1,721,023 research outputs found
Masculinity, Performativity and Stereotypical Communication: Power Relations Reiterated by Language in the Social and Working Context
No full textFeminist reflections have led to a rethinking of many aspects of our contemporary world, such as the concept of masculinity and its power relations. In Western civilisation, in fact, man is the archetype, thus making his supremacy part of the natural order of things. This very naturalness, discursively produced and performed, is what has made man invisible and universal, hence without the need to think-and think oneself-in terms of gender. As a result, man has convinced himself that he is not influenced by his own masculinity and can speak for all mankind, becoming the logos through which he declines the rest, prescribing 'consonant' ways of being a man or a woman. Historically, then, different power relations have developed, generating violent forms of communication that, on a daily basis, reiterate a hegemonic and sexist social model. This has led to the production of certain stereotypical attributes that have subsequently flowed into different social dynamics, establishing different roles and work possibilities that have welded structural problems: such as, for example, the 'glass ceiling'. The aim of this analysis, therefore, will be to reason about the concept of masculinity and the consequent hegemonic-linguistic structures, wondering how such reflections can be translated back into the corporate sphere. This is with the aim of producing anti-discriminatory and equal systems that improve workers' conditions, as well as their general outlook on gender issues. The methodology adopted will see the use of philosophical-pragmatic theoretical reflection, in particular around the theory of linguistic performativity, fused with empirical data collection in the corporate sphere as a result of questionnaires, contextual analyses and training courses carried out at an Italian corporation
Masculinity: Phallogocentrism and Performativity. A Philosophical Analysis Based on the Studies of Jacques Derrida, Judith Butler and Raewyn Connell to Counter Patriarchal Hegemony
No full textFeminist considerations have induced a rethinking of many aspects of our contemporary world, such as the concept of gender and power relations. This has led to a re-examination of the entire previous tradition of thought, finding in phallogocentrism the paradigm of reference. This term indicates, starting with Derrida's considerations, the Western tendency to have centred not only the logos, but also the phallus, weaving an intricate relationship between masculinity and language. It's precisely this bond that makes man the archetype on which society is founded, placing his supremacy in the natural order, defining power relations and nailing pre-established categories. A being-nailed in the Lévinasian sense, thus an adherence between the agreement of voices and being, which produces 'category-beings' in which pre-delineated social identity is concealed in a condition of 'nature', such as the 'being-male'. It's precisely this naturalness, discursively produced, that has made man universal. Consequently, man has convinced himself that he can speak for all humanity, becoming the logos through which he declines the rest. Declinations that have produced rigid and hierarchical categories that precede and define each person, prescribing 'consonant' ways, rhetorically assumed as 'human nature'. The "nature" of being man or woman does not, in fact, concern monolithic essentialisms, but rather movements of intertwined meanings in a process that Derrida defines as différance. A process, therefore, in becoming, which has over time produced unequal power relations, justifying them as "natural", and which daily reiterates a hegemonic and sexist social model. The aim of this analysis, hence, will be to bring phallogocentric masculinity and consequent hegemonic structures into the field of philosophical reflection, with the purpose of redirecting praxis towards performative processes of characterisation the person, rather than a pre-delineated categorisation. Thus, to release being from socio-cultural categories, which historical-performative praxis nails to each body
Language, Neuter, and Masculinity: The Influence of the Neuter-Male in the Reiteration of Social Models, A Philosophical Analysis Starting with Cavarero, Irigaray, and Butler
