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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Public Financial Institutions, Industrial Policies, and Quebec Capitalist Development, 1960-2018.
No full textThis thesis analyzes the role of public financial institutions and industrial policies in Quebec capitalist development between 1960 and 2018. This study is informed by a Marxist analysis articulating the transformations in public financial institutions and industrial policies to the systemic shifts in private finance and business organization during different phases of the uneven capitalist development in Quebec.
Quebec’s public financial institutions evolved in response to the weaknesses and “short-termism” of private finance. The dissertation argues these policy instruments became disciplined by market imperatives, enabled by class conflicts that made public financial institutions and industrial policies subservient to capitalist “catch-up” and internationalization. Documentary analysis tracks the main regulatory changes of these policies and institutions and the political struggles waged by business associations and unions over their goals.
Multiple firm-level cases reveal that Quebec’s public financial institutions shared features with “patient capital” at odds with financialization, but they still accommodated neoliberal corporate restructurings. This process is captured by the concept of “neoliberal loyalty”. While these institutions protected the province’s businesses from predatory rentiers, these firms still faced intensifying capitalist competition in the world market.
A case study of Bombardier analyzes if the company’s accumulation practices were consistent or in contradiction with Quebec’s industrial policies. Bombardier became involved in financial activities distinct from its core manufacturing operations, but it still remained predominantly an industrial conglomerate. The case study supports a conception of financialization intensifying financial discipline upon “real” production, and as compatible with the province’s neoliberal industrial policies.
In contrast to the institutionalists depicting the “Quebec model of development” as a policy regime divergent from neoliberalism, this thesis contributes to a literature locating Quebec’s economic policies, labour market trends, and overall policy regime as a variety of neoliberalism. A conclusion of this thesis is that public banking should not be considered as a ready-made “progressive” alternative to financialization. This conclusion challenges the assumptions of institutional perspectives on “patient capital”
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Can China Unmake the American Making of Global Capitalism?
No full textIf the United States made global capitalism in the twentieth century, can China unmake this American making in the twenty-first? If global capitalism was made by integrating the West under the aegis of American hegemony, then can China construct an alternative world order by integrating the East? This essay argues that there are severe contradictions constraining China’s capacity to successfully challenge a global capitalism that continues to be centred upon the United States, including in East Asia. The most important contradictions lie in the nature of China’s nationalist discourse and its economic integration with Western – particularly American – capital. Any sober assessment of China’s new mission of challenging the United States in the twenty-first century needs to be made in the light of these contradictions, with their unknowable domestic consequences.
Nevertheless, while China may not succeed in making an alternative global capitalism in the foreseeable future, it will certainly not be for want of trying. The period of China following Deng Xiaoping’s dictum of ‘biding our time and keeping a low profile’ in the 1990s and 2000s was decidedly over by 2013, with President Xi Jinping announcing a new era of China ‘striving for achievement’. Previous taboos have now been shattered, with Xi explicitly proclaiming that China is returning to its ‘natural’ place of centrality in Asia and that ‘it is for the people of Asia to run the affairs of Asia’ – a pointed reference to American hegemony. Of course, Xi is not the first to proclaim that China is now standing up. Beginning with Mao’s famous proclamation atop the Gate of Heavenly Peace across from Tiananmen Square on 1 October 1949 at the dawn of the People’s Republic, the question many Chinese elites have long debated is not whether China should challenge American hegemony, but when. Even as China transformed from a version of state socialism to a version of state capitalism in the 1980s and 1990s and deeply integrated with American-centred global capitalism, the assumption behind Deng’s dictum was that China should keep a low profile until such time that it is powerful enough to no longer need to do so. Many Chinese elites believed that this time had come in the aftermath of the 2008 Wall Street crash and ensuing global financial crisis, with the West on its knees, and China becoming increasingly assertive in the last term of President Hu Jintao
Neoliberal Capitalism:The Authoritarian Turn
Get PDFWhat exactly is the nature of neoliberalism that it can simultaneously both rely upon state intervention and deny its efficacy by recourse to political and ideological populism, quite apart from appeals to other (conservative) collectivities – nationalism and racism, in particular – in the context of market individualism? Coherence is not the order of the day, but there is underlying order in the chaos as our argument here, summarized as follows, suggests.First, what occurred in 2008-09 was a severe crisis within neoliberalism, exposing the limits of reliance on finance as the driver of global accumulation. Initially taken by many as a fatal crisis of neoliberalism, especially as the market failed spectacularly in its favoured arena of finance, the crisis proved nothing of the sort. Despite the decline of GDP growth rates and the vast and continuing reverberations of the crisis, neoliberalism remains alive and well in the economic domain and beyond. Indeed, in most respects, neoliberalism has been strengthened during the last decade. Second, the social and institutional changes brought about by neoliberalism, and furthered by the finance-first and fiscal ‘austerity’ policies imposed in the wake of the global crisis, have destabilized the political sphere formed under neoliberalism and steadily sapped the ideological legitimacy of the system of accumulation. These developments have not quelled political activism entirely, but they have severely undermined its traditional forms of expression and created fertile conditions for more extreme politics as new vulnerabilities to livelihoods emerged. Third, while neoliberalism was, previously, typically grounded in increasingly shallow and formal practices of liberal democracy, its current political forms are transitioning towards unstable modalities of which authoritarianism is increasingly common, with ‘spectacular’ leaders driving right-wing exclusionary programmes and the emergence of mass movements of the right both supporting and pushing them forward. We argue that these political shifts are not transitory phenomena ensuing directly from poor economic performance, that will reverse once faster economic growth resumes. Instead, they are the outcome of the degeneration of liberal democracy under neoliberalism.Yet, to understand whether authoritarian neoliberalism is a transitory adjustment phase to the murky post-crisis world or becoming the ‘bestfit’ political arrangement for neoliberalism, the tendencies and countertendencies characterizing the present phase of neoliberalism need to be identified and disentangled. For the fate of authoritarian neoliberalism inevitably hinges on how such tendencies will be resolved – a process which is chaotic, still in flux, and by no means predetermined.Article DetailsIssu
Death to the Corporation: a modest proposal
Get PDFOne of the things that is most often repeated about the US and UK response to the 2007-08 financial crisis is that nobody went to jail for the frauds and financial crises associated with the crash. Although we tend to argue for ‘more punishment’ in response to white collar and corporate offending, the form that regulation takes in capitalist societies almost always guarantees impunity to the property owning class. As this essay will argue, the impunity guaranteed to the most powerful executives following the 2008 crash, when considered alongside the fines levied against the banks and financial institutions, reveals a set of tensions and contradictions in regulation that are normal in capitalist societies: they do not merely apply to the biggest banks, and they do not merely apply in times of acute crisis.
When regulation (and punishment) is effective, it has the effect of stabilizing the system. When regulation is most effective, it enhances the longevity of capitalism as a system. Yet as socialists, we know that this is not in the interests of everyone. When we demand effective regulation, and when we demand justice for a criminal ruling class in such moments, we are also demanding that capitalism corrects itself. This is why demanding punishment of corporations, or of their executives, as a panacea to such crises or to the problems caused by capitalism can only ever be a strategy of limited or modest reform.
This essay will explore how we can demand justice in ways that both seek to ameliorate the deadly harms produced by capitalism in the short term, but at the same time weaken capitalism as a system in the long run. The purpose of this essay, therefore, is to think how our demands for the punishment of corporate crime are targeted in ways that might usefully contribute to a transformative strategy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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