53 research outputs found
Origin, characterization and fate of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells during lung development and disease
No full textAlpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)-expression identifies pulmonary airway and vascular SMCs as well as alveolar myofibroblasts (MYFs). These cells are important for normal respiratory function and their dysregulation is associated with disease. Mesenchymal progenitors expressing fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), Wilm s tumor 1 (Wt1) or glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) contribute to SMC formation from early stages of lung development. However, their respective contribution and specificity to the SMC and alveolar MYF lineages remain controversial. In addition, the contribution of mesenchymal cells undergoing WNT signaling remains unknown. Using Fgf10CreERT2, Wt1CreERT2, Gli1CreERT2 and Axin2CreERT2 inducible driver lines in combination with a tdTomatoflox reporter line, the respective differentiation of each pool of labeled progenitor cells along the SMC and alveolar MYF lineages was quantified. The results revealed that while FGF10+ and WT1+ cells showed a minor contribution to the SMC lineage, GLI1+ and AXIN2+ cells significantly contributed to both the SMC and alveolar MYF lineages, but with very limited specificity. Lineage tracing using the Acta2-CreERT2 transgenic line showed that differentiated airway and vascular SMCs labeled at E11.5 do not expand significantly to give rise to new SMCs at E18.5. However, ACTA2+ cells from E15.5 label almost all SMCs in the lung at E18.5, as well as alveolar MYF progenitors in the lung parenchyma. FACS-based isolation of different subpopulations of ACTA2+ lineage-traced cells followed by gene arrays, identified transcriptomic signatures for alveolar MYF progenitors versus airway and vascular SMCs at E18.5. Our results establish a new transcriptional landscape for further experiments addressing the function of signaling pathways in the formation of different subpopulations of ACTA2+ cells.Contractile ACTA2+ cells called activated myofibroblasts (MYFs) are the main effector cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is characterized by excessive accumulation of activated MYFs and lung tissue scarring. Currently there is no effective treatment against IPF. Understanding the origin of the activated MYFs is of great interest. Using Acta2-CreERT2 transgenic line to label pre-existing ACTA2+ showed that pre-existing ACTA2+ airway and vascular SMCs do not give rise to activated MYF. During resolution of fibrosis, we show that activated MYFs lose ACTA2 expression and acquire lipofibroblast-like phenotype. Manipulating this phenotypic switch might offer new therapeutic opportunities for IPF patients
POPULISM IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES AND LINGUO-COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES OF FORMATION
No full textThe article deals with the semantics of the term “populism” and its re-lexicalization via changing
the meaning from neutral to negative. The author gives examples of the third-wave American populist leaders’
speeches, namely those made by Ugo Chaves, Nicolas Maduro, Evo Morales and Daniel Ortega, and reveals
linguistic means of populism, as well as discursive strategies: proliferation (lexical loading) of key concepts, such
as “pueblo”, “nación”, “patria” (“people”, “nation”, “motherland”), constructing discursive “I” in a pattern “I am
my people”, the use of discursive strategies of polarization that helps political leaders delegitimize the opponent
and construct the para-reality to legalize and symbolize self-power. The populist discourse is marked semantically
by key words pueblo, nación, patria, special contextual coloring is designed with set expressions like la voz del
pueblo (voice of the people), by forming occasional derivatives that break language norms, by actualizing oppositions
“friend - enemy”, “acquaintance – stranger”, “people – outsider”, by applying to slogans and precedent phenomena.
