельцах книг. Информацию о них можно извлечь из владельческих надписей или, реже, штампов, которые находятся, как правило, на форзаце или первом листе рукописи. Бывает, однако, что узнать, кто владел той или иной книгой, можно, изучая каталоги частных библиотек, распродававшихся после смерти их владельцев. Так были установлены рукописи, принадлежавшие ранее ученому и книгоиздателю Натану Нахману Коронелю, книготорговцу и библиофилу Фишелю Гиршу. На основе информации из владельческих надписей стало извествно, что ряд рукописей из коллекции Гинцбургов принадлежал ученому Зелигману Баэру, Эльякиму Кармоли, Шломо Дубно. На части рукописей отмечен факт их приобретения у парижского книготорговца Менахема Лифшица с датой и информацией о том, кому данные книги принадлежали ранее. Абсолютное большинство из них бытовали на территории современной Италии и были собственностью нескольких более или менее известных итальянских раввинов или библиофилов. Фамилии итальянских еврейских семей, таких как Сегре, Финци, Фоа, Тревис, на рукописях собрания встречаются чаще, чем еврейские имена из других регионов. Из знаменитых владельцев, живших в Италии, выделяется фигура раввина Авраама Йосефа Шломо Грациано, известного ученого и писателя, отличавшегося довольно широкими воззрениями на еврейский религиозный закон — галаху. Отдельно следует отметить женские владельческие надписи. В статье приводится оригинальное написание части имен владельцев рукописей
An integrated approach to the registration and preservation of a cultivar gene pool in the VIR genebank exemplified in cultivars bred by the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
No full textAs part of a comprehensive program for registering and preserving the gene pool of Russian varieties in the VIR genebank, initiated at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, nomenclatural standards were assigned to potato cultivars ‘Alâska’, ‘Argo’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Legenda’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’, and ‘Šah’, and a voucher specimen was prepared for pre-cultivar ‘Bagira’. All of them were bred at the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Centre (Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Nomenclatural standards of these cultivars are preserved in the Nomenclatural standard collection at the Herbarium of cultivated plants and their wild relatives and weeds (VIR Herbarium, WIR). For each of them, a genetic passport was developed using DNA preparations isolated from plant material donated by the cultivar author to the VIR herbarium. The genetic passport, which includes information on the allelic composition of eight chromosome-specific microsatellite loci, is supplemented by the molecular screening data with markers of 11 R-genes for resistance to pests, as well as the data on the types of cytoplasm. The author of cultivars also supplied VIR with samples of virus-free in vitro plants. Microplants of eight Ural cultivars and one pre-cultivar were genotyped using the same SSR markers and included in the VIR in vitro collection, and then in the cryopreservation program. Most of the accessions were characterized by a relatively high, above 39%, level of post-cryogenic regeneration. Frozen explants of the genotyped Ural cultivars (‘Alâska’, ‘Argo’, ‘Legenda’, ‘Terra’, and ‘Šah’) and pre-cultivar ‘Bagira’ were placed for long-term storage in the VIR Cryobank
Stressors and depressive disorders in rheumatic diseases
No full textThe paper discusses the common comorbidity of immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (RD) and depression. It considers the causes and mechanisms, which are common to these diseases, namely, the provocative role of chronic psychosocial stress; neuroendocrine dysregulations of an immune response, which give rise to the hyperproduction of the proinflammatory cytokines determining the magnitude of the major clinical syndromes of RD and depression — chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, functional insufficiency. The impact of depression on patient treatment adherence and efficiency and the course and outcome of RD is discussed. Particular attention is given to the timely therapy of depression in RD, to the effect of genetically engineered biological agents on depressive symptomatology, to the need for a personified approach to prescribing antidepressants. By taking into account the importance of detection and treatment of depressive disorders in rheumatologic practice from the clinical standpoint and in terms of medical, social, and economic consequences, the author propose an interdisciplinary approach to managing the patients with RD with the participation of rheumatologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and medical psychologists
Nanoparticle release from anionic nanocellulose hydrogel matrix
No full textFunding Information: The authors acknowledge Alexander Efimov and Ekaterina Lisitsyna for the production of the micelle labels. We would like to thank Puja Gangurde for aid in the laboratory work. Ti.L., J.I., and V.-V.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC CoG, grant agreement No 101001016). Ta.L. acknowledges financial support from Phospholipid Research Center (TLA-2019-068/1-1), Instrumentarium Science Foundation, and Silmäsäätiöiden Tohtoritutkijapooli. V.L. acknowledges financial support from Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, and Sigrid Jusélius Foundation. B.S. acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland (grant number 341908) and Vinnova MSCA EF Seal of Excellence IF-2019 (No. 2021-01572). This work was carried out under the Academy of Finland Centers of Excellence Program (2022−2029) in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), project number (346110). We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University Bioeconomy Facilities and OtaNano–Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC) and Micronova Nanofabrication Center. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Nanocellulose hydrogels have been shown to be excellent platforms for sustained delivery of drug molecules. In this study, we examine the suitability of anionic nanocellulose hydrogels for the sustained release of various nanoparticles. Systems releasing nanoparticles could produce applications especially for therapeutic nanocarriers, whose life-times in vivo might be limited. Micelles, liposomes and DNA origami nanostructures were incorporated into the nanocellulose hydrogels, and their release rates were measured. Two different hydrogel qualities (with 1% and 2% mass of fiber content) were used for each nanoparticle formulation. We showed that the drug release rates depend on nanoparticle size, shape, and charge. Smaller particles with neutral charge were released faster from 1% hydrogels than from 2% hydrogels. Nanoparticles with cationic labeling were retained in both hydrogels, whereas for the neutral nanoparticles, we were able to determine the cut-off size for released particles for both hydrogels. Rod-shaped DNA origami were released rapidly even though their length was above the cut-off size of spherical particles, indicating that their smaller radial dimension facilitates their fast release. Based on our results, anionic nanocellulose hydrogels are versatile platforms for the sustained release of the chosen model nanoparticles (liposomes, micelles, and DNA origami). Alternatively, for the tightly bound nanoparticles, this could lead to nanoparticle reservoirs within hydrogels, which could act as immobilized drug release systems.Peer reviewe
