171,844 research outputs found
The first genetic and comparative map of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.): Identification of QTLs for anthracnose resistance and flowering time, and a locus for alkaloid content
No full textWe report the first genetic linkage map of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). An F8 recombinant inbred line population developed from Kiev mutant × P27174 was mapped with 220 amplified fragment length polymorphism and 105 gene-based markers. The genetic map consists of 28 main linkage groups (LGs) that varied in length from 22.7 cM to 246.5 cM and spanned a total length of 2951 cM. There were seven additional pairs and 15 unlinked markers, and 12.8 of markers showed segregation distortion at P < 0.05. Syntenic relationships between Medicago truncatula and L. albus were complex. Forty-five orthologous markers that mapped between M. truncatula and L. albus identified 17 small syntenic blocks, and each M. truncatula chromosome aligned to between one and six syntenic blocks in L. albus. Genetic mapping of three important traits: anthracnose resistance, flowering time, and alkaloid content allowed loci governing these traits to be defined. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with significant effects were identified for anthracnose resistance on LG4 and LG17, and two QTLs were detected for flowering time on the top of LG1 and LG3. Alkaloid content was mapped as a Mendelian trait to LG11
Screening for psychosocial risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease-recommendations for clinical practice
No full textPsychosocial risk factors like low socio-economic status, chronic family or work stress, social isolation, negative emotions (e.g., chronic depression or acute anxiety), and negative personality patterns such as Type-D-pattern or hostility, may contribute significantly to the development and adverse outcome of coronary heart disease. Therefore, systematic screening for psychosocial risk factors in cardiological practice is recommended in order to initiate adequate intervention strategies, e.g., to involve additional psychosocial counselling or treatment. Reliable methods to assess psychosocial risk factors are: (1) standardized, structured interviews; (2) standardized questionnaires, and (3) 'single-item' questions to be included into the cardiologist clinical interviews. While structured interviews should be restricted to trained professionals, questionnaires are easily to administer, and have frequently been used in the field of cardiology. 'Single item' questions are sufficiently reliable and the most timesaving way to screen for psychosocial factors. For clinical practice, a two-step evaluation is recommended: firstly, cardiologists should include 'single-item' questions into their routine interview and/or use questionnaires in order to screen for a potential problem. Secondly, if problems are indicated, patients should be passed to qualified professionals for structured clinical interview. Instruments of all three methods are briefly presented, and implications for further treatment are discussed. (C) 2004 The European Society of Cardiology
Maratus albus Otto & Hill 2016
No full text<i>Maratus albus</i> Otto & Hill 2016 <i>Maratus albus</i> Otto & Hill 2016b; Whyte & Anderson 2017 <p>Males of this coastal species extend their long legs III but do not elevate their fan during courtship display.</p>Published as part of <i>Otto, Jürgen C. & Hill, David E., 2019, Catalogue of the Australian peacock spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini: Maratus, Saratus), version 3, pp. 1-28 in Peckhamia 148 (3)</i> on page 1, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3732535">10.5281/zenodo.3732535</a>
Investigations into the exploitation of heterogeneous soils by Lupinus albus L. and L. pilosus Murr. and the effect upon plant growth
No full textIn calcareous soils, genotypes of Lupinus albus L. generally grow poorly, resulting in stunted plants that often develop lime-induced chlorosis. In contrast, some genotypes of L. pilosus Murr. occur naturally in calcareous soils without developing any visible symptoms of stress. Some genotypic variation for tolerance to calcareous soil does exist in L. albus and the tolerance mechanisms need to be determined. The adaptation through root system morphological plasticity of L. albus and L. pilosus, to heterogeneous limed soil profiles (pH 7.8) containing either patches of acid (non-limed) soil, or vertically split between acid and limed soil, was investigated. When grown in the presence of patches of acid soil, L. albus had a 52% greater shoot dry weight and visibly greener leaves compared with plants grown in the homogeneous limed soil. Total root dry matter in the acid-soil patches was greater than in the control limed-soil patches. This was due to a four-fold increase in the cluster root mass, accounting for 95% of the root dry matter in the acid-soil patch. Although these cluster roots secreted no more citric acid per unit mass than those in the limed soil did, their greater mass resulted in a higher citrate concentration in the surrounding soil. L. pilosus responded to the patches of acid soil in a manner comparable with L. albus. When grown in the homogeneous limed soil, L. pilosus had a greater maximum net CO2 assimilation rate (Pmax) than L. albus, however, the Pmax of both species increased after they had accessed a patch of acid soil. Differences were apparent between the L. albus genotypes grown in soil profiles split vertically into limed and acid soil. A genotype by soil interaction occurred in the partitioning between soils of the cluster roots. The genotype La 674 was comparable with L. pilosus and produced over 11% of its cluster roots in the limed soil, whereas the other genotypes produced only 1–3% of their cluster roots in the limed soil. These results indicate L. pilosus is better adapted to the limed soil than L. albus, but that both species respond to a heterogeneous soil by producing mainly cluster roots in an acid-soil patch. 
Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato : from diversity study to genome analysis
No full textColletotrichum acutatum sensu lato includes a number of important pathogens that cause
economically significant losses of various crops. The C. acutatum species complex has a
wide host range in both domesticated and wild plant species, and its capability to infect
different types of hosts such as insects has also been described. Members belonging to this
complex are able to develop three different types of interaction with plant hosts including
biotrophic, necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic infections and are also capable of surviving on
weeds and non-hosts without causing visible symptoms. They are mainly asexual, but some
have a teleomorphic state called Glomerella and can be either homothallic or heterothallic.
The sexual behaviour in Glomerella is more complicated than in most ascomycetes, and
strains within the same species do not show a typical MAT1-1/2 system.
The overall aim of this study was to gain an improved understanding of the relationships
between the genetic diversity of global populations, host association patterns, geographic
distribution and biological and pathological attributes. A database (CaITSdb) containing
more than 800 rRNA sequences deposited in GenBank was created along with key
biogeographic information, and the data have been analysed in order to investigate genetic
diversity and distribution of sub-populations and their evolutionary relationships. The
combined evidence was used to assemble a core collection of 120 isolates that are
representative of the diversity in host preference, geographic origin, mating behaviour and
molecular genetic variation. A multi-locus sequencing approach (based on four neutral loci)
has been used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships amongst the isolates in the core
collection. A strong relationship was observed between various genetic groups distinguished
and their mating behaviour, geographic distribution and host association patterns.
Oceania
has been identified as a likely geographic origin of this pathogen, as the highest level of
variability and groups related to a hypothetical ancestral population are mainly distributed in
these countries. All homothallic isolates capable of producing perithecia belonged to the
same genetic group A7; whereas all self-sterile heterothallic isolates were classified as either
A3 or A5. Isolates derived from the same host tend to cluster together into genetic groups or
sub-populations. This evidence is generally in agreement with recent published work on
taxonomic re-assessment of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato, which indicates at least
fifteen new species. This study has provided the evidence for the occurrence of three distinct
genetic groups on strawberry in the UK corresponding to three species reported in the
literature namely, C. nymphaeae, C. fioriniae and C. godetiae. Isolates belonging to the
genetic groups that correspond to C. nymphaeae and C. fioriniae appeared to be the most
aggressive on strawberry, followed by C. godetiae, and C. simmondsii (not found in the UK).
Representative isolates of other species were less aggressive.
The first whole genome sequence an isolate (A9 = C. simmondsii) from the C. acutatum
sensu species complex was assembled and analysed using a range of bioinformatics
algorithms. An isolate of C. simmondsii was chosen based on its wide host range including
strawberry and the phylogeographic position. Genome analyses enabled prediction and
annotation of the whole gene set at 13549 including 6 % unique to this species. The data also
suggested an interesting expansion of several gene families, such as those encoding
carbohydrate-active enzymes, secondary metabolites pathways and effectors which could be
associated with the wide host range. The new knowledge and resources developed with the
genome analyses along with the results of the population level diversity studies provide a
platform for future comparative and functional genomics investigations to advance this
research
Cricocephalus albus Kuhl & Hasselt
No full textCricocephalus albus (Kuhl & Hasselt) Caretta caretta (Linnaeus), intestine, unspecified locality (Travassos et al. 1969). Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus), stomach, small intestine, Rio de Janeiro (Travassos et al. 1969; Thatcher 1993) (CHIOC 4526, 4536, 6923, 7399, 9767, 9768 a–b, 9773, 9774 a–c, 9777, 9794, 20797). Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus), intestine, unspecified locality (Travassos et al. 1969; Thatcher 1993).Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18817
Diseño de un medio de cultivo para el aislamiento y crecimiento de la bacteria productora de hidrógeno Ruminococcus albus
No full textRuminococcus albus es una bacteria fibrolítica que ejerce una función importante en el fluido ruminal por su capacidad para degradar celulosa y hemicelulosa y por sus interacciones con otras especies. Asimismo, es un microorganismo con alto potencial biotecnológico por su capacidad para producir hidrogeno y porque puede ser usado como complemento dietario de ganado, pollos y caballos. A pesar de que esta bacteria se ha estudiado desde 1950, la mejora de medios de cultivo que permitan su aislamiento selectivo y específico a partir de fluido ruminal contribuiría a facilitar su estudio y aplicabilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar un medio de cultivo para su aislamiento y crecimiento evaluando diferentes medios y agentes selectivos. En una primera fase se evaluó el método de roll-tube para aislar microorganismos celulíticos propuesta por Hungate (1969), utilizando carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) y papel filtro Whatman No1 (PMC) como fuentes de carbono en un medio modificado basado en el medio RGC (Rumen Fluid Glucose Cellobiose), identificando solo tres aislamientos de Streptococcus bovis/equinus en lugar de R. albus. En una segunda fase se evaluó el crecimiento de la cepa 7 de R. albus en el medio DSMZ 436 cuya reactivación tardó nueve días y los repiques crecieron después de 48 horas incubando a 37°C. Posteriormente se evaluó un medio químicamente definido, midiendo la tasa de crecimiento de las cepas 7, 8, SY3 