The participation of precedent phenomena in discursive strategies of populism is highlighted in the choice of
precedent names (i.e. Simón Bolívar, Augusto César Sandino, Rubén Darío), it is directed at affiliating modern
political leaders with prominent leader of the past, thus pointing to national values and providing legitemisy of the
politicains in power
Economical feasibility of prefabricated solutions in healthcare design and construction industry
No full textFor almost five years, healthcare design and construction sector is in my focus.I started my experience in this field from design proposal of health-improving and rehabilitation center in Moscow which was my master thesis in Moscow Architectural Institute (MArchI) in 2012. After graduation I also worked as an architect in large architectural bureau which is specialized in design and construction of healthcare and resort facilities. Healthcare architectural typology is one of the most complicated ones because it deals with great number of technical and technological issues, which dictate the final spatial and design solutions in many ways. Moreover, technical regulations and demands in this type of buildings are one of the strictest ones based on the core functions and nature of the process. To find a rational balance between technology and architectural aesthetics in healthcare is a great challenge for architect. In 2013 I started my MSc Architecture program in Politecnico di Milano in order to extend my architectural vision and to get European experience and understanding of the profession of architect. Because of the fact that I already had experience in the healthcare sector at that time, I chose the topic of healthcare as my graduation subject in Milan. There is a special department in Politecnico di Milano dedicated to design problems of healthcare facilities. The head of the department, professor Stefano Capolongo, was my supervisor of the graduation project which was dedicated to modular and prefabricated solutions in healthcare design. The main focus of my thesis was to design spatial solutions for general hospital where all functions and departments can be arranged into modular and prefab scheme by using the same span of the structural grid. Questions of modularity, transportability of the modules to the construction site, universality of the layout which allows to put different functions within the same module were the main ones in my research. In order to test my hypothesis and findings I designed renovation project for the real general hospital in one of the Russian provincial cities. The idea behind this step was to test possibility to extend existing healthcare facilities in a modular and prefabricated way which allows to minimize interruptions in the daily activities of the hospital while being under renovation, reduces time schedule for the renovation project in construction phase and increases the quality of the complete work based on in-factory production and assembly process. The focus of my Milan project was mainly on spatial and technological aspects of modular healthcare design. Since I am particularly interested in medical design and construction sector, as I already mentioned, I decided to continue my research in this field while working on my graduation project in TU Delft on Management In the Built Environment Master program in order to understand the entire process of modular construction not only from architectural, but also from managerial, technological, logistic and financial points of view. The main question of this research is whether modular solutions in hospital construction more economically feasible than traditional on-site construction methods, considering the entire life cycle process of the hospital building? By answering this question, I will understand and evaluate financial, managerial and logistical aspects of hospital construction, which will give me the complete picture of effectiveness of modular construction in hospitals. I would like to say thank you to my mentors, Peter de Jong and Ruben Vrijhoef, who supported me along this year and organized a number of interviews with the set of experts who helped me to get the picture of processes in modular construction. Special appreciation to all experts and specialists, who kindly agreed to meet and answer to my questions. All their interviews can be found in appendixes of this report. Special thank you to my family who supports me in my career and helps me to get the things I am working on
BECKER'S ECONOMIC THEORY IN THE GENESIS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC POWER IN MODERN UKRAINE
No full textThe article analyzes problems of power in general and economic power in particular, appeared on the background of extreme conditions of the development of social relations in modern Ukraine, caused by radical transformation of social and state institutions. The author tried to consider the distribution of power authorities between main influence groups under conditions of globalization from the point of view of G.S. Becker’s theory, who stated that “… the economic approach provides maximizing behavior in more expressed form and wider approach, than other ones…” According to the author, the use of the economic approach at analyzing the genesis of the power institute in modern Ukraine is universal, because it is based on main economic paradigms of human behavior – acceptable, wholesale, imputed, shade and so on prices; repeated and reiterated, important and insignificant decisions; emotionally loaded and neutral aims; behavior of nouveaux riches, ill, medics, businessmen and workers, professors and students, law-abiding citizens and criminals. The application area of the economic approach, understood in such a way, is so wide that it includes the subject of economic science. The importance of studying power problems grows, when the researcher addresses to the concrete society, in which on the background on general processes of globalization, build-up of tendencies of openness of national economies, typical for the whole European civilization, radical changes of social and state institutions take place, and as a result extreme conditions of social development and human existence appear. Ukraine found itself in such conditions in last years, so it causes a necessity to consider possibilities of the effective distribution of power between main economic agents under conditions of global economy from new positions. Problems of the Ukrainian state also actualize the analysis of the mechanism of economic power to the great extent, in particular, in concerns the economic decay, complete dependence of Ukraine on external markets and influences, collapse of the “two-vector” policy, declared by the Ukrainian authorities during the years of independence – this all gives grounds for rethinking the role of power in the open economic system, which part is the native economy
