100,468 research outputs found
Le Paris souterrain de Vassilis Alexakis dans L’Enfant grec : catabase funeste ou lieu de renaissance ?
No full textCet article vise à interpréter la présence du sous-sol parisien dans le roman L’Enfant grec (2012) de Vassilis Alexakis, vingt après que ce dernier ait représenté ce même espace souterrain dans Avant. Après un bref résumé de l’oeuvre, une mise au point sur l’importance du souterrain dans l’imaginaire collectif et une brève présentation du sous-sol parisien en littérature, j’analyse la valeur métaphorique que l’auteur confère aux égouts, catacombes, carrières et sous-sols, réels ou imaginaires, qui caractérisent le schéma géographique de L’Enfant grec et qui occupent une place croissante au fil des pages. Cet appel du sous-sol donne-t-il forme, comme dans Avant, à un rejet spatial de la capitale française ou bien s’agit-il d’une évocation plus traditionnelle d’espaces souterrains associés à la mort ? Existe-t-il un lien entre ces espaces en sous-sol et l’espace de la création littéraire ? Même si, dans un premier temps, tout peut laisser à penser que l’auteur a créé une catabase funeste, je conclue que le Paris souterrain d’Alexakis dans L’Enfant grec est un lieu cathartique de renaissance qui permet au narrateur d’apaiser sa crainte de la mort et de se reconcentrer sur l’espace ludique de la création littéraire.This article aims to interpret the presence of the Parisian underground in Vassilis Alexakis’ novel L’Enfant grec (2012), twenty years after the author represented the same underground space in Avant. After a brief summary of the work, some clarifications on the importance of the underground in the collective imagination, and a brief presentation of the Parisian underground in literature, I analyze the metaphorical value that the author attributes to sewers, catacombs, quarries and basements, real or imaginary, which are all characteristic of the geographical framework of L’Enfant grec and which occupy increasing textual space as the novel progresses. Does this call of the underground give shape, as in Avant, to a spatial rejection of the French capital, or it is here a more traditional evocation of underground spaces associated with death? Is there a link between these recurrent underground spaces and the space of literary creation? Even if, at first glance, everything may suggest that the author has created an ill-fated katabasis, I conclude that Alexakis’ underground Paris in L’Enfant grec is a cathartic place of rebirth allowing the narrator to alleviate his fear of death and to refocus on the playful space of literary creation
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
L'interculturalité et le roman contemporain en Europe (José Saramago, Christa Wolf, Vassilis Alexakis)
No full textLa présente étude traite de la problématique liée à l expérience de l étranger dans trois romans de José Saramago, Le Radeau de pierre, L Aveuglement et La Lucidité, trois de Christa Wolf, Christa T., Trame d enfance et Médée ainsi que trois de Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant et Les Mots étrangers, en examinant les aspects culturels, linguistiques et poétiques. Saramago, Wolf et Alexakis font l expérience de l étranger de manières différentes. L expatriation volontaire ou l exil contraint marquent un point décisif dans leurs vies et leurs créations romanesques. Cette étude se concentre sur les manifestations d une poétique de l étranger biculturel qui prend appui sur les singularités provenant de origines diverses des romanciers. Le personnage étranger occupe une place centrale dans les romans. Ses caractéristiques sont mises en évidence grâce à une étude des frontières et à un examen des cultures représentées. Notre réflexion est orientée vers la poétique des romans. Les oeuvres d auteurs biculturels se distinguentelles formellement des autres romans ? Notre travail démontre que la présence de l étranger est intimement liée à la structure des romans. L expérience de l étranger laissetelle des traces au niveau de la langue ? Chez Saramago et Wolf, l examen métalinguistique devient un acte créateur qui accompagne la mise en cause de l omniscience du narrateur. Au contraire d Alexakis, ces deux auteurs intègrent le dialogisme dans leur poétique de l étranger. Les romanciers mènent des réflexions sur la culture en interrogeant à la fois la langue et la mémoire transmises par les ancêtres. Ces deux axes aboutissent à une réflexion sur l identité contemporaine.This research deals with the problems linked to the foreign experience in three novels from José Saramago, The Stone boat, Blindness and Seeing, three from Christa Wolf, The Quest for Christa T., Patterns of Childhood and Medea, as well as in three from Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant and Les Mots étrangers, analysing them in their cultural, linguistic and poetical aspects. Saramago, Wolf and Alexakis make a foreign experience in different ways. The voluntary expatriation or the forced exile are important moments in their lives and in their novelistic production. This study is focused on the poetical expressions of the bicultural foreigner, based on the particularities that come up with the diverse origins of the novelists. The foreign character takes up a key position in the novels. Its properties are outlined and discussed by studying the borders and examining the represented cultures. The research is turned towards the poetics in the novels. Are there formal differences between novels from bicultural writers and other ones? Our work shows that the presence of the foreigner is linked to the structure of the novel. Does the foreign experience leave its imprints on the language used? In Saramago s and Wolf s novels the metalinguistic examination becomes a creative act and it calls the omniscience of the narrator into question. Unlike Alexakis, these two writers integrate dialogism in their poetics of the abroad. The novelists think about culture by means of the language and the memories passed by the ancestors. These two axes lead to studies on contemporary identity.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceF
L'interculturalité et le roman contemporain en Europe (José Saramago, Christa Wolf, Vassilis Alexakis)