y B199 que alcanzaron la fase exponencial tardía después de aproximadamente 10 horas de incubación a 37°C y 39°C. Adicionalmente se evaluó el crecimiento de las cepas en presencia de diferentes compuestos, con el fin de proponerlos como agentes selectivos. La cepa B199 creció después de 48 horas de incubación en presencia de ácido propiónico al 0.5% y LiCl al 0.5%, mientras que el resto crecieron antes de las 24 horas. Asimismo, todas las cepas crecieron en presencia de ácido nalidixico, exceptuando la cepa 8. Para estudios futuros se propone aislar R. albus usando fibra vegetal como fuente de carbono y probar la selectividad de estos tres agentes en el medio químicamente definido mediante la técnica de roll-tube y evaluar el crecimiento del microorganismo frente a otros posibles agentes selectivos como el feniletil alcohol entre otros. Del mismo modo se recomienda que para aislar, cultivar y criopreservar exitosamente este microorganismo es necesario tener en cuenta las características de su metabolismo y de su hábitat y seguir las recomendaciones sugeridas por la literatura para el trabajo en el laboratorio.Ruminococcus albus is a fibrolytic bacterium which develops a key role in the rumen fluid due to its cellulose and hemicellulose degrading capability and interaction with other rumen microbiota species. Furthermore, is a high-biotechnological potential bacterium able to be used to produce hydrogen as energy source and as a dietary complement for poultry, cattle and horses as well. Therefore, despite of R. albus has been a research matter from 1950, a culture medium to be specifically isolated from rumen fluid would open the possibilities of study and applicability. The aim of this study was to optimize a selective culture medium for its growth and isolation by evaluating different media and selective agents. In a first stage, roll-tube methodology for isolation of cellulolytic bacteria proposed by Hungate (1969) using carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) and pebble-milled cellulose (PMC) as carbon sources, was evaluated in a RGC-based (Rumen Fluid Glucose Cellobiose) culture medium. Three ruminococci-shape isolates were identified as Strptococcus bovis/equinus instead R. albus. In a second phase, growth of R. albus strain 7 was evaluated in the medium DSMZ 436, in which reactivation took nine days and fresh inocula took 48 hours to growth. Both incubations were carried out at 37°C. Afterwards a chemical-defined medium was evaluated measuring the growth rate of R. albus strains 7, 8, SY3 and B199 which reached the late exponential phase before 10 hours of incubation at 37°C and 39°C. Subsequently the growth of the four strains was evaluated in the presence of several compounds with the aim to propose it as selective agents. The strain B199 grew after 48 hours of incubating time in the presence of 0.5% propionic acid and 0.5% LiCl, meanwhile the remaining strains have grown yet at 24 hours of incubation. All strains grew in the presence of 25 µg/mL of nalidixic acid as well, but strain 8 didn’t. For further studies it is proposed to isolate R. albus using vegetable fiber as carbon source and screening the selectivity of these agents in the chemical-defined medium by the roll-tube technique. However, the resistance to other selective agents of R. albus strains as phenyl-ethyl alcohol among others should be evaluated as well. Moreover, for a success isolation, growth and cryopreservation of R. albus it is recommended to take in consideration metabolic and habitat features of this microorganisms and follow the lab procedures as suggested in the literature.Maestrí
Asphodelus albus subsp. carpetanus Z. Díaz & Valdés (Asphodelaceae), una nueva subespecie del centro
No full textA new subspecies of Asphodelus albus, A. albus subsp. carpetanus Z. Díaz & Valdés, a tetraploid taxon from C. Spain, is described.Se describe una nueva subespecie de A. albus, A. albus subsp. carpetanus Z. Díaz & Valdés, taxón tetraploide propio del Sistema Central españo
Psychokardiologie: Praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen.
No full textPsychosocial risk factors (work stress, low socioeconomic status, impaired social support, anger, anxiety and depression), certain personality traits (e. g. hostility) and post-traumatic stress disorders may negatively influence the incidence and course of multiple cardiovascular disease conditions. Systematic screening for these factors may help to adequately assess the psychosocial risk pattern of a given patient and may also contribute to the treatment of these patients. Recommendations for treatment are based on current guidelines.The physician-patient interaction should basically follow the principle of a patient centered communication and should gender and age specific aspects into consideration. Integrated biopsychosocial care is an effective, low threshold option to treat psycho-social risk factors and should be offered on a regular basis.Patients with high blood pressure may profit from relaxation programs and biofeedback procedures (however with moderate success). An individually adjusted multimodal treatment strategy should be offered to patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure and after heart surgery. It may incorporate educational tools, exercise therapy, motivational modules, relaxation and stress management programs. In case of affective comorbidity, psychotherapy may be indicated. Anti-depressant pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the first line should only be offered to patients with at least moderate severe depressive episodes. Psychotherapy and SSRIs, particularly sertraline, have been proven to be safe and effective with regard to improvements of the patient's quality of life. A prognostic benefit has not been clearly proven so far. Patients with an implanted cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) should receive psychosocial support on a regular basis. Concomitant psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacotherapy (SSRIs) should be offered in case of a severe mental comorbidity. Generally, tricyclic antidepressants should be avoided in cardiac patients because of adverse side effects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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