USE OF AI IN THE CLASSROOM AND THE "ZERO-TECH" TEACHING METHOD
No full textThe purpose of this article is to consider the role of artificial intelligence in the learning process by comparing two opposite educational strategies - increasing use of artificial intelligence in the classroom and the "zero-tech" teaching method. While schools around the world are becoming more digital and AI-powered, some educational institutions are going in the opposite direction by removing all electronic devices and software from the classroom and creating a zero-tech experience to improve academic results of their students. The study is based on the research works devoted of artificial intelligence and its increasing impact on the educational system as well as on materials and reports published by leading international organizations and institutions dealing with artificial intelligence. The article is also based on the real-life results of the pilot "zero-tech" project. Analyzing practices of AI-powered educational programs and their social impact, the author tries to define challenges and new perspectives for learning process of today and tomorrow. As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that humanity already came to the point where the further penetration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of education is inevitable. At the same time author tries to define the line between the justified and excessive use of AI in the classroom, as in some spheres such as learning of the foreign language human connection itself can serve as the key element to the successful learning
Phenomenon of Christian Art Through the Prism of Ancient Russian Art
No full textThe article deals with the specifics of the Christian art, which is based on the spiritual and moral values, through the prism of the features of the ancient art, the object of the national pride of the modern Russia. The author addresses the question of differences of the Christian art in general from the ancient one, conducts a comparative analysis of the Orthodox and Catholic art, reveals the specifics of the ancient art
Phenomenon of Christian Art Through the Prism of Ancient Russian Art
No full textThe article deals with the specifics of the Christian art, which is based on the spiritual and moral values, through the prism of the features of the ancient art, the object of the national pride of the modern Russia. The author addresses the question of differences of the Christian art in general from the ancient one, conducts a comparative analysis of the Orthodox and Catholic art, reveals the specifics of the ancient art
К вопросу о формировании патриотизма и духовности у современной российской молодежи
No full textThe article is devoted to the problem of the formation of patriotism and spirituality in modern Russian youth. The appeal to the Russian history, promotion of national spiritual values, achievements and victories, opinions of Russian great people, representing its national pride play an important role in solving this problem. Author marks the need to strengthen the ideological education of youth, emphasizes the significance of positive hero, spiritual ideal in the media. In this article author relies on the rich spiritual heritage of the Russian philosophers abroad after October, paying particular attention to the spiritual and moral judgments of I.A. Ilyin.Статья посвящена проблеме формирования патриотизма и духовности у современной российской молодежи. В реализации этой задачи важная роль отводится обращению к отечественной истории, пропаганде национальных духовных ценностей, достижений и побед; воззрений великих людей России, представляющих ее национальную гордость. Отмечается необходимость усиления идеологического воспитания молодежи, подчеркивается значение положительного героя, нравственного духовного идеала в кинематографе и СМИ. Автор опирается на богатое духовное наследие русского зарубежья, уделяя особенное внимание духовно-нравственному завету И.А. Ильина
To the question of the formation of patriotism and spirituality in modern Russian youth
No full textThe article is devoted to the problem of the formation of patriotism and spirituality in modern Russian youth. The appeal to the Russian history, promotion of national spiritual values, achievements and victories, opinions of Russian great people, representing its national pride play an important role in solving this problem. Author marks the need to strengthen the ideological education of youth, emphasizes the significance of positive hero, spiritual ideal in the media. In this article author relies on the rich spiritual heritage of the Russian philosophers abroad after October, paying particular attention to the spiritual and moral judgments of I.A. Ilyin
Проникновение электростатических полей сквозь фарадеевский экран полувитковой ВЧ антенны
No full textThe penetration of electrostatic field outside the shield at the part the antenna faced to plasma is studied in the framework of two-dimensional numerical model. It is shown that single-layer Faraday shield does not have satisfactory shielding properties. The shielding can be improved sufficiently using overlaying two-layer shield.У рамках двовимірної числової моделі вивчено проникнення електростатичних полів крізь екран на його частині, що звернена до плазми. Показано, що одношаровий Фарадеївський екран не забезпечує екранування на прийнятному рівні. З використанням двошарового екрану екранування може бути суттєво поліпшене.В рамках двумерной численной модели изучено проникновение электростатических полей сквозь экран на его участке, обращенном к плазме. Показано, что однослойный Фарадеевский экран не обеспечивает экранирование на приемлемом уровне. С использованием двухслойного экрана экранирование может быть существенно улучшено.The author is thankful to Prof. K.N. Stepanov for stimulating discussions and support and to Dr. A.I.Lyssoivan for discussion of the calculation results and of practical aspects of electrostatic shielding
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