No full textThis research deals with the problems linked to the foreign experience in three novels from José Saramago, The Stone boat, Blindness and Seeing, three from Christa Wolf, The Quest for Christa T., Patterns of Childhood and Medea, as well as in three from Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant and Les Mots étrangers, analysing them in their cultural, linguistic and poetical aspects. Saramago, Wolf and Alexakis make a foreign experience in different ways. The voluntary expatriation or the forced exile are important moments in their lives and in their novelistic production. This study is focused on the poetical expressions of the bicultural foreigner, based on the particularities that come up with the diverse origins of the novelists. The foreign character takes up a key position in the novels. Its properties are outlined and discussed by studying the borders and examining the represented cultures. The research is turned towards the poetics in the novels. Are there formal differences between novels from bicultural writers and other ones? Our work shows that the presence of the foreigner is linked to the structure of the novel. Does the foreign experience leave its imprints on the language used? In Saramago’s and Wolf’s novels the metalinguistic examination becomes a creative act and it calls the omniscience of the narrator into question. Unlike Alexakis, these two writers integrate dialogism in their poetics of the abroad. The novelists think about culture by means of the language and the memories passed by the ancestors. These two axes lead to studies on contemporary identity.La présente étude traite de la problématique liée à l’expérience de l’étranger dans trois romans de José Saramago, Le Radeau de pierre, L’Aveuglement et La Lucidité, trois de Christa Wolf, Christa T., Trame d’enfance et Médée ainsi que trois de Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant et Les Mots étrangers, en examinant les aspects culturels, linguistiques et poétiques. Saramago, Wolf et Alexakis font l’expérience de l’étranger de manières différentes. L’expatriation volontaire ou l’exil contraint marquent un point décisif dans leurs vies et leurs créations romanesques. Cette étude se concentre sur les manifestations d’une poétique de l’étranger biculturel qui prend appui sur les singularités provenant de origines diverses des romanciers. Le personnage étranger occupe une place centrale dans les romans. Ses caractéristiques sont mises en évidence grâce à une étude des frontières et à un examen des cultures représentées. Notre réflexion est orientée vers la poétique des romans. Les oeuvres d’auteurs biculturels se distinguentelles formellement des autres romans ? Notre travail démontre que la présence de l’étranger est intimement liée à la structure des romans. L’expérience de l’étranger laissetelle des traces au niveau de la langue ? Chez Saramago et Wolf, l’examen métalinguistique devient un acte créateur qui accompagne la mise en cause de l’omniscience du narrateur. Au contraire d’Alexakis, ces deux auteurs intègrent le dialogisme dans leur poétique de l’étranger. Les romanciers mènent des réflexions sur la culture en interrogeant à la fois la langue et la mémoire transmises par les ancêtres. Ces deux axes aboutissent à une réflexion sur l’identité contemporaine
Interculturality in the contemporary novel in Europe (José Saramago, Christa Wolf, Vassilis Alexakis)
No full textLa présente étude traite de la problématique liée à l’expérience de l’étranger dans trois romans de José Saramago, Le Radeau de pierre, L’Aveuglement et La Lucidité, trois de Christa Wolf, Christa T., Trame d’enfance et Médée ainsi que trois de Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant et Les Mots étrangers, en examinant les aspects culturels, linguistiques et poétiques. Saramago, Wolf et Alexakis font l’expérience de l’étranger de manières différentes. L’expatriation volontaire ou l’exil contraint marquent un point décisif dans leurs vies et leurs créations romanesques. Cette étude se concentre sur les manifestations d’une poétique de l’étranger biculturel qui prend appui sur les singularités provenant de origines diverses des romanciers. Le personnage étranger occupe une place centrale dans les romans. Ses caractéristiques sont mises en évidence grâce à une étude des frontières et à un examen des cultures représentées. Notre réflexion est orientée vers la poétique des romans. Les oeuvres d’auteurs biculturels se distinguentelles formellement des autres romans ? Notre travail démontre que la présence de l’étranger est intimement liée à la structure des romans. L’expérience de l’étranger laissetelle des traces au niveau de la langue ? Chez Saramago et Wolf, l’examen métalinguistique devient un acte créateur qui accompagne la mise en cause de l’omniscience du narrateur. Au contraire d’Alexakis, ces deux auteurs intègrent le dialogisme dans leur poétique de l’étranger. Les romanciers mènent des réflexions sur la culture en interrogeant à la fois la langue et la mémoire transmises par les ancêtres. Ces deux axes aboutissent à une réflexion sur l’identité contemporaine.This research deals with the problems linked to the foreign experience in three novels from José Saramago, The Stone boat, Blindness and Seeing, three from Christa Wolf, The Quest for Christa T., Patterns of Childhood and Medea, as well as in three from Vassilis Alexakis, La Langue maternelle, Avant and Les Mots étrangers, analysing them in their cultural, linguistic and poetical aspects. Saramago, Wolf and Alexakis make a foreign experience in different ways. The voluntary expatriation or the forced exile are important moments in their lives and in their novelistic production. This study is focused on the poetical expressions of the bicultural foreigner, based on the particularities that come up with the diverse origins of the novelists. The foreign character takes up a key position in the novels. Its properties are outlined and discussed by studying the borders and examining the represented cultures. The research is turned towards the poetics in the novels. Are there formal differences between novels from bicultural writers and other ones? Our work shows that the presence of the foreigner is linked to the structure of the novel. Does the foreign experience leave its imprints on the language used? In Saramago’s and Wolf’s novels the metalinguistic examination becomes a creative act and it calls the omniscience of the narrator into question. Unlike Alexakis, these two writers integrate dialogism in their poetics of the abroad. The novelists think about culture by means of the language and the memories passed by the ancestors. These two axes lead to studies on contemporary identity
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
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