No full textGender studies has generated numerous questions around “neutral” forms, such as the concept of “Self”. The aim of this analysis is to highlight how “neutral” forms are central to the reiteration of the binary model and the dominance of “man2”. Historically, man is the archetype, placing his supremacy as part of the natural order of things. Inserted into this model, many thinkers have considered the male as the transcendental gender, so, elevating the masculine as universal, a-sexed and decorporealised. In this way, man has convinced himself that he’s not conditioned by his masculinity and can speak for all humanity, becoming the logosthrough which he declines the rest. Man, therefore, has made himself “neutral” – both in the conceptual sense and in the grammatical structure (particularly of binary languages such as Italian) – by taking control of language. Through it, he orders and constitutes the world, developing dichotomies and signifying anatomical bodies. In this research, it is intended to work on language and the relationship between “neutral” and power, emphasizing how that relationship is central to the reproduction of the patriarchal model. Through a critical philosophical reflection, which sees a logical-linguistic and historical-processual methodological structure, the discourse of the I-neutral will be crossed, pointing out how that “neutral” is in truth male. The concluding goal will be to, through “fluid” visions, build the basis for a language that is truly neutral and ready to embrace multiplicity, without relations of domination; a language really inclusive and not a reiterator of the patriarchal model
Aquarone Alberto — Grandi città e aree metropolitane in Italia. Problemi amministrativi e prospettive di riforma
No full textC A. Aquarone Alberto — Grandi città e aree metropolitane in Italia. Problemi amministrativi e prospettive di riforma. In: Population, 18ᵉ année, n°1, 1963. p. 185
Aquarone Alberto — Grandi città e aree metropolitane in Italia. Problemi amministrativi e prospettive di riforma
No full textC A. Aquarone Alberto — Grandi città e aree metropolitane in Italia. Problemi amministrativi e prospettive di riforma. In: Population, 18ᵉ année, n°1, 1963. p. 185
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L'incredibile storia della neve e della sua scomparsa
No full textLa storia della conservazione della neve è un'epopea mondiale che tocca tutte le aree geografiche e tutte le grandi civiltà: dagli assiri agli egizi, dalla Roma di Nerone alla Cina Imperiale, dalle raffinate corti dell'Italia rinascimentale alla Versailles del Re Sole. Fin dall'antichità il freddo è stato uno dei mezzi più semplici per conservare gli alimenti deperibili. Il ghiaccio e la neve venivano utilizzati anche per preparare specialità gastronomiche particolarmente ricercate o, più semplicemente, per rinfrescare pietanze e bevande. Non solo: il freddo fu per lungo tempo l'unico presidio medico davvero efficace nel controllo della temperatura corporea. Da qui scaturiva la necessità di un'attività di produzione, raccolta e commercio immane e costellata di sfide logistiche che presentavano problemi tecnici non indifferenti e che vennero del tutto superati solo nella seconda metà del XIX secolo, con l'invenzione della macchina per produrre artificialmente il ghiaccio. Attraverso un arco temporale che va dall'antichità ai giorni nostri, l'originalissimo saggio di Alberto Grandi ripercorre le tappe di questa incredibile storia, in gran parte sconosciuta, che ha avuto momenti davvero epici e ha rappresentato, almeno fino alla metà del XX secolo, una realtà economica di rilevanza internazionale. Una storia che fa emergere non solo elementi economici di grande interesse e attualità ma anche qualcosa di più sorprendente, vale a dire la dimensione culturale dell'uso del freddo. Oggi come nel passato, infatti, il livello dei consumi di ghiaccio non è mai stato solo legato alla sua disponibilità a basso costo, ma sembra essere strettamente connesso a particolari propensioni e ai gusti dei consumatori, a qualcosa, in altre parole, che potremmo definire come una simbologia sociale del freddo. "La storia della neve è la storia di un prodotto, di un mercato, di una tecnologia. È la storia di modelli di consumo che si sono evoluti in maniera differente nei diversi paesi del mondo. Oggi il ghiaccio e la neve si producono solo per soddisfare bisogni superflui, come la realizzazione di cocktail o per preparare piste da sci. Il paradosso è che per avere a disposizione tutto ciò, per avere le nostre case sempre fresche e i nostri frigoriferi sempre più grandi, stiamo contribuendo a rendere la Terra un pianeta torrido: per avere la neve artificiale, ci stiamo privando del piacere di toccare e di contemplare la neve naturale"
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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